Training-Load-Guided vs Standardized Endurance Training in Recreational Runners

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Schumann ◽  
Javier Botella ◽  
Laura Karavirta ◽  
Keijo Häkkinen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Recreational Runners

Purpose:To compare the effects of a standardized endurance-training program with individualized endurance training modified based on the cumulative training load provided by the Polar training-load feature.Methods:After 12 wk of similar training, 24 recreationally endurance-trained men were matched to a training-load-guided (TL, n = 10) or standardized (ST, n = 14) group and continued training for 12 wk. In TL, training sessions were individually chosen daily based on an estimated cumulative training load, whereas in ST the training was standardized with 4–6 sessions/wk. Endurance performance (shortest 1000-m running time during an incremental field test of 6 × 1000 m) and heart-rate variability (HRV) were measured every 4 wk, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was measured during an incremental treadmill test every 12 wk.Results:During weeks 1–12, similar changes in VO2max and 1000-m time were observed in TL (+7% ± 4%, P = .004 and –6% ± 4%, P = .069) and ST (+5% ± 7%, P = .019 and –8% ± 5%, P < .001). During wk 13–24, VO2max statistically increased in ST only (3% ± 4%, P = .034). The 1000-m time decreased in TL during wk 13–24 (–9% ± 5%, P = .011), but in ST only during wk 13–20 (–3% ± 2%, P = .003). The overall changes in VO2max and 1000-m time during wk 0–24 were similar in TL (+7% ± 4%, P = .001 and –9% ± 5%, P = .011) and ST (+10% ± 7%, P < .001 and –13% ± 5%, P < .001). No between-groups differences in total training volume and frequency were observed. HRV remained statistically unaltered in both groups.Conclusions:The main finding was that training performed according to the cumulative training load led to improvements in endurance performance similar to those with standardized endurance training in recreational endurance runners.

scholarly journals Tracking Changes in Maximal Oxygen Consumption with the Heart Rate Index in Female Collegiate Soccer Players

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Esco ◽  
Ronald L. Snarr ◽  
Andrew Flatt ◽  
Matthew Leatherwood ◽  
Adam Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Maximal Exercise Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Training Protocol

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if the HRindex Method (VO2max = [6 x HRindex - 5] x 3.5, where HRindex = HRmax/HRrest) was accurate for tracking changes in VO2max following 8-weeks of endurance training among collegiate female soccer players. Predicted VO2max via the HRindex Method and observed VO2max from a maximal exercise test on a treadmill were determined for a group of female soccer athletes (n = 15) before and following an 8-week endurance training protocol. The predicted (pVO2max) and observed (aVO2max) values were compared at baseline and within 1-week post-training. Change values (i.e., the difference between pre to post) for each variable were also determined and compared. There was a significant difference between aVO2max before (43.2 ± 2.8 ml.kg.min-1) and following (46.2 ± 2.1 ml.kg.min-1) the 8-week training program (p < 0.05). However, pVO2max did not significantly change following training (pre = 43.4 ± 4.6 ml.kg.min-1, post = 42.9 ± 4.1 ml.kg.min-1, p = 0.53). Furthermore, the correlation between the change in aVO2max and the change in pVO2max was trivial and non-significant (r = 0.30, p = 0.28). The HRindex Method does not appear to be suitable for predicting changes in VO2max following 8-weeks of endurance training in female collegiate soccer players

scholarly journals Caffeine effects on velocity selection and physiological responses during RPE production

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1077-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Green ◽  
Alyssa Olenick ◽  
Caroline Eastep ◽  
Lee Winchester
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Velocity Selection

