Biochemical profile in mixed martial arts athletes

The study aimed to evaluate changes in selected biochemical indicators among mixed martial arts competitors in subsequent periods of the training cycle. The research involved 12 mixed martial arts athletes aged 25.8 ± 4.2 years competing in the intermediate category. Selected somatic indicators were measured twice. Biochemical indicators were assessed five times during the 14-week study period. Serum concentrations of testosterone, cortisol, uric acid, myoglobin, total protein, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor, as well as creatine kinase activity were determined. One hour after sparring completion, there were significant increases in cortisol (by 54.9%), uric acid (22.0%), myoglobin (565.0%), and interleukin 6 (280.3%) as compared with the values before the simulated fight. The highest creatine kinase activity (893.83 ± 139.31 U/l), as well as tumor necrosis factor (3.93 ± 0.71 pg/ml) and testosterone (5.83 ± 0.81 ng/ml) concentrations (p = 0.00) were recorded 24 hours after the simulation. Systematic observation of selected blood biochemical indicators in the training process periodization in mixed martial arts helps understand adaptive, compensatory, and regenerative mechanisms occurring in training athletes.

Functional Reaction of the Cardiovascular System to Irritation of Vestibular Receptors in Students Engaged in Different Types of Martial Arts

Regular dosed physical activity in all cases has a tonic and healing effect on a person. Feasible muscle activity helps to improve the function of the heart, lungs, blood vessels and the nervous system. In martial arts, the reactivity of the vestibular apparatus is of great importance, providing the flow of information about the current position of the body in space, the success of movement in it and maintaining the stability of the posture due to the effective redistribution of muscle tone. Purpose of the work: to find out the dependence of the reaction of the cardiovascular system to the arising vestibular irritation in different types of martial arts. Martial arts classes help to increase the degree of vestibular stability. The statokinetic stability is very pronounced and increases in the course of hand-to-hand combat, which has a lot of moments with different severity of angular accelerations. The peculiarities of motor activity in any kind of martial arts inevitably affect the peculiarities of the reaction to the test with a change in the position of the head.

Aggressiveness in Judokas and Team Athletes: Predictive Value of Personality Traits, Emotional Intelligence and Self-Efficacy

Combat sports and martial arts are often associated with aggressiveness among the general public, although data on judo and/or martial arts and aggressiveness seem to be unclear. This research aims to compare athletes who have trained judo for a prolonged time (minimum 5 years) and athletes from various team sports, primarily regarding the manifestation of aggression, but also regarding personality traits, emotional intelligence, and self-efficacy. Also, the potential predictive value of personality traits, emotional intelligence, and self-efficacy for aggression within subsamples of judokas and team athletes was tested. The research findings showed that professional judo athletes are characterized by a low degree of aggression, especially low indirect and physical manifestations of aggression. In addition, the personality traits Honesty-Humility and Openness to experience are well expressed, contrary to Emotionality and Extraversion, which are less pronounced. They are also characterized by moderate general self-efficacy. On the other hand, members of team sports produced the opposite results, as they are characterized by increased aggression, pronounced traits of Emotionality and Extraversion, somewhat less pronounced traits of Honesty-Humility, Openness to new experience, and less pronounced general self-efficacy. The percentage of explained variability of aggression is slightly higher in the subsample of team sports and constitutes 49.9% of the variability, while in the subsample of judokas it constitutes 47.8% of the variability of the criteria. Practical implications, limitations, and future research directions were discussed.

Multiclass Interactive Martial Arts Teaching Optimization Method Based on Euclidean Distance

Aiming at the problems of low optimization accuracy, poor optimization effect, and long running time in current teaching optimization algorithms, a multiclass interactive martial arts teaching optimization method based on the Euclidean distance is proposed. Using the K-means algorithm, the initial population is divided into several subgroups based on the Euclidean distance, so as to effectively use the information of the population neighborhood and strengthen the local search ability of the algorithm. Imitating the school's selection of excellent teachers to guide students with poor performance, after the “teaching” stage, the worst individual in each subgroup will learn from the best individual in the population, and the information interaction in the evolutionary process will be enhanced, so that the poor individuals will quickly move closer to the best individuals. According to different learning levels and situations of students, different teaching stages and contents are divided, mainly by grade, supplemented by different types of learning groups in the form of random matching, so as to improve the learning ability of members with weak learning ability in each group, which effectively guarantees the diversity of the population and realizes multiclass interactive martial arts teaching optimization. Experimental results show that the optimization effect of the proposed method is better, which can effectively improve the accuracy of algorithm optimization and shorten the running time of the algorithm.

