scholarly journals Nephrocytes are part of the spectrum of filtration epithelial diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 382 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-625
Author(s):  
Takayuki Miyaki ◽  
Yuto Kawasaki ◽  
Akira Matsumoto ◽  
Soichiro Kakuta ◽  
Tatsuo Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Model System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Cellular Architecture ◽  
Animal Phylogeny ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe excretory system produces urine by ultrafiltration via a filtration epithelium. Podocytes are widely found as filtration epithelial cells in eucoelomates. In some animal taxa, including insects and crustaceans, nephrocytes serve to separate toxic substances from the body fluid, in addition to podocytes. Drosophila nephrocytes have been recently utilized as a model system to study podocyte function and disease. However, functionality and cellular architecture are strikingly different between Drosophila nephrocytes and eucoelomate podocytes, and the phylogenetic relationship between these cells remains enigmatic. In this study, using focused-ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) tomography, we revealed three-dimensional architecture of decapod nephrocytes with unprecedented accuracy—they filled an enormous gap, which can be called “missing link,” in the evolutionary diversity of podocytes and nephrocytes. Thus, we concluded that nephrocytes are part of the spectrum of filtration epithelial diversity in animal phylogeny.

scholarly journals FIB-SEM Three-Dimensional Tomography for Characterization of Carbon-Based Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Nan ◽  
Jingxin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Tomography ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Carbon Based

A review on the recent advances of the three-dimensional (3D) characterization of carbon-based materials was conducted by focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) tomography. Current studies and further potential applications of the FIB-SEM 3D tomography technique for carbon-based materials were discussed. The goal of this paper is to highlight the advances of FIB-SEM 3D reconstruction to reveal the high and accurate resolution of internal structures of carbon-based materials and provide suggestions for the adoption and improvement of the FIB-SEM tomography system for a broad carbon-based research to achieve the best examination performances and enhance the development of innovative carbon-based materials.

FIB-SEM: An Additional Technique for Investigating Internal Structure of Pollen Walls

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1535-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisoun House ◽  
Kevin Balkwill
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Grain Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Pollen Wall ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractPollen grain morphology has been widely used in the classification of the Acanthaceae, where external pollen wall features have proved useful in determining relationships between taxa. Although detailed information has been accumulated using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, internal pollen wall features lack investigation and the techniques are cumbersome. A new technique involving precise cross sectioning or slicing of pollen grains at a selected position for examining wall ultrastructure, using a focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM), has been explored and promising results have been obtained. The FIB-SEM offers a good technique for reliable, high resolution, three-dimensional (3D) viewing of the internal structure of the pollen grain wall.

Coupled Mechanical and Electrochemical Analyses of Three-Dimensional Reconstructed LiFePO4 by Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscopy in Lithium-Ion Batteries

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangwook Kim ◽  
Hongjiang Chen ◽  
Hsiao-Ying Shadow Huang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Electrochemical Degradation ◽  
Total Polarization ◽  
Scanning Electron

Limited lifetime and performance degradation in lithium ion batteries in electrical vehicles and power tools is still a challenging obstacle which results from various interrelated processes, especially under specific conditions such as higher discharging rates (C-rates) and longer cycles. To elucidate these problems, it is very important to analyze electrochemical degradation from a mechanical stress point of view. Specifically, the goal of this study is to investigate diffusion-induced stresses and electrochemical degradation in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed LiFePO4. We generate a reconstructed microstructure by using a stack of focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) images combined with an electrolyte domain. Our previous two-dimensional (2D) finite element model is further improved to a 3D multiphysics one, which incorporates both electrochemical and mechanical analyses. From our electrochemistry model, we observe 95.6% and 88.3% capacity fade at 1.2 C and 2 C, respectively. To investigate this electrochemical degradation, we present concentration distributions and von Mises stress distributions across the cathode with respect to the depth of discharge (DoD). Moreover, electrochemical degradation factors such as total polarization and over-potential are also investigated under different C-rates. Further, higher total polarization is observed at the end of discharging, as well as at the early stage of discharging. It is also confirmed that lithium intercalation at the electrode-electrolyte interface causes higher over-potential at specific DoDs. At the region near the separator, a higher concentration gradient and over-potential are observed. We note that higher over-potential occurs on the surface of electrode, and the resulting concentration gradient and mechanical stresses are observed in the same regions. Furthermore, mechanical stress variations under different C-rates are quantified during the discharging process. With these coupled mechanical and electrochemical analyses, the results of this study may be helpful for detecting particle crack initiation.

Structuring of Conducting Polymers by Ion Implantation

1995 ◽  
Vol 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Edinger ◽  
Stefanie Schiestel ◽  
Gerhard K. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrochemical Treatment ◽  
Lateral Structures ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractConducting polypyrrole polymer films have been modified by ion implantation. The resulting cross linking leads to changes in resistivity and electrochemical behaviour. By ion implantation through masks or with a focused ion beam lateral structures can be produced which can be imaged by scanning electron microscopy and optical absorption. The implanted polypyrrole layers can be removed by electrochemical treatment while not implanted regions can be electroplated. Therefore in combination with electrochemical treatment three dimensional structures have been generated and were investigated by atomic force microscopy. In order to study structures in the submicrometer range implantation experiments with a focused ion beam were performed and the minimal line widths were investigated by scanning electron microscopy.

Imaging three-dimensional tissue architectures by focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Bushby ◽  
Kenneth M Y P'ng ◽  
Robert D Young ◽  
Christian Pinali ◽  
Carlo Knupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Beam Scanning ◽  
Scanning Electron
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document