Caffeine (CAF) blunts estimated ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) but the effects on RPE production are unclear. This study examined effects of acute caffeine ingestion during treadmill exercise where participants exercised at prescribed RPE 4 and 7. Recreational runners (maximal oxygen consumption = 51.4 ± 9.8 mL·kg−1·min−1) (n = 16) completed a maximal treadmill test followed by trials where they selected treadmill velocity (VEL) (1% grade) to produce RPE 4 and RPE 7 (10 min each). RPE production trials followed CAF (6 mg·kg−1) or placebo (PLA) (counterbalanced) ingestion. Participants were blinded to treadmill VEL but the Omni RPE scale was in full view. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed a main effect (trial) for VEL (CAF ∼5 m·min−1 faster) for RPE 4 (p = 0.07) and RPE 7 (p = 0.03). Mean heart rate and oxygen consumption responses were consistently higher for CAF but failed to reach statistical significance. Individual responses to CAF were labeled positive using a criterion of 13.4 m·min−1 faster for CAF (vs. PLA). Ten of 32 trials (31%) were positive responses. In these, systematic increases were observed for heart rate (∼12 beats·min−1) and oxygen consumption (∼5.7 mL·kg−1·min−1). Blunted/stable respiratory exchange ratio values at higher VEL for positive responders suggest increased free fatty acid reliance during CAF. In conlusion, mean results show a mild effect of CAF during RPE production. However, individual responses more clearly indicate whether a true effect is possible. Trainers and individuals should consider individual responses to ensure effectively intensity regulation.

scholarly journals No evidence of association between HRV and training load in a pool of professional athletes before, during, and after the first COVID-19 lockdown.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Javaloyes ◽  
Daniele Marinazzo ◽  
Daniel Sanabria ◽  
Manuel Moya-Ramón ◽  
José Ramón Lillo-Bevia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
And Training

PURPOSE: The COVID-19 crisis also affected elite sport severely, as elite athletes either stopped or drastically reduced their training regimen due to the lack of competitions and the mandatory lockdown. The aim of this study was to test whether heart rate variability was a reliable index of training load, which was dramatically altered due to the mandatory lockdown that occurred as a consequence of the COVID-19. METHODS: Training (volume and intensity) and heart rate variability of sixteen professional male (n = 8; body mass index = 22.2 ± 2.0) and female cyclists (n = 8; body mass index = 20.3 ± 1.1) before (4 weeks), during (7 weeks), and after (4 weeks) the mandatory lockdown in Spain were monitored. RESULTS: Individual analyses showed that the mandatory lockdown caused reliable reductions in training volume in 13 subjects (-96 to -7 % reductions in minutes), that were followed by an increase after the lockdown in all subjects (5 to 270%). In contrast, changes in training load were not homogenous across individuals. Moreover, such changes were not matched by comparable variations in heart rate variability. A mixed model of the heart rate variability as a function of training volume and intensity revealed no significant modulation by these two variables, and subject specific effects on the slope. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we did not find evidence of association between heart rate variability and training load and/or intensity as many previous reports have suggested, even if training conditions changed dramatically overnight.

Influence of Training Load and Altitude on Heart Rate Variability Fatigue Patterns in Elite Nordic Skiers

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 773-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Schmitt ◽  
Jacques Regnard ◽  
Nicolas Coulmy ◽  
Gregoire Millet
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Zone Ii ◽  
Load Intensity ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWe aimed to analyse the relationship between training load/intensity and different heart rate variability (HRV) fatigue patterns in 57 elite Nordic-skiers. 1063 HRV tests were performed during 5 years. R-R intervals were recorded in resting supine (SU) and standing (ST) positions. Heart rate, low (LF), high (HF) frequency powers of HRV were determined. Training volume, training load (TL, a.u.) according to ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) and VT2 were measured in zones I≤VT1; VT1<II≤VT2; III>VT2, IV for strength. TL was performed at 81.6±3.5% in zone I, 0.9±0.9% in zone II, 5.0±3.6% in zone III, 11.6±6.3% in zone IV. 172 HRV tests matched a fatigue state and four HRV fatigue patterns (F) were statistically characterized as F(HF-LF-)SU_ST for 121 tests, F(LF+SULF-ST) for 18 tests, F(HF-SUHF+ST) for 26 tests and F(HF+SU) for 7 tests. The occurrence of fatigue states increased substantially with the part of altitude training time (r2=0.52, p<0.001). This study evidenced that there is no causal relationship between training load/intensity and HRV fatigue patterns. Four fatigue-shifted HRV patterns were sorted. Altitude training periods appeared critical as they are likely to increase the overreaching risks.