Pengembangan Alat Tes Spinning Iron Untuk Latihan Kecepatan Pukulan Ukm Beladiri Upgri

Development of Spinning Iron Tool for Martial Arts Punch Speed ??Training. Faculty of Social Sciences and Sports Education. PGRI University in Semarang. 2021. This research is motivated by players who are less interested in participating in training, because the training system is too ordinary so that they feel bored and there is no multifunctional tool that can be used for martial arts. Therefore, the researcher aims to develop a spinning iron tool for training the speed of a martial arts stroke as a multifunctional training aid that can be used for martial arts training. This research is a research development or Research and Development (R&D). This research was conducted in several steps, namely: potential problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product testing, product revision, usage testing. The development of the spinning iron tool for martial arts stroke speed training was previously validated by material experts, media experts and 6 athletes for small-scale trials, 20 large-scale trial athletes. The subject of this research is the UKM martial arts, University of PGRI Semarang. Data collection techniques used in this study using an instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The data analysis technique of this research is descriptive qualitative and percentage descriptive quantitative. The results showed that the spinning iron tool was very suitable to be used as a game sports training aid. These results were obtained from the latest validation results of a) material expert at 87.5% or very feasible; b) media experts 95% or very feasible; c) field trial athletes of 90.2% or very feasible. Thus, the conclusion is that the spinning iron tool for martial arts stroke speed training has been declared very suitable for use as a martial arts training aid.

Fitness Of West Kalimantan Martial Arts PON Athletes: Independent Limited Exercise During Covid-19

Fitness is the ability and ability of the body to adjust to physical loading without significant fatigue. Physical activity is one way to create endurance and a fit body. Good endurance is very much needed by martial arts athletes, especially during this Covid-19 period, both in the daily training process and when competing. This study aims to analyze and determine the fitness level of athletes in martial arts during limited independent training, using a survey method in the form of descriptive research. The population is PON 2021 West Kalimantan athletes in martial sports, using a total sampling technique where the sample used is all athletes PON XX 2021 West Kalimantan in martial arts, totaling 12 athletes. The results of the fitness item test found that the average endurance ability was 42.69 (very poor category), average speed was 5.04 (poor category), average agility was 14.38 (enough category), average balance was 14.38 (enough category), average flexibility 18.59 (very good category). The conclusion from this study still needs special attention, especially in fixing some of the supporting elements of fitness that are still not in good condition, with a poor level of fitness it will have an impact on health, especially during the Covid-19 period so that it can affect the athlete's performance.

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Aplikasi Tentang Variasi Permainan Pencak Silat Berbasis Aplikasi Articulate Storyline

The purpose of this study is to develop a learning media product application of variations in the game of pencak silat for the fourth grade primary school KKG PJOK in Kedungkandang District, Malang City. This research uses the Research and Development method. The results of the learning expert evaluation were 73 percent, the media expert evaluation results were 96 percent, the game expert analysis results were 96 percent, the PJOK expert analysis results were 75 percent, the results of the analysis of the martial arts expert obtained 89 percent, the results of small group trials were obtained 84 percent and the results of large group trials were obtained 86 percent. Based on these results, it is concluded that products produced are stated to have accuracy, attractiveness, suitability, ease, clarity, and effectiveness for use. Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah yaitu mengembangkan sebuah produk media pembelajaran aplikasi tentang variasi permainan pencak silat untuk KKG PJOK Sekolah Dasar kelas IV di Kecamatan Kedungkandang Kota Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development atau penelitian pengembangan. Hasil dari evaluasi pembelajaran diperoleh 73 persen, hasil dari evaluasi ahli media diperoleh 96 persen, hasil analisis ahli permainan diperoleh 96 persen, hasil analisis ahli PJOK diperoleh 75 persen, hasil analisis ahli pencak silat diperoleh 89 persen, hasil dari uji coba kelompok kecil diperoleh 84 persen dan hasil uji coba kelompok besar diperoleh 86 persen. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut disimpulkan bahwa produk yang dihasilkan dinyatakan memiliki ketepatan, kemenarikan, kesesuaian, kemudahan, kejelasan, dan keefektifan untuk digunakan.