Neuromuscular adaptations during concurrent strength and endurance training versus strength training

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Häkkinen ◽  
M. Alen ◽  
W. J. Kraemer ◽  
E. Gorostiaga ◽  
M. Izquierdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Neuromuscular Adaptations

scholarly journals Arm exercise training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe J McKeough ◽  
Peter TP Bye ◽  
Jennifer A Alison
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Arm Exercise ◽  
Arm Strength

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of arm endurance training, arm strength training, a combination of arm endurance and strength training, and no arm training on endurance arm exercise capacity. A randomised controlled trial was undertaken with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subjects randomised into one of four groups to complete 8 weeks of training: (a) arm endurance training (endurance group) consisting of supported and unsupported arm exercises, (b) arm strength training (strength group) using weight machines, (c) a combination of arm endurance and arm strength training (combined group), or (d) no arm training (control group). The primary outcome measurement was endurance arm exercise capacity measured by an endurance arm crank test. Secondary outcomes included functional arm exercise capacity measured by the incremental unsupported arm exercise test and health-related quality of life. A total of 52 subjects were recruited and 38 (73%) completed the study. When comparing the arm endurance group to the control group, there was a significant increase in endurance time of 6 min (95% CI 2–10, p < 0.01) following the interventions. When comparing the combined group to each of the control, endurance and strength groups, there was a significantly greater reduction in dyspnoea and rate of perceived exertion at the end of the functional arm exercise test for the combined group following the interventions. The mode of training to be favoured to increase endurance arm exercise capacity is arm endurance training. However, combined arm endurance and strength training may also be very useful to reduce the symptoms during everyday arm tasks.

Effect of Strength Training and Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training on Strength, Testosterone, and Cortisol

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Gordon Bell ◽  
Dan Syrotuik ◽  
Teresa Socha ◽  
Ian Maclean ◽  
H. Art Quinney
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Endurance Training

scholarly journals Strength Endurance Training but Not Intensive Strength Training Reduces Senescence-Prone T Cells in Peripheral Blood in Community-Dwelling Elderly Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 1870-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung Cao Dinh ◽  
Rose Njemini ◽  
Oscar Okwudiri Onyema ◽  
Ingo Beyer ◽  
Keliane Liberman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cell Repertoire ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
T Cell Phenotypes

Abstract Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in immune function known as immunosenescence. Although the causes of immunosenescence are likely to be multifactorial, an age-associated accumulation of senescent T cells and decreased naive T-cell repertoire are key contributors to the phenomenon. On the other hand, there is a growing consensus that physical exercise may improve immune response in aging. However, the optimum training modality required to obtain beneficial adaptations in older subjects is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of exercise modality on T-cell phenotypes in older women. A total of 100 women (aged ≥ 65 years) were randomized to either intensive strength training (80% of one-repetition maximum ), strength endurance training (40% one-repetition maximum), or control (stretching exercise) for 2–3 times per week during 6 weeks. The T-cell percentages and absolute counts were determined using flow cytometry and a hematology analyzer. C-reactive protein was measured using immunonephelometry. We report for the first time that 6 weeks of strength endurance training significantly decreased the basal percentage and absolute counts of senescence-prone T cells, which was positively related to the number of training sessions performed. Conceivably, training protocols with many repetitions—at a sufficiently high external resistance—might assist the reduction of senescence-prone T cells in older women.

Strength or Endurance Training for Undergraduate Music Majors at a University?

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwen Ackermann ◽  
Roger Adams ◽  
Elfreda Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Motion Field ◽  
Music Majors ◽  
Exercise Period

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of an exercise regimen for undergraduate music majors at a university, and to determine whether a short-term, moderate-intensity program designed to assist in their preparation for the athletic task of playing an instrument for many hours a day could be incorporated into their timetables and show strength gains. In this study, 18 volunteer university undergraduate music majors were randomly allocated into either six weeks of strength training or six weeks of endurance training of proximal upper-limb and trunk muscles. All subjects were measured over a six-week control period prior to the exercise period. Tests using both physical and self-report data were repeated on three separate occasions to determine whether training produced any effects over this period, and which form of training was the more effective. Physical testing data were collected by an independent tester who was blinded to the study condition. These data included Cybex dynamometer testing in two planes of shoulder motion, field measurements, and timing an isometric 90-degree forward flexion arm hold. Questionnaires were used to gather data on the frequency and severity of performance-related musculoskeletal disorders and on the perceived exertion of playing. Results indicated that the program produced significant strength gains in both field measurements and dynamometer testing in both exercise groups. While all field measurements of the actual exercises performed increased significantly over the exercise period, the dynamometer results showed a significant effect of the exercise program on the horizontal plane only, suggesting this group of musicians took a task-specific view of the exercises and focused more on their application of horizontal exercises, seeing the relevance in relation to playing an instrument. Vertical isokinetic measurements remained unchanged. Perceived exertion of playing was significantly reduced, with endurance training significantly better than strength training for achieving this result.

Maximal Strength Training Improves Endothelial Function Similar To That Observed After Moderate Intensity Endurance Training In Obese Adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S84-S85
Author(s):  
Inga E. Schjerve ◽  
Gjertrud A. Tyldum ◽  
Arnt E. Tjonna ◽  
Tomas Stolen ◽  
Per M. Haram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Obese Adults

scholarly journals Motor unit behavior during submaximal contractions following six weeks of either endurance or strength training

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 1455-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Vila-Chã ◽  
Deborah Falla ◽  
Dario Farina
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Motor Unit ◽  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Unit Discharge ◽  
Task Failure ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Motor Unit Discharge

The study investigated changes in motor output and motor unit behavior following 6 wk of either strength or endurance training programs commonly used in conditioning and rehabilitation. Twenty-seven sedentary healthy men (age, 26.1 ± 3.9 yr; mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to strength training (ST; n = 9), endurance training (ET; n = 10), or a control group (CT; n = 8). Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), time to task failure (isometric contraction at 30% MVC), and rate of force development (RFD) of the quadriceps were measured before ( week 0), during ( week 3), and after a training program of 6 wk. In each experimental session, surface and intramuscular EMG signals were recorded from the vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis muscles during isometric knee extension at 10 and 30% MVC. After 6 wk of training, MVC and RFD increased in the ST group (17.5 ± 7.5 and 33.3 ± 15.9%, respectively; P < 0.05), whereas time to task failure was prolonged in the ET group (29.7 ± 13.4%; P < 0.05). The surface EMG amplitude at 30% MVC force increased with training in both groups, but the training-induced changes in motor unit discharge rates differed between groups. After endurance training, the motor unit discharge rate at 30% MVC decreased from 11.3 ± 1.3 to 10.1 ± 1.1 pulses per second (pps; P < 0.05) in the vasti muscles, whereas after strength training it increased from 11.4 ± 1.2 to 12.7 ± 1.3 pps ( P < 0.05). Finally, motor unit conduction velocity during the contractions at 30% MVC increased for both the ST and ET groups, but only after 6 wk of training ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, these strength and endurance training programs elicit opposite adjustments in motor unit discharge rates but similar changes in muscle fiber conduction velocity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document