Enhanced insulin sensitivity and lower waist-to-hip ratio in master athletes

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (3) ◽  
pp. E484-E490 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Pratley ◽  
J. M. Hagberg ◽  
E. M. Rogus ◽  
A. P. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Power ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Master Athletes ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio

The effect of long-term aerobic exercise training on insulin action was determined in older individuals by comparing insulin sensitivity and maximal responsiveness in 11 master athletes [63.5 +/- 1.9 (SE) yr] and 10 age- and body fat-matched sedentary individuals. Maximal aerobic power was higher and the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was lower in the athletes, but there were no differences in body weight, percent body fat, or fat-free mass between groups. Fasting plasma glucose levels and glucose and insulin responses during oral glucose tolerance tests were lower in the athletes. The insulin concentration producing a half-maximal increase in glucose disposal (EC50) during a three-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic glucose clamp was 41% lower in the athletes than in controls (483 +/- 30 vs. 822 +/- 132 pmol/l, P < 0.05), whereas maximal responsiveness was comparable (81.0 +/- 4.4 vs. 85.5 +/- 8.3 mumol.kg fat-free mass-1.min-1, P = not significant). The EC50 correlated with maximal aerobic power (r = -0.62, P < 0.01) and WHR (r = 0.52, P < 0.05), but in multiple regression analyses WHR was the only variable independently related to EC50. These results indicate that long-term aerobic exercise training is associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity and a lower WHR in older individuals. This finding suggests that regular aerobic exercise may prevent the age-associated increase in abdominal obesity and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Examining Bone, Muscle and Fat in Middle-Aged Long-Term Endurance Runners: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Ulrike H. Mitchell ◽  
Bruce Bailey ◽  
Patrick J. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Endurance Runners ◽  
Total Body

Aerobic exercise training has many known cardiovascular benefits that may promote healthy aging. It is not known if long-term aerobic exercise training is also associated with structural benefits (e.g., lower fat mass, higher areal bone mineral density (BMD) and greater muscle mass). We evaluated these parameters in middle-aged long-term endurance runners compared to sex-, age-, height-, and weight-matched non-running controls. Total and regional lean and fat mass and areal BMD were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sagittal magnetic resonance images captured the cross-sectional area and thickness of the lumbar multifidus. Runners (n = 10; all male) had a mean (standard deviation; SD) age of 49 (4) years, height of 178.9 (4.9) cm, weight of 67.8 (5.8) kg, body mass index (BMI) of 21.4 (1.4) kg/m2 and had been running 82.6 (27.9) km/week for 23 (13) years. Controls (n = 9) had a mean (SD) age of 51 (5) years, height of 176.0 (5.1) cm, weight of 72.8 (7.1) kg, and BMI of 23.7 (2.1) kg/m2. BMI was greater in controls (p = 0.010). When compared to controls on average, runners had a 10 percentage-point greater total body lean mass than controls (p = 0.001) and 14% greater trunk lean mass (p = 0.010), as well as less total body (8.6 kg; p < 0.001), arm (58%; p = 0.002), leg (52%; p < 0.001), trunk (73%; p < 0.001), android (91%; p < 0.001), and gynoid fat mass (64%; p < 0.001). No differences were observed between groups for BMD outcomes or multifidus size. These results underscore the benefits of endurance running to body composition that carry over to middle-age.

Maximal Aerobic Power in Aging Men: Insights From a Record of 1-Hour Unaccompanied Cycling

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Capelli
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Human Locomotion ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Power ◽  
Metabolic Power ◽  
Master Athletes ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Aging Men ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: To analyze best 1-h unaccompanied performances of master athletes in ages ranging from 35 to 105 y to estimate the decay of maximal aerobic power (MAP) across the spectrum of age. Methods: MAP at the various ages was estimated by computing the metabolic power () maintained to cover the distances during best 1-h unaccompanied performances established by master athletes of different classes of age and by assuming that they were able to maintain an equal to 88% of their MAP during 1 h of exhaustive exercise. Results: MAP started monotonically decreasing at 47 y of age. Thereafter, it showed an average rate of decrease of ∼14% for the decades up to 105 y of age, similar to other classes of master athletes. Conclusions: The results confirm, by extending the analysis to centennial subjects, that MAP seems to start declining from the middle of the 5th decade of age, with an average percentage decay that is faster than that traditionally reported, even when one maintains a very active lifestyle. The proposed approach may be applied to other types of human locomotion for which the relationship between speed and is known.

Aerobic exercise training and improved neuropsychological function of older individuals

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Dustman ◽  
Robert O. Ruhling ◽  
Ewan M. Russell ◽  
Donald E. Shearer ◽  
H.William Bonekat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Neuropsychological Function ◽  
Older Individuals

Effects of resistance or aerobic exercise training on total and regional body composition in sedentary overweight middle-aged adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheyne E. Donges ◽  
Rob Duffield
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Regional Body Composition ◽  
Total Body

