Cyclohexadepsipeptides (CHDPs) with improved anthelmintical efficacy against the gastrointestinal nematode (Haemonchus contortus) in sheep

2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (S1) ◽  
pp. S17-S21 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jeschke ◽  
A. Harder ◽  
M. Schindler ◽  
W. Etzel
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep raised in Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício Orlando Wilmsen ◽  
Bruna Fernanda Silva ◽  
César Cristiano Bassetto ◽  
Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum ◽  
The Mean ◽  
In Parenthesis

Gastrointestinal nematode infections were evaluated in sheep raised in Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil between April 2008 and March 2011. Every month, two tracer lambs grazing with a flock of sheep were exposed to natural infection with gastrointestinal nematodes for 28 consecutive days. At the end of this period, the lambs were sacrificed for worm counts. Haemonchus contortus presented 100% of prevalence. The seasons exerted no significant influence on the mean intensity of H. contortus, which ranged from 315 worms in November 2010 to 2,5205 worms in January 2011. The prevalence of Trichostrongylus colubriformis was also 100%, with the lowest mean intensity (15 worms) recorded in February 2011 and the highest (9,760 worms) in October 2009. In the case of T. colubriformis, a significant correlation coefficient was found between worm counts vs. rainfall (r = −0.32; P <0.05). Three other nematodes species were found in tracer lambs, albeit in small numbers. Their prevalence and mean intensity (in parenthesis) were as follows: Oesophagostomum columbianum 28% (25.2), Cooperia curticei 7% (4.5) and Trichuris spp. 2% (1). In conclusion, the environmental conditions of the area proved to be highly favorable for the year-round transmission of H. contortus and T. colubriformis.

Voluntary intake of a medicated feed block by grazing sheep is increased by gastrointestinal nematode infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1136
Author(s):  
F. J. Fishpool ◽  
L. P. Kahn ◽  
D. J. Tucker ◽  
J. V. Nolan ◽  
R. A. Leng
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
To Receive

The aim of this study was to determine the rate, variability and repeatability of intake by grazing sheep of a medicated feed block (MFB) containing fenbendazole and investigate if infection with gastrointestinal nematodes altered consumption patterns of the MFB in the same grazing mob. In Experiment 1, 30 Merino wethers were given access to an MFB for two separate 1-week periods, with blood sampling at Days 2, 4 and 6 of each period to determine MFB intake. In Experiment 2, the wethers were selected based on previous MFB intake and allocated to receive an oral dose of 10 000 Trichostrongylus colubriformis and 3000 Haemonchus contortus (anthelmintic susceptible) or a long acting anthelmintic. After 5 weeks, sheep were given access to an MFB (1.5 mg fenbendazole/g) and eight blood samples were taken over 2 weeks to determine intake. In Experiment 1, individual MFB intake in Week 1 and Week 2 was positively correlated (P = 0.002, R2 = 0.287). Mean individual MFB intake in Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 was positively correlated (P = 0.008, R2 = 0.047). In Experiment 2, more infected wethers (95%) consumed the MFB than did uninfected wethers (79%) (P < 0.001) and infected wethers ate significantly more MFB over the first 4 days (P = 0.041) of access. All infected sheep consumed sufficient MFB to receive a therapeutic dose and worm egg counts in infected sheep declined from 2165 epg to 120 epg in the first week of access to MFB. The decline in differences in MFB intake between infected and uninfected sheep corresponded to the decline in worm egg count, suggesting the existence of self-medication with parasitism accounting for intake differences.

scholarly journals Resistance of Black Bengal goat to Haemonchus contortus

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
NN Retee ◽  
MMH Mondal ◽  
AI Omar ◽  
K Periasamy ◽  
JF Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Parasitic Load ◽  
Black Bengal Goat ◽  
Age And Sex

Artificial challenge trial and field trial were carried out in two populations of Black Bengal goat in Bangladesh to evaluate the resistance to Haemonchus Contortus-a major gastrointestinal nematode in goat. Artificial challenge trial revealed that there was no difference in susceptibility of H. contortus in Black Bengal goat of hilly region (BBH) and Black Bengal goat of western region (BBW). In absence of parasitic infection, growth rate of kids of both populations were almost equal. Field trial was conducted with kids of BBW population to find out the within breed variation. Numerically, there was variation among the individuals for parasitic load however the results were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). At individual level, the parasite load ranged from 100 to 400 eggs per gram (epg). The location of villages, age and sex of kids did not influence on the parasitic load of kids. There was no interaction for location, age and sex for body weight at day 8. The Packed Cell Volume and Hemoglobin values differed significantly (p < 0.01) due to age of kids at day 8 and 28 after deworming. The results indicate that Black Bengal goat can be considered as resilience to H. contortus. Progressive Agriculture 30 (1): 55-64, 2019

scholarly journals Variability in fecal egg count of Haemonchus contortus infection to native goat breeds of China and Bangladesh under natural grazing condition

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
AI Omar ◽  
MBB Alam ◽  
MO Faruque ◽  
MM Mondal ◽  
MS Raihan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Pack Cell Volume ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Goat Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Parasitic Load ◽  
Black Bengal Goat

