Ultrastructure of immature stages of Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae), a fly of medical and veterinary importance

ABSTRACT Forensic entomology is a frequently used tool to estimate the time interval between death and the discovery of the corpse. Succession of arthropods associated with cadaveric decomposition was monitored in a rural area of the Municipality of Florencia, Department of Caquetá, Colombia. Three pigs (Sus scrofa) were used as study models. Insect sampling, and monitoring of carcasses and environmental conditions were carried out every five hours. The total time from death to skeletonization was of 545 hours (22.7 days). A total of 30833 insect individuals were collected. Specimens were distributed in nine orders, 46 families, 95 genera and 106 species. Diptera was the most abundant, with 23215 individuals (75.3%), followed by Coleoptera, with 3711 individuals (12%), and Hymenoptera, with 3154 individuals (10.2%). Immature stages of Cochliomyia macellaria, Chrysomya albiceps, Hemilucilia semidiaphana and Ophyra aenescens were the main species involved in tissue consumption and acceleration of the decomposition process. Due to the presence of ants Cheliomyrmex sp., Camponotus sp. and Dinoponera sp., and coleopterans Hister sp., Acylophorus sp. and Philonthus spp., it was not possible to obtain sufficient Diptera egg masses for rearing the colonizing species. These results can be used as a standard to determine the postmortem interval in criminal investigations in the rural area of the Andean Amazon, Caquetá, Colombia.

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Análise temporal de Calliphoridae (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha) no processo de decomposição em carcaças de suínos (Sus scrofa Linnaeus) em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.

EntomoBrasilis ◽

10.12741/ebrasilis.v12i2.846 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 63-69

Author(s):

Fernanda Pamponet ◽

Daniele Lopes ◽

Thaís Véras ◽

Patricia Fonseca ◽

Susane Vasconcelos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Sus Scrofa ◽

Forensic Entomology ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Essential Information ◽

Chrysomya Megacephala ◽

Chrysomya Albiceps ◽

Cochliomyia Macellaria ◽

Four Seasons ◽

The City

Resumo. Em investigações criminais, a entomologia forense torna-se uma importante ferramenta em uma das suas principais aplicações que são os cálculos de estimativa de intervalo pós-morte (IPM), onde os dípteros da família Calliphoridae constituem uma das principais famílias de interesse forense. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a ocorrência das espécies desta família durante o processo de decomposição de carcaças suínas exposta durante as quatro estações do ano em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica na cidade do Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Durante o experimento, os insetos adultos foram capturados em armadilhas específicas, e os imaturos coletados sobre a carcaça e criados para identificação pós-emergência. Além disso, verificamos a correlação entre as espécies que visitam a carcaça com aquelas que se desenvolvem na mesma, relacionando-a as fases da decomposição. Foram coletados 29136 adultos e do total de imaturos coletados apenas 1278 emergiram no laboratório. Os adultos capturados pertenciam às seguintes espécies: Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann), Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann), Mesembrinella bellardiana (Aldrich), Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius) e Chloroprocta idiodea (Robineau-Desvoidy). Os imaturos coletados e criados no laboratório, após a emergência, foram identificados como: C. macellaria, C. megacephala, C. albiceps, C. putoria, H. segmentaria e L. eximia. Constatou-se que há diferenças na abundância entre as espécies durante o experimento, sendo a espécie C. albiceps a mais prevalente. Esse trabalho contribuiu com informações essenciais para a implementação deste tipo de perícia na rotina do Laboratório de Entomologia Forense do DPT-BA.Temporal analysis of Calliphoridae (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha) in the process of decomposition in carcasses of swine (Sus scrofa Linnaeus) in Salvador, Bahia, BrazilAbstract. In criminal investigations, Forensic Entomology becomes an important tool for main applications, which are estimates of postmortem interval (IPM), where Diptera of the Calliphoridae family constitute one of the main families of forensic interest. The present work had as objective to verify the occurrence of the species of this family during the decomposition process of swine carcasses exposed during the four seasons of the year in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. During the experiment, adult insects were captured in specific traps, and immature stages collected on the carcass created until the adult emergency for identification. In addition, we verified the correlation between the species that visit the carcass with those that develop in the same, related to the phases of the decomposition. A total of 29136 adults were collected and of the total number of immatures collected, only 1278 emerged in the laboratory. The captured adults belonged to the following species: Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann), Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann), Mesembrinella bellardiana (Aldrich), Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius) and Chloroprocta idiodea (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Robineau-Desvoidy). The immatures collected and created in the laboratory after the emergency were identified as: C. macellaria, C. megacephala, C. albiceps, C. putoria, H. segmentaria and L. eximia. It was verified that there are differences in the abundance between the species during the experiment, being the species C. albiceps the most prevalent. This work contributed with essential information for the implementation of this type of expertise in the routine of the Forensic Entomology Laboratory, DPT-BA.

