Response to the comments “Do Maximal aerobic and anaerobic capacity start really to decrease after the fourth decade of life?” written by F Borrani, G Millet to the paper “Maximal aerobic power and anaerobic capacity in cycling across the age spectrum in male master athletes”

Purpose: To analyze best 1-h unaccompanied performances of master athletes in ages ranging from 35 to 105 y to estimate the decay of maximal aerobic power (MAP) across the spectrum of age. Methods: MAP at the various ages was estimated by computing the metabolic power () maintained to cover the distances during best 1-h unaccompanied performances established by master athletes of different classes of age and by assuming that they were able to maintain an equal to 88% of their MAP during 1 h of exhaustive exercise. Results: MAP started monotonically decreasing at 47 y of age. Thereafter, it showed an average rate of decrease of ∼14% for the decades up to 105 y of age, similar to other classes of master athletes. Conclusions: The results confirm, by extending the analysis to centennial subjects, that MAP seems to start declining from the middle of the 5th decade of age, with an average percentage decay that is faster than that traditionally reported, even when one maintains a very active lifestyle. The proposed approach may be applied to other types of human locomotion for which the relationship between speed and is known.

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Maximal aerobic power, lactate threshold, and running performance in master athletes

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1097/00005768-200006000-00021 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 1165-1170 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

ROBERT A. WISWELL ◽

S. VICTORIA JAQUE ◽

TAYLOR J. MARCELL ◽

STEVEN A. HAWKINS ◽

KYLE M. TARPENNING ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactate Threshold ◽

Aerobic Power ◽

Maximal Aerobic Power ◽

Master Athletes ◽

Running Performance

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The Reliability of Measuring Gross Efficiency During High-Intensity Cycling Exercise

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2018-0949 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 126-132

Author(s):

Richard Ebreo ◽

Louis Passfield ◽

James Hopker

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

High Intensity ◽

Aerobic Power ◽

Maximal Aerobic Power ◽

Limits Of Agreement ◽

Cycling Exercise ◽

Gross Efficiency ◽

Before And After ◽

Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of calculating gross efficiency (GE) conventionally and using a back extrapolation (BE) method during high-intensity exercise (HIE). Methods: A total of 12 trained participants completed 2 HIE bouts (P1 = 4 min at 80% maximal aerobic power [MAP]; P2 = 4 min at 100%MAP). GE was calculated conventionally in the last 3 minutes of submaximal (50%MAP) cycling bouts performed before and after HIE (Pre50%MAP and Post50%MAP). To calculate GE using BE (BGE), a linear regression of GE submaximal values post-HIE were back extrapolated to the end of the HIE bout. Results: BGE was significantly correlated with Post50%MAP GE in P1 (r = .63; P = .01) and in P2 (r = .85; P = .002). Reliability data for P1 and P2 BGE demonstrate a mean coefficient of variation of 7.8% and 9.8% with limits of agreement of 4.3% and 4.5% in relative GE units, respectively. P2 BGE was significantly lower than P2 Post50%MAP GE (18.1% [1.6%] vs 20.3% [1.7%]; P = .01). Using a declining GE from the BE method, there was a 44% greater anaerobic contribution compared with assuming a constant GE during 4-minute HIE at 100%MAP. Conclusion: HIE acutely reduced BGE at 100%MAP. A greater anaerobic contribution to exercise as well as excess postexercise oxygen consumption at 100%MAP may contribute to this decline in efficiency. The BE method may be a reliable and valid tool in both estimating GE during HIE and calculating aerobic and anaerobic contributions.