The Role of Aerobic Fitness on Session Rating of Perceived Exertion in Futsal Players

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius F. Milanez ◽  
Rafael E. Pedro ◽  
Alexandre Moreira ◽  
Daniel A. Boullosa ◽  
Fuad Salle-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Total Period

Purpose:The aim of this study was to verify the influence of aerobic fitness (VO2max) on internal training loads, as measured by the session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) method.Methods:Nine male professional outfeld futsal players were monitored for 4 wk of the in-season period with regards to the weekly accumulated session-RPE, while participating in the same training sessions. Single-session-RPE was obtained from the product of a 10-point RPE scale and the duration of exercise. Maximal oxygen consumption was determined during an incremental treadmill test.Results:The average training load throughout the 4 wk period varied between 2,876 and 5,035 arbitrary units. Technical-tactical sessions were the predominant source of loading. There was a significant correlation between VO2max (59.6 ± 2.5 mL·kg–1 ·min–1) and overall training load accumulated over the total period (r = –0.75).Conclusions:The VO2max plays a key role in determining the magnitude of an individual’s perceived exertion during futsal training sessions.

Is heart rate variability actually a reliable index of training? Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Javaloyes ◽  
Daniel Sanabria ◽  
Manuel Moya-Ramón ◽  
Jose R. Lillo-Bevia ◽  
Manuel Mateo March
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Reliable Index ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

PURPOSE: The COVID-19 crisis also affected elite sport severely, as elite athletes either stopped or drastically reduced their training regimen due to the lack of competitions and the mandatory lockdown. The aim of this study was to test whether heart rate variability was a reliable index of training load, which was dramatically altered due to the mandatory lockdown that occurred as a consequence of the COVID-19. METHODS: Training (volume and intensity) and heart rate variability of sixteen professional male (n = 8; body mass index = 22.2 ± 2.0) and female cyclists (n = 8; body mass index = 20.3 ± 1.1) before (4 weeks), during (7 weeks), and after (4 weeks) the mandatory lockdown were monitored. RESULTS: Individual analyses showed that the mandatory lockdown caused reliable reductions in training volume in 13 subjects (-96 to -7 % reductions in minutes), that were followed by an increase after the lockdown in all subjects (5 to 270%). In contrast, changes in training intensity were not homogenous across individuals. Crucially, changes in heart rate variability neither follow training load nor intensity at the individual level. CONCLUSIONS: Heart rate variability did not seem to be a reliable proxy of training load and/or intensity as many previous reports have suggested, even if training conditions changed dramatically overnight.

scholarly journals Age-Related Change in Heart Rate Variability at Resting in Thai Professional Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maninthorn Thabsuwan ◽  
Therdtham Chawrai ◽  
Chaladol Boonsri ◽  
Tepmanas Bupha-Intr
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Potential Marker

Background: Although regular exercise is beneficially acknowledged in promoting general health status, the cardiovascular risk of sudden cardiac death in highly training athletes has been reported. Unfortunately, the primary key factor in inducing cardiac problems in athletic populations is still questioned. Objectives: In the present study, we aim to determine factors that could affect the relationship between physical activity level and cardiac autonomic function in the Thai population. Methods: Forty participants were recruited and classified into three groups based on their physical activity level and sport profession, including sedentary men, elite handball players, and professional futsal players. In all participants, we measured predicted maximal oxygen consumption, time- and frequency- domain heart rate variability (HRV) variables at rest. Results: Results demonstrated a positive correlation between time-domain HRV and estimated maximal oxygen consumption, but not with frequency-domain HRV, in which athletes aged lower than 25 years old (18 - 25 years old) had a significantly higher in the standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD) than that in age-matched sedentary subjects. Interestingly, athletes aged above 25 years old (25 - 32 years old) had lower SDNN and RMSSD with higher low frequency/high-frequency ratio than those athletes aged under 25. Since all athletes aged above 25 years old were world-class national futsal players, stress due to the competitive level might be another factor influencing cardiac autonomic activity in athletes. Conclusions: In conclusion, the study suggested the importance of age and stress exposure on cardiac autonomic regulation in elite athletes. The observed correlation also reinforced HRV as a potential marker in detecting abnormal changes in cardiac health even in an athletic population.

