Complex adaptive systems and human health: the influence of common genotypes of the apolipoprotein E ( ApoE ) gene polymorphism and age on the relational order within a field of lipid metabolism traits

Aim: In the last decade Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphism has been identified as one of the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Though more than 11% population of Malaysia are suffering from T2DM, there is inadequate data on the correlation between the APOE gene polymorphism and pathogenesis of diabetes among Malaysians. Hence, in this study we aimed to find out the association between the frequencies of APOE allele and fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentration among subjects with T2DM. Methods: A total of 102 subjects were recruited into two distinct groups, 51 in diabetes (cases) and 51 in non-diabetes (control) group. Their fasting blood sample was tested for FBG, while APOE genotyping was carried out using restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Predictive Analytics Software (PASW) statistics, version 18.0, was used for statistical analyses. Results: There was no association between APOE alleles and T2DM; odd ratios for the e2, e3 and e4 alleles were 1.51 (95%CI: 0.615-3.706), 0.77 (95%CI: 0.431-1.375) and 1.12 (95%CI: 0.584-2.131) respectively. The highest mean FBG was found in subjects with e2 alleles, followed by e4 and e3 alleles in both cases and control groups. Both e2 and e4 alleles were significantly linked to higher mean FBG (p=0.03 and 0.04 for the respectively) compared to e3 allele in diabetes group. Conclusions: Although the APOE gene was not found to be associated with T2DM, it may influence glycemic status among subjects.

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Effect of apolipoprotein E genotype on the outcome after anterior cervical decompression and fusion in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Journal of Neurosurgery Spine ◽

10.3171/2009.7.spine08667 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 659-666 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Matthias Setzer ◽

Frank D. Vrionis ◽

Elvis J. Hermann ◽

Volker Seifert ◽

Gerhard Marquardt

Keyword(s):

Gene Polymorphism ◽

Apolipoprotein E ◽

Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy ◽

Independent Predictor ◽

Multivariate Model ◽

Apoe Gene ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Restriction Enzyme Digestion ◽

Microsurgical Decompression ◽

Apoe Gene Polymorphism

Object The authors examined a possible association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphism and the outcome after anterior microsurgical decompression in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Methods The authors conducted a prospective study of 60 consecutive patients (40 men, 20 women) with CSM who underwent anterior microsurgical decompression. The patients ranged in age from 26 to 86 years (mean 61.5 ± 14.6 years). Neurological deficits were classified according to the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scale. Mean follow-up was 18.8 ± 4.6 months and APOE genotyping was carried out by isolation of DNA from venous blood samples. The APOE genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction enzyme digestion and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of digested fragments. Categorical variables were analyzed with the chi-square test, continuous data with the Mann-Whitney U-test, and for multiple groups with the Kruskal-Wallis H-test. A backward stepwise binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of APOE in a multivariate model. Results Of the 60 patients with CSM, 35 (58.3%) improved and 25 (41.7%) did not improve or suffered deterioration (no-improvement group). In the improvement group 5 patients (8.3%) possessed the ε4 allele compared with 16 patients (26.7%) in the no-improvement group (p = 0.002, OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.7–6.1). In a multivariate model, the occurrence of the ε4 allele was a significant independent predictor for no improvement after anterior decompression and fusion (p = 0.004, OR 8.6, 95% CI 5.1–20.6). Conclusions The results of this study show that APOE gene polymorphism influences the short-term outcome of CSM patients after surgical decompressive and stabilizing therapy in the way that the presence of the APOE ε4 allele is an independent predictor for a no improvement. The presence of APOE may explain in part the different responses to operative therapies in patients with cervical myelopathy.