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 10 weeks of aerobic endurance training (AET), resistance exercise training (RET), or a control (CON) condition on absolute and relative fat mass (FM) or fat-free mass (FFM) in the total body (TB) and regions of interest (ROIs) of sedentary overweight middle-aged males and females. Following prescreening, 102 subjects underwent anthropometric measurements, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and strength and aerobic exercise testing. Randomized subjects (male RET, n = 16; female RET, n = 19; male AET, n = 16; and female AET, n = 25) completed supervised and periodized exercise programs (AET, 30–50 min cycling at 70%–75% maximal heart rate; RET, 2–4 sets × 8–10 repetitions of 5–7 exercises at 70%–75% 1 repetition maximum) or a nonexercising control condition (male CON, n = 13 and female CON, n = 13). Changes in absolute and relative TB-FM and TB-FFM and ROI-FM and ROI-FFM were determined. At baseline, and although matched for age and body mass index, males had greater strength, aerobic fitness, body mass, absolute and relative TB-FFM and ROI-FFM, but reduced absolute and relative TB-FM and ROI-FM, compared with females (p < 0.05). After training, both female exercise groups showed equivalent or greater relative improvements in strength and aerobic fitness than did the male exercise groups (p < 0.05); however, the male exercise groups increased TB-FFM and reduced TB-FM more than did the female exercise groups (p < 0.05). Male AET altered absolute FM more than male RET altered absolute FFM, thus resulting in a greater enhancement of relative FFM. Despite equivalent or greater responses to RET or AET by female subjects, the corresponding respective increases in FFM or reductions in FM were lower than those in males, indicating that a biased dose–response relationship exists between sexes following 10 weeks of exercise training.

Aerobic Exercise Training and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Older Adults: A Randomized Control Trial

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Boileau ◽  
Edward McAuley ◽  
Demetra Demetriou ◽  
Naveen K. Devabhaktuni ◽  
Gregory L. Dykstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After

A trial was conducted to examine the effect of moderate aerobic exercise training (AET) on cardiorespiratory (CR) fitness. Previously sedentary participants, age 60-75 years, were randomly assigned to either AET treatment or a control group for 6 months. The AET consisted of walking for 40 min three times/week at an intensity that elevated heart rate to 65% of maximum heart rate reserve. The control group performed a supervised stretching program for 40 min three times/week. CR fitness was assessed before and after the treatments during a grade-incremented treadmill walking test. Both absolute and relative peak V̇O2 significantly increased (p < .01) in the AET group, whereas they decreased modestly in the control group. Maximum treadmill time increased significantly (p < .01) in the AET group relative to the control group. These results indicate that CR fitness as measured by peak V̇O2 modestly improves in the elderly with a moderate-intensity, relatively long-term aerobic exercise program.

scholarly journals The effect of long-term aerobic exercise on serum adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heshmat Parsian ◽  
Mojtaba Eizadi ◽  
Davood Khorshidi ◽  
Fattaneh Khanali ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Effect of Aging and Exercise Training on Plasma Insulin Concentration

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-342
Author(s):  
Rucsandra Dănciulescu Miulescu ◽  
Denisa Margină ◽  
Roxana Corina Sfetea ◽  
Diana Păun ◽  
Cătălina Poiană
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Insulin Levels

Abstract Background and Aims. Previous studies have shown that aging is an important risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The beneficial effects of exercise on glucose metabolism are well known. Our goal was to examine whether physical activity improves insulin levels in older individuals. Material and Methods. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured in fasting state and 2 h after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test in young lean, sedentary, non-diabetic subjects (n=34, age 25±2 years, body mass index- BMI 24.4±0.7 kg/m2) and older, lean, sedentary, non-diabetic subjects (n=36, age 75±3 years, BMI 24.8±0.4 kg/m2), before and after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise. Training consisted of exercise (such as cycling or fast walking) 5 days/week for approximately 30 min/day. Results. Fasting plasma insulin and 2-h serum insulin levels at baseline were significantly higher in older than young subjects (11.6 μU/ml vs 10.0 μU/ml, p=0.0001, 46.3 μU/ml vs 34.0 μU/ml, p=0.0001). Fasting and 2h plasma insulin levels were reduced after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise in older subjects, with no change in body weight. Conclusion. In our study the hyperinsulinemia associated with aging can be blunted significantly by aerobic exercise in older individuals independent of any changes in body composition

scholarly journals Exercise Improves Immune Function, Antidepressive Response, and Sleep Quality in Patients with Chronic Primary Insomnia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giselle Soares Passos ◽  
Dalva Poyares ◽  
Marcos Gonçalves Santana ◽  
Alexandre Abílio de Souza Teixeira ◽  
Fábio Santos Lira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Primary Insomnia ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Immunologic Assays ◽  
Plasma Apolipoprotein

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of moderate aerobic exercise training on sleep, depression, cortisol, and markers of immune function in patients with chronic primary insomnia. Twenty-one sedentary participants (16 women aged 44.7 ± 9 years) with chronic primary insomnia completed a 4-month intervention of moderate aerobic exercise. Compared with baseline, polysomnographic data showed improvements following exercise training. Also observed were reductions in depression symptoms and plasma cortisol. Immunologic assays revealed a significant increase in plasma apolipoprotein A (140.9 ± 22 to 151.2 ± 22 mg/dL) and decreases in CD4 (915.6 ± 361 to 789.6 ± 310 mm3) and CD8 (532.4 ± 259 to 435.7 ± 204 mm3). Decreases in cortisol were significantly correlated with increases in total sleep time(r=-0.51)and REM sleep(r=-0.52). In summary, long-term moderate aerobic exercise training improved sleep, reduced depression and cortisol, and promoted significant changes in immunologic variables.

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