scholarly journals Heart rate variability is related to training load variables in interval running exercises

2011 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 829-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piia Kaikkonen ◽  
Esa Hynynen ◽  
Theresa Mann ◽  
Heikki Rusko ◽  
Ari Nummela
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Training Load

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability Responses to a Training Cycle in Female Youth Rowers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8391
Author(s):  
Rohan Edmonds ◽  
Julian Egan-Shuttler ◽  
Stephen J. Ives
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Function ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Training Cycle ◽  
And Training

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a reputable estimate of cardiac autonomic function used across multiple athletic populations to document the cardiac autonomic responses to sport demands. However, there is a knowledge gap of HRV responses in female youth rowers. Thus, the purpose of this study was to measure HRV weekly, over a 15-week training period, covering pre-season and up to competition in youth female rowers, in order to understand the physiological response to long-term training and discern how fluctuations in HRV may relate to performance in this population. Measures of heart rate and heart rate variability were recorded before training each Friday over the monitoring period in seven athletes. Analysis of heart rate variability focused on time domain indices, the standard deviation of all normal to normal R–R wave intervals, and the root mean square of successive differences as markers of cardiac parasympathetic modulation. Training load was quantified by multiplying the rating of perceived exertion of the weeks training and training duration. A decrease was identified in cardiac parasympathetic modulation as the season progressed (Effect Size (Cohen’s d) = −0.34 to −0.8, weeks 6 and 11–15), despite no significant relationship between training load and heart rate variability. Factors outside of training may further compound the reduction in heart rate variability, with further monitoring of external stressors (e.g., school) in adolescent athletes.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability and Direct Current Measurement Characteristics in Professional Mixed Martial Arts Athletes

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Joseph O. C. Coyne ◽  
Aaron J. Coutts ◽  
Roman Fomin ◽  
Duncan N. French ◽  
Robert U. Newton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Daily Training ◽  
Training Signal ◽  
Direct Current Measurement

This study’s purpose was to examine heart rate variability (HRV) and direct current potential (DC) measures’ sensitivity and correlations between changes in the acute recovery and stress scale (ARSS) and the previous day’s training load. Training load, HRV, DC and ARSS data were collected from fourteen professional mixed martial arts athletes (32.6 ± 5.3 years, 174.8 ± 8.8 cm, 79.2 ± 17.5 kg) the following morning after hard, easy and rest days. Sensitivity was expressed as a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR, inter-day typical error (TE) or coefficient of variation (%CV) divided by intra-day TE or %CV). Correlations between HRV, DC and ARSS with training load were also examined. The SNRs for the various HRV and DC measures were acceptable to good (1.02–2.85). There was a 23.1% CV average increase between measures taken between different locations versus the same location. Training load changes were not correlated with HRV/DC but were correlated with ARSS stress variables. Practitioners should be aware of HRV/DC variability; however the daily training signal was greater than the test-retest error in this investigation. Upon awakening, HRV/DC measures appear superior for standardization and planning. HRV and DC measures were less sensitive to the previous day’s training load than ARSS measures.

scholarly journals HIIT Models in Addition to Training Load and Heart Rate Variability Are Related With Physiological and Performance Adaptations After 10-Weeks of Training in Young Futsal Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando de Souza Campos ◽  
Fernando Klitzke Borszcz ◽  
Lucinar Jupir Forner Flores ◽  
Lilian Keila Barazetti ◽  
Anderson Santiago Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Peak Speed ◽  
Shuttle Run

IntroductionThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of two high-intensity interval training (HIIT) shuttle-run-based models, over 10 weeks on aerobic, anaerobic, and neuromuscular parameters, and the association of the training load and heart rate variability (HRV) with the change in the measures in young futsal players.MethodsEleven young male futsal players (age: 18.5 ± 1.1 years; body mass: 70.5 ± 5.7 kg) participated in this study. This pre-post study design was performed during a typical 10 weeks training period. HIIT sessions were conducted at 86% (HIIT86; n = 6) and 100% (HIIT100; n = 5) of peak speed of the FIET. Additionally, friendly and official matches, technical-tactical and strength-power training sessions were performed. Before and after the training period, all players performed the FIET, treadmill incremental, repeated sprint ability (RSA), sprint 15-m, and vertical jump tests (CMJ and SJ), and the HRV was measured. Training load (TL) was monitored using the session rating of perceived effort. Data analysis was carried out using Bayesian inference methods.ResultsThe HIIT86 model showed clear improvements for the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), peak speed in the treadmill incremental test, first and second ventilatory thresholds, RSA best and mean times, CMJ, and SJ. The HIIT100 model presented distinct advances in VO2peak, peak speed in the treadmill incremental test, RSA mean time, and CMJ. Between HIIT models comparisons showed more favorable probabilities of improvement for HIIT86 than HIIT100 model in all parameters. TL data and HIIT models strongly explained the changes in the RSA mean and best times (R2 = 0.71 and 0.87, respectively), as well as HRV changes, and HIIT models explained positively VO2peak changes (R2 = 0.72). All other changes in the parameters were low to moderately explained.ConclusionThe HIIT86 proved to be more effective for improving aerobic, RSA, and neuromuscular parameters than HIIT100 during a typical 10-week futsal training period. So, strength and conditioning specialists prescribing shuttle-run intermittent exercises at submaximal intensities can manage the individual acceleration load imposed on athlete increasing or decreasing either the set duration or the frequency of change of direction during HIIT programming.

The Effects of an Intensive 2-wk Resistance Training Period on Strength Performance and Nocturnal Heart Rate Variability

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1448-1454
Author(s):  
Piia Kaikkonen ◽  
Esa Hynynen ◽  
Arto Hautala ◽  
Juha P. Ahtiainen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Leg Press

Purpose: It is known that modifying the endurance-type training load of athletes may result in altered cardiac autonomic modulation that may be estimated with heart rate variability (HRV). However, the specific effects of intensive resistance-type training remain unclear. The main aim of this study was to find out whether an intensive 2-wk resistance training period affects the nocturnal HRV and strength performance of healthy participants. Methods: Young healthy men (N = 13, age 24 [2] y) performed 2-wk baseline training, 2-wk intensive training, and a 9-d tapering periods, with 2, 5, and 2 hypertrophic whole-body resistance exercise sessions per week, respectively. Maximal isometric and dynamic strength were tested at the end of these training periods. Nocturnal HRV was also analyzed at the end of these training periods. Results: As a main finding, the nocturnal root mean square of differences of successive R-R intervals decreased (P = .004; from 49 [18] to 43 [15] ms; 95% CI, 2.4–10.4; effect size = 0.97) during the 2-wk intensive resistance training period. In addition, maximal isometric strength improved slightly (P = .045; from 3933 [1362] to 4138 [1540] N; 95% CI, 5.4–404; effect size = 0.60). No changes were found in 1-repetition-maximum leg press or leg press repetitions at 80% 1-repetition maximum. Conclusions: The present data suggest that increased training load due to a short-term intensive resistance training period can be detected by nocturnal HRV. However, despite short-term accumulated physiological stress, a tendency of improvement in strength performance was detected.

Heart Rate Variability as Biomarker of Training Load in Professional Soccer Players

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 842-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier J. Vilamitjana ◽  
Néstor A. Lentini ◽  
Mario F. Perez ◽  
Pablo E. Verde
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Soccer

Relation between heart rate variability and training load in middle-distance runners

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1729-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent PICHOT ◽  
Fr??d??ric ROCHE ◽  
Jean-Michel GASPOZ ◽  
Franck ENJOLRAS ◽  
Anestis ANTONIADIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
And Training

Effects of increased training load on vagal-related indexes of heart rate variability: a novel sleep approach

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (6) ◽  
pp. H2813-H2818 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Buchheit ◽  
C. Simon ◽  
F. Piquard ◽  
J. Ehrhart ◽  
G. Brandenberger
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Lower Heart Rate ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Recording Conditions ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Better Than