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Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism, Glycated Hemoglobin, and Peripheral Arterial Disease Risk in Chinese Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2020/6040525 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yujing Hu ◽

Tinghuan Ling ◽

Min Yu ◽

Yang Bai ◽

Tongbao Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽

Gene Polymorphism ◽

Apolipoprotein E ◽

Arterial Disease ◽

Apoe Gene ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Peripheral Arterial ◽

Apoe Gene Polymorphism

Background. The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism has been found to influence plasma lipid concentration, and its correlation with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has been investigated. However, it is unclear whether ApoE is associated with PAD in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Therefore, our study is aimed at investigating the relationship between the ApoE gene polymorphism and PAD in Chinese T2DM patients. Methods. A total of 192 T2DM patients were divided into two groups: T2DM and T2DM with PAD. The clinical and biochemical parameters were obtained. Polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the genotypes of ApoE. The multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the possible risk factor for PAD. Results. There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of ApoE between the T2DM and T2DM with PAD groups. However, the T2DM with PAD group tended to have more ε4/ε3 genotypes (21.5% vs. 11.3%) than the T2DM group. The multivariate logistic regression showed that smoking, age, disease duration, TG, LDL, and HbA1c were risk factors for PAD. Conclusions. These results demonstrated that there was no evidence of a relationship between ApoE and PAD.

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Association of Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism with Lipid Profile and Ischemic Stroke Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2021/5527736 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Ni Putu Tesi Maratni ◽

Made Ratna Saraswati ◽

Ni Nyoman Ayu Dewi ◽

I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa ◽

I Putu Eka Widyadharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gene Polymorphism ◽

Apolipoprotein E ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Apoe Gene ◽

Apolipoprotein E Gene ◽

Apoe Gene Polymorphism

Background. Altered lipid profiles have consistently been linked to cerebrovascular events. Ischemic stroke (IS) was a common comorbid condition established in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene which has a notably critical function in lipoprotein metabolism is believed as one of the potential candidate genes susceptible to IS complications in T2DM. This research aimed to determine the association of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism with lipid profile and IS risk in T2DM patients. Methods. This case-control study involved a total of 60 diabetic participants divided into two groups with and without IS. ApoE was genotyped using PCR and sequencing analysis. Results. The most predominant genotype observed in 27 participants (45%) was E3/E3. Lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were found in ε2 carriers ( p = 0.003 ; 95% CI −23.35–−4.89) and ε4 carriers ( p = 0.019 ; 95% CI 1.38–14.55) compared to ε3 homozygotes. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels had no association with ApoE gene polymorphism in this study. ApoE gene polymorphism was not related to IS in T2DM ( p = 0.06 ; adjusted OR: 4.71; 95% CI 0.93–23.79). Conclusions. ApoE ε2 and ε4 carriers were associated with lower levels of HDL-C. No association was identified between ApoE gene polymorphism and IS in T2DM patients.

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Complex Adaptive Systems, Human Health, and Drug Response: Statistical Challenges in Pharmacogenomics

Statistics In the Pharmaceutical Industry ◽

10.1201/9781315275888-26 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 318-325

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Complex Adaptive Systems ◽

Adaptive Systems ◽

Drug Response ◽

Complex Adaptive

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The Association between Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism and Mild Cognitive Impairment among Different Ethnic Minority Groups in China

International Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.1155/2014/150628 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

ZhiZhong Wang ◽

Wanrui Ma ◽

Ye Rong ◽

Lan Liu

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Gene Polymorphism ◽

Apolipoprotein E ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Apoe Genotype ◽

Melting Curve ◽

Apoe Gene ◽

Apoe Genotypes ◽

Apoe Gene Polymorphism

The association, in different ethnic groups, of apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene polymorphism with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been unclear. Few studies have examined the association in Chinese minorities. The current study explores the association between apoE gene polymorphism and MCI in one of the biggest ethnic groups—the Hui—and compares it with the Han. The Minimental State Exam, Activities of Daily Living Scale, and Geriatric Depression Scale were administered to 306 ethnic Hui and 618 ethnic Han people aged≥55 years. ApoE genotypes were determined using the high resolution melting curve method. The distribution of the apoE genotype and the frequency of allelesε2,ε3, andε4 were similar in the Hui and Han groups. In analyses adjusted for age, gender, and education level, theε4 allele was a risk factor for MCI in both the Hui group (OR=2.61, 95% CI: 1.02–6.66) and the Han group (OR=2.36, 95% CI: 1.19–4.67), but the apoEε2 allele was protective for MCI only in the Han group (OR=0.48, 95% CI: 0.38–0.88). The association of some apoE genotypes with MCI may differ in different ethnic groups in China. Further studies are needed to explore this effect among different populations.

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