Rating of perceived exertion during two different constant-load exercise intensities during arm cranking in paraplegic and able-bodied participants

2010 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harran Al-Rahamneh ◽  
Roger Eston
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Arm Cranking ◽  
Constant Load Exercise

scholarly journals Effects of surgical face masks on cardiopulmonary parameters during steady state exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lässing ◽  
R. Falz ◽  
C. Pökel ◽  
S. Fikenzer ◽  
U. Laufs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Minimum ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Constant Load Exercise

AbstractWearing face masks reduce the maximum physical performance. Sports and occupational activities are often associated with submaximal constant intensities. This prospective crossover study examined the effects of medical face masks during constant-load exercise. Fourteen healthy men (age 25.7 ± 3.5 years; height 183.8 ± 8.4 cm; weight 83.6 ± 8.4 kg) performed a lactate minimum test and a body plethysmography with and without masks. They were randomly assigned to two constant load tests at maximal lactate steady state with and without masks. The cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses were monitored using impedance cardiography and ergo-spirometry. The airway resistance was two-fold higher with the surgical mask (SM) than without the mask (SM 0.58 ± 0.16 kPa l−1 vs. control [Co] 0.32 ± 0.08 kPa l−1; p < 0.01). The constant load tests with masks compared with those without masks resulted in a significantly different ventilation (77.1 ± 9.3 l min−1 vs. 82.4 ± 10.7 l min−1; p < 0.01), oxygen uptake (33.1 ± 5 ml min−1 kg−1 vs. 34.5 ± 6 ml min−1 kg−1; p = 0.04), and heart rate (160.1 ± 11.2 bpm vs. 154.5 ± 11.4 bpm; p < 0.01). The mean cardiac output tended to be higher with a mask (28.6 ± 3.9 l min−1 vs. 25.9 ± 4.0 l min−1; p = 0.06). Similar blood pressure (177.2 ± 17.6 mmHg vs. 172.3 ± 15.8 mmHg; p = 0.33), delta lactate (4.7 ± 1.5 mmol l−1 vs. 4.3 ± 1.5 mmol l−1; p = 0.15), and rating of perceived exertion (6.9 ± 1.1 vs. 6.6 ± 1.1; p = 0.16) were observed with and without masks. Surgical face masks increase airway resistance and heart rate during steady state exercise in healthy volunteers. The perceived exertion and endurance performance were unchanged. These results may improve the assessment of wearing face masks during work and physical training.

High Carbohydrate Diet Induces Faster Final Sprint and Overall 10,000-m Times of Young Runners

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Guimaraes Couto ◽  
Romulo Bertuzzi ◽  
Carla Caroline de Souza ◽  
Hessel Marani Lima ◽  
Maria Augusta Peduti Dal Molin Kiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Constant Load Exercise

This study analyzed the pacing employed by young runners in 10,000 m time-trials under 3 dietary regimens of different carbohydrate (CHO) intakes. Nineteen boys (13–18 years) ate either their normal CHO diet (56% CHO), high (70% CHO), or low (25% CHO) CHO diets for 48 hr; the boys then performed a 10,000 m run (crossover design). The high CHO diet led to faster final sprint (14.4 ± 2.2 km·h-1) and a better performance (50.0 ± 7.0 min) compared with the low CHO diet (13.3 ± 2.4 km·h-1 and 51.9 ± 8.3 min, respectively, p < .05). However, the final sprint and performance time in the high CHO or low CHO diets were statistically not significantly different from the normal CHO diet (13.8 ± 2.2 km·h-1 and 50.9 ± 7.4 min; p > .05). CHO oxidation rate during the constant load exercise at 65% of VO2max was elevated in high CHO diet (1.05 ± 0.38 g·min-1) compared with low CHO diet (0.63 ± 0.36 g·min-1). The rating of perceived exertion increased linearly throughout the trial, independently of the dietary regimen. In conclusion, the high CHO diet induced higher CHO oxidation rates, increased running speed in the final 400 m and enhanced overall running performance, compared with low CHO.

The effect of antecedent fatiguing activity on the relationship between perceived exertion and physiological activity during a constant load exercise task

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Eston ◽  
James Faulkner ◽  
Alan St Clair Gibson ◽  
Tim Noakes ◽  
Gaynor Parfitt
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Constant Load Exercise

scholarly journals Constant Load Exercise at Gas Exchange Threshold is Accompanied by a Distinct Elevation in Blood Lactate Level

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
kazuyuki kominami ◽  
Hirotaka Nishijima ◽  
Keiko Imahashi ◽  
Toko Katsuragawa ◽  
Mitsuyo Murakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
State Level ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Gas Exchange Threshold ◽  
Constant Load Exercise

