Acute amnestic syndrome with hippocampal lesion due to influenza B-associated encephalopathy

Cellular membranes are often composed of phospholipid mixtures in which one or more components have a tendency to adopt a type II non-bilayer lipid structure such as the inverted hexagonal (H||) phase. The formation of a type II non-bilayer intermediate, the inverted lipid micel is proposed as the initial step in membrane fusion (Verkleij 1984, Siegel, 1986). In the various forms of cellular transport mediated by carrier vesicles (e.g. exocytosis, endocytosis) the regulation of membrane fusion, and hence of inverted lipid micel formation, is of vital importance.We studied the phase behaviour of simple and complex lipid mixtures by cryo-electron microscopy to gain more insight in the ultrastructure of different lipid phases (e.g. Pβ’, Lα, H||) and in the complex membrane structures arising after Lα < - > H|| phase changes (e.g. isotropic, cubic). To prepare hydrated thin films a 700 mesh hexagonal grid (without supporting film) was dipped into and withdrawn from a liposome suspension. The excess fluid was blotted against filter paper and the thin films that form between the bars of the specimen grid were immediately (within 1 second) vitrified by plunging of the carrier grids into ethane cooled to its melting point by liquid nitrogen (Dubochet et al., 1982). Surface active molecules such as phospholipids play an important role in the formation and thinning of these aqueous thin films (Frederik et al., 1989). The formation of two interfacial layers at the air-water interfaces requires transport of surface molecules from the suspension as well as the orientation of these molecules at the interfaces. During the spontaneous thinning of the film the interfaces approach each other, initially driven by capillary forces later by Van der Waals attraction. The process of thinning results in the sorting by size of the suspended material and is also accompanied by a loss of water from the thinner parts of the film. This loss of water may result in the concentration and eventually in partial dehydration of suspended material even if thin films are vitrified within 1 sec after their formation. Film formation and vitrification were initiated at temperatures between 20-60°C by placing die equipment in an incubator provided widi port holes for the necessary manipulations. Unilamellar vesicles were made from dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) by an extrusion method and showed a smooth (Lα) or a rippled (PB’.) structure depending on the temperature of the suspensions and the temperature of film formation (50°C resp. 39°C) prior to vitrification. The thermotropic phases of hydrated phospholipids are thus faithfully preserved in vitrified thin films (fig. a,b). Complex structures arose when mixtures of dioleoylphosphatidylethanol-amine (DOPE), dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and cholesterol (molar ratio 3/1/2) are heated and used for thin film formation. The tendency of DOPE to adopt the H|| phase is responsible for the formation of complex structures in this lipid mixture. Isotropic and cubic areas (fig. c,d) having a bilayer structure are found in coexistence with H|| cylinders (fig. e). The formation of interlamellar attachments (ILA’s) as observed in isotropic and cubic structures is also thought to be of importance in biological fusion events. Therefore the study of the fusion activity of influenza B virus with liposomes (DOPE/DOPC/cholesterol/ganglioside in a molar ratio 1/1/2/0.2) was initiated. At neutral pH only adsorption of virus to liposomes was observed whereas 2 minutes after a drop in pH (7.4 - > 5.4) fusion between virus and liposome membranes was demonstrated (fig. f). The micrographs illustrate the exciting potential of cryo-electron microscopy to study lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions in hydrated specimens.

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Resistant Influenza B Is Transmissible

Pediatric News ◽

10.1016/s0031-398x(07)70306-5 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

MARY ANN MOON

Keyword(s):

Influenza B

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Ungewöhnlicher Verlauf einer akuten disseminierten Enzephalomyelitis (ADEM) mit Papillödem nach Influenza-B-Infektion bei einem 12-jährigen Jungen

Kinder- und Jugendmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1628948 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 08 (02) ◽

pp. 105-107

Author(s):

Andreas Merkenschlager ◽

Wolfgang Hirsch ◽

Volker Schuster ◽

Matthias Bernhard

Keyword(s):