There is little doubt that moderate training improves cardiac vagal activity and thus has a cardioprotective effect against lethal arrhythmias. Our purpose was to learn whether a higher training load would further increase this beneficial effect. Cardiac autonomic control was inferred from heart rate variability (HRV) and analyzed in three groups of young subjects (24.5 ± 3.0 yr) with different training states in a period free of stressful stimuli or overload. HRV was analyzed in 5-min segments during slow-wave sleep (SWS, a parasympathetic state that offers high electrocardiographic stationarity) and compared with data collected during quiet waking periods in the morning. Sleep parameters, fatigue, and stress levels checked by questionnaire were identical for all three groups with no signs of overtraining in the highly trained (HT) participants. During SWS, a significant ( P < 0.05) increase in absolute and normalized vagal-related HRV indexes was observed in moderately trained (MT) individuals compared with sedentary (Sed) subjects; this increase did not persist in HT athletes. During waking periods, most of the absolute HRV indexes indistinctly increased in MT individuals compared with controls ( P < 0.05) but did not increase in HT athletes. Normalized spectral HRV indexes did not change significantly among the three groups. Heart rate was similar for MT and Sed subjects but was significantly ( P < 0.05) lower in HT athletes under both recording conditions. These results indicate that SWS discriminates the state of sympathovagal balance better than waking periods. A moderate training load is sufficient to increase vagal-related HRV indexes. However, in HT individuals, despite lower heart rate, vagal-related HRV indexes return to Sed values even in the absence of competition, fatigue, or overload.

Training-Load-Guided vs Standardized Endurance Training in Recreational Runners

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Schumann ◽  
Javier Botella ◽  
Laura Karavirta ◽  
Keijo Häkkinen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Recreational Runners

Purpose:To compare the effects of a standardized endurance-training program with individualized endurance training modified based on the cumulative training load provided by the Polar training-load feature.Methods:After 12 wk of similar training, 24 recreationally endurance-trained men were matched to a training-load-guided (TL, n = 10) or standardized (ST, n = 14) group and continued training for 12 wk. In TL, training sessions were individually chosen daily based on an estimated cumulative training load, whereas in ST the training was standardized with 4–6 sessions/wk. Endurance performance (shortest 1000-m running time during an incremental field test of 6 × 1000 m) and heart-rate variability (HRV) were measured every 4 wk, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was measured during an incremental treadmill test every 12 wk.Results:During weeks 1–12, similar changes in VO2max and 1000-m time were observed in TL (+7% ± 4%, P = .004 and –6% ± 4%, P = .069) and ST (+5% ± 7%, P = .019 and –8% ± 5%, P < .001). During wk 13–24, VO2max statistically increased in ST only (3% ± 4%, P = .034). The 1000-m time decreased in TL during wk 13–24 (–9% ± 5%, P = .011), but in ST only during wk 13–20 (–3% ± 2%, P = .003). The overall changes in VO2max and 1000-m time during wk 0–24 were similar in TL (+7% ± 4%, P = .001 and –9% ± 5%, P = .011) and ST (+10% ± 7%, P < .001 and –13% ± 5%, P < .001). No between-groups differences in total training volume and frequency were observed. HRV remained statistically unaltered in both groups.Conclusions:The main finding was that training performed according to the cumulative training load led to improvements in endurance performance similar to those with standardized endurance training in recreational endurance runners.

scholarly journals No evidence of association between HRV and training load in a pool of professional athletes before, during, and after the first COVID-19 lockdown.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Javaloyes ◽  
Daniele Marinazzo ◽  
Daniel Sanabria ◽  
Manuel Moya-Ramón ◽  
José Ramón Lillo-Bevia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
And Training

PURPOSE: The COVID-19 crisis also affected elite sport severely, as elite athletes either stopped or drastically reduced their training regimen due to the lack of competitions and the mandatory lockdown. The aim of this study was to test whether heart rate variability was a reliable index of training load, which was dramatically altered due to the mandatory lockdown that occurred as a consequence of the COVID-19. METHODS: Training (volume and intensity) and heart rate variability of sixteen professional male (n = 8; body mass index = 22.2 ± 2.0) and female cyclists (n = 8; body mass index = 20.3 ± 1.1) before (4 weeks), during (7 weeks), and after (4 weeks) the mandatory lockdown in Spain were monitored. RESULTS: Individual analyses showed that the mandatory lockdown caused reliable reductions in training volume in 13 subjects (-96 to -7 % reductions in minutes), that were followed by an increase after the lockdown in all subjects (5 to 270%). In contrast, changes in training load were not homogenous across individuals. Moreover, such changes were not matched by comparable variations in heart rate variability. A mixed model of the heart rate variability as a function of training volume and intensity revealed no significant modulation by these two variables, and subject specific effects on the slope. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we did not find evidence of association between heart rate variability and training load and/or intensity as many previous reports have suggested, even if training conditions changed dramatically overnight.

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