Abstract Background: The gas exchange threshold (GET) is determined during incremental exercise (Inc-Ex) testing. It is generally considered to be a safe training intensity, with little or no elevation in blood lactate (BLa). However, actual exercise training at GET is carried out primarily as a constant load exercise (CL-Ex). The dynamics of BLa during CL-Ex at GET have not been studied. This study was conducted particularly among the elderly population. Methods: We recruited 20 healthy elderly individuals (H: age 69.4±6.8 years) and 10 patients with cardiovascular diseases or under medication for cardiovascular risk factors (P: age 73.0±8.8 years). On day 1, we determined GET during symptomatic maximal Inc-Ex. On day 2, CL-Ex at GET intensity was performed for 20 min. Arterialized blood lactate levels were determined. Results: The mean BLa at GET during Inc-Ex was 1.51±0.29 mmol/L in H and 1.78±0.42 mmol/L in P (p < 0.05). During CL-Ex, BLa increased significantly more than that at GET, reaching a steady state level of 2.65±1.56 (H) and 2.53±0.95 (P) mmol/L (ns), with a mean respiratory exchange ratio (RER) of 0.94±0.05 (H) and 0.93±0.05 (P) (ns). Oxygen uptake (VO2) also reached a steady state in all participants. All participants were able to complete CL-Ex with mean perceived exertion ratings (Borg/20) of 11.8±1.3 (H) and 12.2±1.3 (P) (ns). Conclusions: CL-Ex at GET occurred at distinctly increased BLa levels; however, BLa reached a steady state, together with VO2 and RER, indicating that exercise intensity was metabolically moderate.

scholarly journals Study on the Recognition of Exercise Intensity and Fatigue on Runners Based on Subjective and Objective Information

Healthcare ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Guozhong Chai ◽  
Yinghao Wang ◽  
Jianfeng Wu ◽  
Hongchun Yang ◽  
Zhichuan Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Mean Power Frequency ◽  
Time Frequency

A running exhaustion experiment was used to explore the correlations between the time-frequency domain indexes extracted from the surface electromyography (EMG) signals of targeted muscles, heart rate and exercise intensity, and subjective fatigue. The study made further inquiry into the feasibility of reflecting and evaluating the exercise intensity and fatigue effectively during running using physiological indexes, thus providing individualized guidance for running fitness. Twelve healthy men participated in a running exhaustion experiment with an incremental and constant load. The percentage of heart rate reserve (%HRR), mean power frequency (MPF) and root mean square (RMS) from surface EMG (sEMG) signals of the rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior muscle (TA), and the lateral head of gastrocnemius (GAL) were obtained in real-time. The data were processed and analyzed with the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale. The experimental results show that the MPF on all the muscles increased with time, but there was no significant correlation between MPF and RPE in both experiments. Additionally, there was no significant correlation between RMS and RPE of GAL and BF, but there was a negative correlation between RMS and RPE of RF. The correlation coefficient was lower in the constant load mode, with the value of only −0.301. The correlation between RMS and RPE of TA was opposite in both experiments. There was a significant linear correlation between %HRR and exercise intensity (r = 0.943). In the experiment, %HRR was significantly correlated with subjective exercise fatigue (r = 0.954). Based on the above results, the MPF and RMS indicators on the four targeted muscles could not conclusively identify fatigue of lower extremities during running. The %HRR could be used to identify exercise intensity and human fatigue during running and could be used as an indicator of recognizing fatigue and exercise intensity in runners.

Rating of Perceived Exertion, Heart Rate, and Oxygen Consumption in Adults with Multiple Sclerosis

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leona J. Holland ◽  
Marcel Bouffard ◽  
Denise Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Generalizability Theory ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Arm Cranking ◽  
Arm Ergometer ◽  
Arm Cranking Exercise

The reliability of oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) at three different workloads was examined during an arm cranking exercise task. Nine persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and confined to a wheelchair each performed two sessions of discontinuous, submaximal aerobic test on an arm ergometer. Comparisons of the test scores and generalizability theory were used to analyze the data. Both HR and VO2 were found to be reliable measures under the conditions used in this study. RPE at the same workloads was found to be rather unreliable. Overall, the use of RPE as an indicator of exercise intensity instead of HR appears to be unjustified by the results of this study. Therefore, practitioners who want a quick and efficient method of measuring exercise intensity should use HR instead of RPE for persons with multiple sclerosis.

