Highly sensitive and specific detection of Giardia duodenalis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium spp. in human stool samples by the BD MAX™ Enteric Parasite Panel

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijo Parčina ◽  
Ingrid Reiter-Owona ◽  
Frank P. Mockenhaupt ◽  
Valerija Vojvoda ◽  
Jean Bosco Gahutu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Human Stool

Highly specific detection of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in human stool samples by undemanding and inexpensive phase contrast microscopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 1229-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Ignatius ◽  
Thomas Klemm ◽  
Steffen Zander ◽  
Jean Bosco Gahutu ◽  
Peter Kimmig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Phase Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Human Stool

scholarly journals Multicenter Evaluation of an ELISA for the Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. Antigen in Clinical Human Stool Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Romy Razakandrainibe ◽  
Célia Mérat ◽  
Nathalie Kapel ◽  
Marc Sautour ◽  
Karine Guyot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocyst ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Conventional Microscopy ◽  
Human Stool

Human cryptosporidiosis remains underdiagnosed, and rapid/accurate diagnosis is of clinical importance. Diagnosis of the Cryptosporidium oocyst in stool samples by conventional microscopy is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and requires skillful experience. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the usefulness of a coproantigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test in detecting Cryptosporidium spp. from fecal specimens. For this aim, we evaluated the performances of a commercial ELISA (CoproELISA Cryptosporidium kit, Savyon Diagnostics, Israel) for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in random clinical stool samples through a multicenter study. The sensitivity and specificity for coproantigen ELISA were 98.86% and 94.32%, respectively. The coproantigen ELISA results indicate that the simple, rapid, reliable, and standardized immunoassay test is sensitive and specific for routine diagnosis, and may be useful for large-scale epidemiological studies of cryptosporidiosis.

scholarly journals An Alcohol Dehydrogenase 3 (ADH3) from Entamoeba histolytica Is Involved in the Detoxification of Toxic Aldehydes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1608
Author(s):  
Constantin König ◽  
Martin Meyer ◽  
Corinna Lender ◽  
Sarah Nehls ◽  
Tina Wallaschkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Peptidase Activity ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Human Stool

Recently, a putative alcohol dehydrogenase 3, termed EhADH3B of the Entamoeba histolytica isolate HM-1:IMSS was identified, which is expressed at higher levels in non-pathogenic than in pathogenic amoebae and whose overexpression reduces the virulence of pathogenic amoebae. In an in silico analysis performed in this study, we assigned EhADH3B to a four-member ADH3 family, with ehadh3b present as a duplicate (ehadh3ba/ehadh3bb). In long-term laboratory cultures a mutation was identified at position 496 of ehadh3ba, which codes for a stop codon, which was not the case for amoebae isolated from human stool samples. When using transfectants that overexpress or silence ehadh3bb, we found no or little effect on growth, size, erythrophagocytosis, motility, hemolytic or cysteine peptidase activity. Biochemical characterization of the recombinant EhADH3Bb revealed that this protein forms a dimer containing Ni2+ or Zn2+ as a co-factor and that the enzyme converts acetaldehyde and formaldehyde in the presence of NADPH. A catalytic activity based on alcohols as substrates was not detected. Based on the results, we postulate that EhADH3Bb can reduce free acetaldehyde released by hydrolysis from bifunctional acetaldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase-bound thiohemiacetal and that it is involved in detoxification of toxic aldehydes produced by the host or the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. isolated from human stool samples in Switzerland

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 663-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. FRETZ ◽  
P. SVOBODA ◽  
U. M. RYAN ◽  
R. C. A. THOMPSON ◽  
M. TANNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Human Stool ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

In a study to estimate the frequency of Cryptosporidium infections in Switzerland, stool samples from patients found to be positive for Cryptosporidium spp. by modified Ziehl–Neelson staining and fluorescence microscopy were used for genotyping experiments. With 9 of 12 samples, DNA extraction and subsequent genotyping was successful. All Cryptosporidium-isolates belonged to the bovine genotype. In one stool sample, two strains of Cryptosporidium were demonstrated, suggesting a mixed infection. In comparison with reference strains from calves, one of the isolates showed a full sequence identity and the other a similarity of 97·5%. The fact that only bovine genotypes were detected suggests, that cryptosporidiosis must primarily be considered as a zoonotic disease in Switzerland. This is in contrast to other countries, where the human genotype of C. parvum was shown to dominate the epidemiological situation. The results of our study are supported by the previous finding, that two of the analysed strains originated from patients who used to consume raw milk or raw cream, a known risk factor for cryptosporidiosis.

scholarly journals Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Protist Infections in Hospital Inpatients in Southwestern China

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 684
Author(s):  
Shun-Xian Zhang ◽  
David Carmena ◽  
Cristina Ballesteros ◽  
Chun-Li Yang ◽  
Jia-Xu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Blastocystis Sp ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Protist Species

Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia duodenalis, and Blastocystis sp. infections have been frequently reported as etiological agents for gastroenteritis, but also as common gut inhabitants in apparently healthy individuals. Between July 2016 and March 2017, stool samples (n = 507) were collected from randomly selected individuals (male/female ratio: 1.1, age range: 38‒63 years) from two sentinel hospitals in Tengchong City Yunnan Province, China. Molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) methods were used to detect and genotype the investigated protist species. Carriage/infection rates were: Blastocystis sp. 9.5% (95% CI: 7.1–12.4%), G. duodenalis 2.2% (95% CI: 1.1–3.8%); and E. histolytica 2.0% (95% CI: 0.9–3.6%). Cryptosporidium spp. was not detected at all. Overall, 12.4% (95% CI: 9.7–15.6) of the participants harbored at least one enteric protist species. The most common coinfection was E. histolytica and Blastocystis sp. (1.0%; 95% CI: 0.3–2.2). Sequence analyses revealed that 90.9% (10/11) of the genotyped G. duodenalis isolates corresponded to the sub-assemblage AI. The remaining sequence (9.1%, 1/11) was identified as sub-assemblage BIV. Five different Blastocystis subtypes, including ST3 (43.7%, 21/48), ST1 (27.1%, 13/48), ST7 (18.8%, 9/48), ST4 (8.3%, 4/48), and ST2 (2.1%, 1/48) were identified. Statistical analyses confirmed that (i) the co-occurrence of protist infections was purely random, (ii) no associations were observed among the four protist species found, and (iii) neither their presence, individually or jointly, nor the patient’s age was predictors for developing clinical symptoms associated with these infections. Overall, these protist mono- or coinfections are asymptomatic and do not follow any pattern.

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