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Ixodes (Ixodes) pararicinus Keirans & Clifford, 1985 (Acari: Ixodidae): description of the immature stages, distribution, hosts and medical/veterinary importance

Systematic Parasitology ◽

10.1007/s11230-004-6351-9 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 225-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Jos� Manuel Venzal ◽

Agust�n Estrada-Pe�a ◽

Darci Moraes Barros-Battesti ◽

Valeria Castilho Onofrio ◽

Pablo Mart�n Beldom�nico

Keyword(s):

Immature Stages ◽

Veterinary Importance

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AN ANNOTATED LIST OF AND KEYS TO THE IMMATURE BLACK FLIES OF ALBERTA (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)

Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada ◽

10.4039/entm118134fv ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 118 (S134) ◽

pp. 5-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

D.C. Currie

Keyword(s):

Immature Stages ◽

Black Flies ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Annotated List ◽

Species Complexes ◽

Veterinary Importance

AbstractFifty-one species or species complexes of black flies are recorded from Alberta representing the following genera: Cnephia Enderlein (1), Ectemnia Enderlein (2), Gymnopais Stone (1), Mayacnephia Wygodzinsky and Coscarón (1), Metacnephia Crosskey (3), Prosimulium Roubaud (12), Simulium Latreille (29), Stegopterna Enderlein (1), and Twinnia Stone and Jamnback (1). An annotated list summarizes what is known about the bionomics and distribution of each species in the province, including notes on their medical and veterinary importance, where applicable. Illustrated keys to the larvae and pupae of Alberta genera and species are provided. Also included in the keys are 3 species that may occur in the province (one of these in the genus Greniera Doby and David), but whose presence has yet to be verified. A review of some structural characters used for the identification of immature stages of black flies is given. Notes on nomenclature of some characters are also provided. A total of 188 figures, including detailed distribution maps for each species in Alberta, are given.

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Medical and Veterinary Importance of the Moonlighting Functions of Triosephosphate Isomerase

Current Protein and Peptide Science ◽

10.2174/1389203719666181026170751 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 304-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mónica Rodríguez-Bolaños ◽

Ruy Perez-Montfort

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Immune Response ◽

Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽

Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate ◽

Canonical Function ◽

Moonlighting Protein ◽

Veterinary Importance ◽

Moonlighting Functions

Triosephosphate isomerase is the fifth enzyme in glycolysis and its canonical function is the reversible isomerization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Within the last decade multiple other functions, that may not necessarily always involve catalysis, have been described. These include variations in the degree of its expression in many types of cancer and participation in the regulation of the cell cycle. Triosephosphate isomerase may function as an auto-antigen and in the evasion of the immune response, as a factor of virulence of some organisms, and also as an important allergen, mainly in a variety of seafoods. It is an important factor to consider in the cryopreservation of semen and seems to play a major role in some aspects of the development of Alzheimer's disease. It also seems to be responsible for neurodegenerative alterations in a few cases of human triosephosphate isomerase deficiency. Thus, triosephosphate isomerase is an excellent example of a moonlighting protein.

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Culex (Culex) longitubus, A New Species of the Mimeticus Subgroup (Diptera: Culicidae) From Bhutan

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjab080 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pradya Somboon ◽

Thanari Phanitchakun ◽

Jassada Saingamsook ◽

Rinzin Namgay ◽

Ralph E Harbach

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

New Species ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

Immature Stages ◽

High Altitudes ◽

Coi Sequences ◽

Anal Papillae ◽

A New Species

Abstract Culex longitubus Somboon, Namgay & Harbach is described as a new species of the Mimeticus Subgroup of the subgenus Culex. The larva is most similar to the larva of Cx. tianpingensis Chen from China, but is distinguished by the length of the siphon and the anal papillae, the form of the comb scales and pecten spines, and the development of setae 7-P, 13-T, 1-X, and 4-X. The adults have wing markings and male genitalia similar to those of species of the Mimeticus Complex. Phylogenetic analysis of COI sequences revealed that the new species is closely related to Cx. murrelli Lien of the Mimulus Complex. The immature stages of the new species were found in stagnant pools and marshes at high altitudes in several districts of Bhutan.