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Enhanced insulin sensitivity and lower waist-to-hip ratio in master athletes

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1995.268.3.e484 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 268 (3) ◽

pp. E484-E490 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R. E. Pratley ◽

J. M. Hagberg ◽

E. M. Rogus ◽

A. P. Goldberg

Keyword(s):

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Aerobic Power ◽

Maximal Aerobic Power ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Master Athletes ◽

Waist To Hip Ratio

The effect of long-term aerobic exercise training on insulin action was determined in older individuals by comparing insulin sensitivity and maximal responsiveness in 11 master athletes [63.5 +/- 1.9 (SE) yr] and 10 age- and body fat-matched sedentary individuals. Maximal aerobic power was higher and the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was lower in the athletes, but there were no differences in body weight, percent body fat, or fat-free mass between groups. Fasting plasma glucose levels and glucose and insulin responses during oral glucose tolerance tests were lower in the athletes. The insulin concentration producing a half-maximal increase in glucose disposal (EC50) during a three-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic glucose clamp was 41% lower in the athletes than in controls (483 +/- 30 vs. 822 +/- 132 pmol/l, P < 0.05), whereas maximal responsiveness was comparable (81.0 +/- 4.4 vs. 85.5 +/- 8.3 mumol.kg fat-free mass-1.min-1, P = not significant). The EC50 correlated with maximal aerobic power (r = -0.62, P < 0.01) and WHR (r = 0.52, P < 0.05), but in multiple regression analyses WHR was the only variable independently related to EC50. These results indicate that long-term aerobic exercise training is associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity and a lower WHR in older individuals. This finding suggests that regular aerobic exercise may prevent the age-associated increase in abdominal obesity and insulin resistance.

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Effects of different loading exercises on apelin levels and physical and hematologic parameters of swimmers

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1515/hmbci-2018-0070 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aykut Dundar ◽

Sayad Kocahan ◽

Cengiz Arslan

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Aerobic Power ◽

Anaerobic Power ◽

Anaerobic Capacity ◽

Physical Measurements ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different exercise loads (short, medium and long swimming distances) on apelin levels and some physical and hematologic parameters of male professional swimmers. Materials and methods Apelin levels, hematologic parameters, whole blood values and physical measurements, including body mass index (BMI), aerobic power values and anaerobic power values, were also obtained. Results It was determined that the thrombocyte, erythrocyte and leukocyte values from the hematologic parameters increased after exercise (p < 0.05). According to the results, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the pretest apelin level (2090.75 pg/mg) and the apelin levels taken after swimming M 200 m (4260.43 pg/mg) and after swimming L 400 m (3694.4 pg/mg). Conclusions The different exercise loads had significant effects on the hematologic parameters and apelin values in the swimmers. The study also determined the relationships between swimming exercises and aerobic and anaerobic capacity and BMI.

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A theoretical analysis of the effect of altitude on running performance

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1991.70.1.399 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 399-404 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

F. Peronnet ◽

G. Thibault ◽

D. L. Cousineau

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Analysis ◽

Sea Level ◽

Aerobic Power ◽

Energy Requirement ◽

Aerodynamic Resistance ◽

Average Power ◽

Anaerobic Capacity ◽

Maximal Aerobic Power ◽

Running Performance ◽

Average Speed

A theoretical analysis of the effect of altitude on running performance is presented using a mathematical model we have recently described and validated (J. Appl. Physiol. 67: 453–465, 1989). This model relates the average power output available over a given running time for a given combination of anaerobic capacity, maximal aerobic power, and endurance capability. For short sprinting distances, the contribution of aerobic metabolism to the energy requirement is small and the speed sustained is high. The reduction of maximal aerobic power with altitude is, thus, negligible, whereas the reduction of aerodynamic resistance is beneficial. Accordingly the performance steadily increases with altitude (e.g., average speed for 100 m at Mexico City is 101.9% of the average speed at sea level). On the other hand, the reduction in maximal aerobic power with altitude is associated with a reduction in performance over middle and long distances (800 m to marathon). For 400 m an improvement in performance is observed up to an altitude of approximately 2,400–2,500 m (average speed approximately 101.4% of sea level speed). Beyond this altitude the reduction in air density cannot compensate for the reduction in maximal aerobic power, and the performance deteriorates. Tables of performances equivalent to the current world records for selected altitudes ranging from 0 to 4,000 m are proposed.

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The Level of Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacity and the Results of a Special Mobility Fitness Test of Female Judo Contestants

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity ◽

10.2478/v10131-009-0012-y ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Beata Wolska ◽

Valerij Smulskij ◽

Władysław Jagiełło

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Capacity ◽

Fitness Test ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

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