Influenza B ◽

Zerebrale Bildgebung ◽

Akute Disseminierte Enzephalomyelitis

ZusammenfassungDie akute disseminierte Enzephalomyelitis (ADEM) ist eine meist monophasische demyelinisierende Erkrankung des ZNS, welche häufig zeitlich 1–4 Wochen nach einer Infektion oder sehr selten nach einer Impfung auftritt. Das klinische Bild einer ADEM kann sehr variabel sein, was insbesondere bei initial unauffälligen oder untypischen Befunden der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) des Schädel die Diagnose erschwert.Fallbericht: Ein 12-jähriger Junge klagte über seit 3 Wochen bestehende progrediente Kopfschmerzen und zunehmendes Nüchternerbrechen. Im initialen Magnetresonanztomogramm des Schädel waren nur zwei unspezifische hyperdense Signalintensitäten zu erkennen, die zunächst als Hamartome interpretiert wurden. Die ophthalmologische Untersuchung zeigte ein Papillödem mit einer maximalen Prominenz von 1,5 mm beidseits. Im Liquor war eine Pleozytose mit 41 Mpt/l Zellen nachweisbar, der Liquorausflussdruck war deutlich erhöht. Die Titer für Influenza B wiesen auf eine akute beziehungsweise kürzlich abgelaufene Infektion hin. Eine bei bestehender Klinik veranlasste MRTSchädel- Kontrolle nach drei Wochen zeigte multiple neue hyperdense Areale im Sinne einer ADEM. Unter einer Methylprednisolon- Stoßtherapie wurde der Patient wieder beschwerdefrei, die MRT-Auffälligkeiten und das Papillödem bildeten sich wieder vollständig zurück.Diskussion: Ein erhöhter Hirndruck mit begleitendem Papillödem sowie Kopfschmerzen und Nüchternerbrechen sind als hervorstechende Symptomatik einer ADEM sehr selten beschrieben. Die der ADEM zuzuschreibende Klinik kann sich offenbar auch langsam über mehrere Wochen entwickeln. Da in diesen Fällen möglicherweise im initialen Magnetresonanztomogramm des Schädels teilweise noch keine eindeutigen Demyelinisierungsherde zu sehen sind, sollte bei fortbestehenden klinischen Auffälligkeiten die zerebrale Bildgebung großzügig kontrolliert werden.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of TLR signaling fine-tunes anti-influenza B cell responses without regulating effector T cell responses.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1070705.523621 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Dorothy Yuan

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

B Cell ◽

T Cell Responses ◽

Influenza B ◽

Tlr Signaling ◽

Effector T Cell ◽

Cell Responses ◽

B Cell Responses

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Highly conserved protective epitopes on influenza B viruses.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.717956527.793495070 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Albert Osterhaus

Keyword(s):

Influenza B

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Multiple sclerosis presenting as a relapsing amnestic syndrome.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718002717.793475479 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Declan Chard

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Amnestic Syndrome

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Recurring Influenza B Virus Infections in Seals

Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽

10.3201/eid1903.120965 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 511-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Rogier Bodewes ◽

Danny Morick ◽

Gerrie de Mutsert ◽

Nynke Osinga ◽

Theo Bestebroer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza B Virus ◽

Influenza B ◽

Virus Infections ◽

B Virus

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A Randomized Trial of Two 2-Dose Influenza Vaccination Strategies for Patients Following Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciaa1711 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Benjamin W Teh ◽

Vivian K Y Leung ◽

Francesca L Mordant ◽

Sheena G Sullivan ◽

Trish Joyce ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽

Stem Cell Transplantation ◽

Influenza Vaccination ◽

Cell Transplantation ◽

Hematopoietic Stem Cell ◽

Influenza B ◽

High Dose ◽

Hematopoietic Stem

Abstract Background Seroprotection and seroconversion rates are not well understood for 2-dose inactivated influenza vaccination (IIV) schedules in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHCT) patients. Methods A randomized, single-blind, controlled trial of IIV in autoHCT patients in their first year post-transplant was conducted. Patients were randomized 1:1 to high-dose (HD) IIV followed by standard dose (SD) vaccine (HD-SD arm) or 2 SD vaccines (SD-SD arm) 4 weeks apart. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay for IIV strains was performed at baseline, 1, 2, and 6 months post–first dose. Evaluable primary outcomes were seroprotection (HI titer ≥40) and seroconversion (4-fold titer increase) rates and secondary outcomes were geometric mean titers (GMTs), GMT ratios (GMRs), adverse events, influenza-like illness (ILI), and laboratory-confirmed influenza (LCI) rates and factors associated with seroconversion. Results Sixty-eight patients were enrolled (34/arm) with median age of 61.5 years, majority male (68%) with myeloma (68%). Median time from autoHCT to vaccination was 2.3 months. For HD-SD and SD-SD arms, percentages of patients achieving seroprotection were 75.8% and 79.4% for H1N1, 84.9% and 88.2% for H3N2 (all P > .05), and 78.8% and 97.1% for influenza-B/Yamagata (P = .03), respectively. Seroconversion rates, GMTs and GMRs, and number of ILI or LCIs were not significantly different between arms. Adverse event rates were similar. Receipt of concurrent cancer therapy was independently associated with higher odds of seroconversion (OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.2–14.9; P = .02). Conclusions High seroprotection and seroconversion rates against all influenza strains can be achieved with vaccination as early as 2 months post-autoHCT with either 2-dose vaccine schedules. Clinical Trials Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12619000617167.

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