The Relationship Between Rating of Perceived Exertion and Muscle Activity During Exhaustive Constant-Load Cycling

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Fontes ◽  
B. P. C. Smirmaul ◽  
F. Y. Nakamura ◽  
G. Pereira ◽  
A. H. Okano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Load Cycling ◽  
The Relationship

Hypnotic manipulation of effort sense during dynamic exercise: cardiovascular responses and brain activation

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 1392-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Williamson ◽  
R. McColl ◽  
D. Mathews ◽  
J. H. Mitchell ◽  
P. B. Raven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Dynamic Exercise ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Effort Sense ◽  
Constant Load Exercise

The purpose of this investigation was to hypnotically manipulate effort sense during dynamic exercise and determine whether cerebral cortical structures previously implicated in the central modulation of cardiovascular responses were activated. Six healthy volunteers (4 women, 2 men) screened for high hypnotizability were studied on 3 separate days during constant-load exercise under three hypnotic conditions involving cycling on a 1) perceived level grade, 2) perceived downhill grade, and 3) perceived uphill grade. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) distributions for several sites were compared across conditions using an analysis of variance. The suggestion of downhill cycling decreased both the RPE [from 13 ± 2 to 11 ± 2 (SD) units; P< 0.05] and rCBF in the left insular cortex and anterior cingulate cortex, but it did not alter exercise HR or BP responses. Perceived uphill cycling elicited significant increases in RPE (from 13 ± 2 to 14 ± 1 units), HR (+16 beats/min), mean BP (+7 mmHg), right insular activation (+7.7 ± 4%), and right thalamus activation (+9.2 ± 5%). There were no differences in rCBF for leg sensorimotor regions across conditions. These findings show that an increase in effort sense during constant-load exercise can activate both insular and thalamic regions and elevate cardiovascular responses but that decreases in effort sense do not reduce cardiovascular responses below the level required to sustain metabolic needs.

Use of Ratings of Perceived Exertion in Sports

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Eston
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
End Point ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of

The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is a recognized marker of intensity and of homeostatic disturbance during exercise. It is typically monitored during exercise tests to complement other measures of intensity. The purpose of this commentary is to highlight the remarkable value of RPE as a psychophysiological integrator in adults. It can be used in such diverse fashions as to predict exercise capacity, assess changes in training status, and explain changes in pace and pacing strategy. In addition to using RPE to self-regulate exercise, a novel application of the intensity:RPE relationship is to clamp RPE at various levels to produce self-paced bouts of exercise, which can be used to assess maximal functional capacity. Research also shows that the rate of increase in RPE during self-paced competitive events of varying distance, or constant-load tasks where the participant exercises until volitional exhaustion, is proportional to the duration that remains. These findings suggest that the brain regulates RPE and performance in an anticipatory manner based on awareness of metabolic reserves at the start of an event and certainty of the anticipated end point. Changes in pace may be explained by a continuous internal negotiation of momentary RPE compared with a preplanned “ideal rate of RPE progression” template, which takes into account the portion of distance covered and the anticipated end point. These observations have led to the development of new techniques to analyze the complex relationship of RPE and pacing. The use of techniques to assess frontal-cortex activity will lead to further advances in understanding.

scholarly journals Metabolic and performance responses to constant-load vs. variable-intensity exercise in trained cyclists

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1186-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry S. Palmer ◽  
Lars B. Borghouts ◽  
Timothy D. Noakes ◽  
John A. Hawley
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Variable Intensity

We studied glucose oxidation (Gluox) and glycogen degradation during 140 min of constant-load [steady-state (SS)] and variable-intensity (VI) cycling of the same average power output, immediately followed by a 20-km performance ride [time trial (TT)]. Six trained cyclists each performed four trials: two experimental bouts (SS and VI) in which muscle biopsies were taken before and after 140 min of exercise for determination of glycogen and periodic acid-Schiff’s staining; and two similar trials without biopsies but incorporating the TT. During two of the experimental rides, subjects ingested a 5 g/100 ml [U-14C]glucose solution to determine rates of Gluox. Values were similar between SS and VI trials: O2 consumption (3.08 ± 0.02 vs. 3.15 ± 0.03 l/min), energy expenditure (901 ± 40 vs. 904 ± 58 J ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1), heart rate (156 ± 1 vs. 160 ± 1 beats/min), and rating of perceived exertion (12.6 ± 0.6 vs. 12.7 ± 0.7). However, the area under the curve for plasma lactate concentration vs. time was significantly greater during VI than SS (29.1 ± 3.9 vs. 24.6 ± 3.7 mM/140 min; P = 0.03). VI resulted in a 49% reduction in total muscle glycogen utilization vs. 65% for SS, while total Gluoxwas higher (99.2 ± 5.3 vs. 83.9 ± 5.2 g/140 min; P < 0.05). The number of glycogen-depleted type I muscle fibers at the end of 140 min was 98% after SS but only 59% after VI. Conversely, the number of type II fibers that showed reduced periodic acid-Schiff’s staining was 1% after SS vs. 10% after VI. Despite these metabolic differences, subsequent TT performance was similar (29.14 ± 0.9 vs. 30.5 ± 0.9 min for SS vs. VI). These results indicate that whole body metabolic and cardiovascular responses to 140 min of either SS or VI exercise at the same average intensity are similar, despite differences in skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism and recruitment.

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