Haemonchus contortus is a major gastrointestinal nematode affecting goat in China and Bangladesh like many countries in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of Haemonchus contortus infection in different goat breeds/populations in China and Bangladesh under the natural grazing condition.  Fecal Egg of Haemonchus contortus was counted from 430 goats in both countries using McMaster’s technique. Body weight, Pack Cell Volume and Hemoglobin value were measured for Bangladeshi goats. Statistical analysis was done after transforming data into log10 (n+1), where n is the number of egg per gram feces and analysis of variance was done by using Generalized Linear Model procedures of computer package of SAS. Prevalence of parasite and Fecal Egg Count varied significantly (P<0.01) in all six goat populations. The highest prevalence (88.89%) of Haemonchus contortus infection was found in Enshi Black and the highest parasitic load (527.74 ±78.13 epg) was found in Chinese hybrid goat population. Most of the individuals, except Chinese hybrid goats, had Fecal Egg Count less than 300 epg. Fecal Egg Count between sexes within breed of goat did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Black Bengal goat in the hilly region of Bangladesh was the least susceptible to Haemonchus contortus infection in term of Fecal Egg Count. Our study suggests that Chinese goat breeds were more susceptible to Haemonchus contortus infection as compared to Black Bengal goat of Bangladesh under natural grazing condition. Further studies on immune-genetics aspects of goats might be helpful to find out the actual causes of such differences and to develop disease resistant breed of goat.Progressive Agriculture 27 (4): 473-481, 2016

Moisture and temperature requirements in faeces for the development of free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep, cattle and deer

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Rossanigo ◽  
L. Gruner
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Cooperia Oncophora ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Temperature Requirements ◽  
Different Temperatures

AbstractIsolates from eight gastrointestinal nematode species parasitic in sheep, cattle and deer were maintained in sheep, to provide eggs in similar faecal environments and to compare temperature and moisture requirements for their development. Faecal cultures were processed at different temperatures (for four species) and moisture contents (for eight species). At 60% of faecal moisture content (FMC), maximal rates of development (expressed as L3/100 hatchable eggs estimated by an extraction technique from the faeves) were observed at 20, 23 and 28°C respectively for Ostertagia leptospicularis, O. ostertagi, Teladorsagia circumcinctaand Trichostrongylus colunriformis. For the eight species, the curves of development rates as functions of FMC were Gaussian, without modification between 18 and 28°C. Optimal developments were when the FMC ranged from 57 to 68%; low development of 1L3/100eggs were observed when the FMC ranged from 85 to 95% and from 25 to 55%. The main differences between species were in the ability of the eggs of Teladorsagia circumcincta, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, T. vitrinusand Chabertia ovina to develop at lower FMC than Haemonchus contortus, O. ostertagi, O. legptospicularis and Cooperia oncophora.

Evaluation of anthelmintic activity of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles against the gastrointestinal nematode, Haemonchus contortus

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Tomar ◽  
S. Preet
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Motility Inhibition

AbstractThe present study focuses on the in vitro anthelmintic activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using the aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica against Haemonchus contortus. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The UV-Vis spectrum exhibited a sharp peak at 420 nm, which was validated by electron microscopy, indicating the preparation of spherical nanoparticles measuring 15–25 nm in size. The in vitro study was based on an egg hatch assay (EHA) and adult motility inhibition assays. Six concentrations of AgNPs were used for EHA, ranging from 0.00001 to 1.0 μg/ml, and a range of 1–25 μg/ml was used for adult worms. The highest concentration induced 85 ± 2.89% egg hatch inhibition. The IC50 value for EHA was 0.001 μg/ml, whereas in vitro adult H. contortus motility inhibition was produced at 7.89 μg/ml (LC50). The effectiveness of A. indica leaf extract (aqueous) was also evaluated, which showed an IC50 value for EHA of 115.67 μg/ml, while the LC50 against adult H. contortus was 588.54 μg/ml. The overall findings of the present study show that the experimental plant extract contains reducing properties for the synthesis of AgNPs which, in turn, showed potent anthelmintic properties. This is the first report where AgNPs have been tested for their anthelmintic properties in an in vitro model.

Larvicidal activity of Bacillus circulans against the gastrointestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus in sheep

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Sinott ◽  
L.L. Dias de Castro ◽  
F.L.L Leite ◽  
T. Gallina ◽  
M.T. De-Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Bacillus Circulans ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Parasite Resistance ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Efficient Control ◽  
Green Fluorescent

AbstractEfficient control of gastrointestinal parasites is necessary in sheep breeding. However, the available chemically based anthelmintics are becoming less effective due to the development of parasite resistance. An alternative to this problem is biological control. In the present study, we tested the larvicidal effect of Bacillus circulans by administering a spore suspension (2 × 109 colony forming units/ml) orally to lambs naturally infected with Haemonchus contortus. The number of faecal larvae was quantified daily and a significant reduction (~87%, P< 0.05) of larval development was observed after administration of B. circulans. Using a transformed B. circulans with green fluorescent protein, we were able to detect B. circulans in the faeces at 4 h post-administration and 72 h after cessation of its administration. These results suggest the use of B. circulans as a promising biological alternative for parasite control.

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