scholarly journals Estimating maximal oxygen consumption from heart rate response to submaximal ramped treadmill test

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas I. Gonzales ◽  
Kate Westgate ◽  
Stefanie Hollidge ◽  
Tim Lindsay ◽  
Justin Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Termination Criteria ◽  
Using Data

AbstractThe Cambridge Ramped Treadmill Test (CRTT) is an incremental, multistage exercise test (I: steady-state walk, II: walk ramped speed, III: walk ramped incline, and IV: run ramped speed on flat). It is typically deployed as a submaximal test with flexible test termination criteria, making it an attractive option for population-based studies of cardiorespiratory fitness. We conducted a study in healthy adults to test the validity of maximal oxygen consumption estimates (VO2 max; ml O2·kg-1·min-1) predicted from CRTT heart rate response using several methods: a heart rate-to-work rate linear regression method across several test termination criteria, either when a percentage of age-predicted maximal heart rate was achieved (50% through 100%) or at the end of distinct CRTT stages (II, III, and IV); and two single-point walk-test calibration methods using data from either CRTT stage I (low-point method) or stage II (high-point method). For estimates from the linear regression method, prediction bias ranged from −3.0 to −1.6 ml O2·kg-1·min-1 and Pearson’s r ranged from 0.57 to 0.79 for endpoints at percentages of age-predicted maximal heart rate; results were similar for stages III and IV endpoints, but predictions using data only up to stage II had poorer agreement. Agreement was moderate when using the low-point (mean bias: −4.3 ml O2·kg-1·min-1; Pearson’s r: 0.71) and high-point (mean bias: −3.5 ml O2·kg-1·min-1; Pearson’s r: 0.69) methods. Heart rate response to the CRTT can be used to predict VO2max with acceptable validity in common epidemiological scenarios.

scholarly journals Relationships between Workload, Heart Rate Variability, and Performance in a Recreational Endurance Runner

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Daniel Boullosa ◽  
André R. Medeiros ◽  
Andrew A. Flatt ◽  
Michael R. Esco ◽  
Fabio Y. Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Endurance Runner ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sudden Reduction

Background: The association between heart rate variability (HRV), training load (TL), and performance is poorly understood. Methods: A middle-aged recreational female runner was monitored during a competitive 20-wk macrocycle divided into first (M1) and second mesocycle (M2) in which best performances over 10 km and 21 km were recorded. Volume (km), session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), TL, and monotony (mean TL/SD TL) were the workload parameters recorded. The root mean square of the successive differences in R-R intervals (RMSSD), its coefficient of variation (RMSSDcv), and the RMSSD:RR ratio were the HRV parameters monitored. Results: During M2, RMSSD (p = 0.006) and RMSSD:RR (p = 0.002) were significantly increased, while RR was significantly reduced (p = 0.017). Significant correlations were identified between monotony and volume (r = 0.552; p = 0.012), RR (r = 0.447; p = 0.048), and RMSSD:RR (r = −0.458; p = 0.042). A sudden reduction in RMSSD (from 40.31 to 24.34 ms) was observed the day before the first symptoms of an influenza. Conclusions: The current results confirm the practicality of concurrent HRV and sRPE monitoring in recreational runners, with the RMSSD:RR ratio indicative of specific adaptations. Excessive training volume may be associated to both elevated monotony and reduced RMSSD:RR. Identification of mesocycle patterns is recommended for better individualization of the periodization used.

Heart Rate Variability as a Predictor of Individual Adaptation to Endurance Training

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 888
Author(s):  
Ville Vesterinen ◽  
Keijo Häkkinen ◽  
Tanja Laine ◽  
Esa Hynynen ◽  
Jussi Mikkola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Endurance Training
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