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Effects of ultraviolet radiation on Culex quinquefasciatus immature stages

Entomological Research ◽

10.1111/1748-5967.12494 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kashif Munawar ◽

Azzam M. Alahmed ◽

Sayed M.S. Khalil

Keyword(s):

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽

Immature Stages

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Global Distribution of Babesia Species in Questing Ticks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Published Literature

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10020230 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 230

Author(s):

ThankGod E. Onyiche ◽

Cristian Răileanu ◽

Susanne Fischer ◽

Cornelia Silaghi

Keyword(s):

Tick Species ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Mammalian Species ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Ixodid Ticks ◽

Babesia Microti ◽

Babesia Species ◽

Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Questing Ticks ◽

Veterinary Importance

Babesiosis caused by the Babesia species is a parasitic tick-borne disease. It threatens many mammalian species and is transmitted through infected ixodid ticks. To date, the global occurrence and distribution are poorly understood in questing ticks. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to estimate the distribution of the pathogen. A deep search for four electronic databases of the published literature investigating the prevalence of Babesia spp. in questing ticks was undertaken and obtained data analyzed. Our results indicate that in 104 eligible studies dating from 1985 to 2020, altogether 137,364 ticks were screened with 3069 positives with an estimated global pooled prevalence estimates (PPE) of 2.10%. In total, 19 different Babesia species of both human and veterinary importance were detected in 23 tick species, with Babesia microti and Ixodesricinus being the most widely reported Babesia and tick species, respectively. Regardless of species, adult ticks with 2.60% had the highest infection rates, while larvae had the least with 0.60%. Similarly, female ticks with 4.90% were infected compared to males with 3.80%. Nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 2.80% had the highest prevalence among the molecular techniques employed. In conclusion, results obtained indicate that Babesia species are present in diverse questing tick species at a low prevalence, of which some are competent vectors.

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The Role of Predation in Determining Traits of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Infection With Zika Virus

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjab004 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shawna Bellamy ◽

Barry W Alto

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Life History Traits ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Infected Blood ◽

Predator Prey ◽

Susceptibility To Infection ◽

Density Reduction

Abstract Non-lethal predator-prey interactions during the immature stages can cause significant changes to mosquito life history traits and their ability to transmit pathogens as adults. Treatment manipulations using mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (L.) and Toxoryhnchites rutilus (Coquillett) were performed during the immature stages to explore the potential impacts of non-lethal interactions on adult susceptibility to infection, disseminated infection and saliva infection of Ae. aegypti following ingestion of Zika virus-infected blood. Treatments inducing density reduction resulted in reduced development time and survivorship to adulthood. However, effects of treatment did not alter infection, dissemination, or saliva infection. These observations indicate that, while non-lethal predation may impact some traits that influence population dynamics and transmission of pathogens, there were no direct effects on mosquito-arbovirus interactions.

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Detection of Flaviviral-Like DNA Sequences in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Collected From Argentina

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjab073 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Melisa B Bonica ◽

Dario E Balcazar ◽

Ailen Chuchuy ◽

Jorge A Barneche ◽

Carolina Torres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Public Health Burden ◽

The Past ◽

Health Burden ◽

The World ◽

Aegypti Genome ◽

Dengue Epidemics

Abstract Diseases caused by flaviviruses are a major public health burden across the world. In the past decades, South America has suffered dengue epidemics, the re-emergence of yellow fever and St. Louis encephalitis viruses, and the introduction of West Nile and Zika viruses. Many insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs) that cannot replicate in vertebrate cells have recently been described. In this study, we analyzed field-collected mosquito samples from six different ecoregions of Argentina to detect flaviviruses. We did not find any RNA belonging to pathogenic flaviviruses or ISFs in adults or immature stages. However, flaviviral-like DNA similar to flavivirus NS5 region was detected in 83–100% of Aedes aegypti (L.). Despite being previously described as an ancient element in the Ae. aegypti genome, the flaviviral-like DNA sequence was not detected in all Ae. aegypti samples and sequences obtained did not form a monophyletic group, possibly reflecting the genetic diversity of mosquito populations in Argentina.

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