scholarly journals Disentangling the relative importance of spatio-temporal parameters and host specificity in shaping arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus communities in a temperate forest

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie Grünfeld ◽  
Magkdi Mola ◽  
Monika Wulf ◽  
Stefan Hempel ◽  
Stavros D. Veresoglou
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Time Space

AbstractMany woody and herbaceous plants in temperate forests cannot establish and survive in the absence of mycorrhizal associations. Most temperate forests are dominated by ectomycorrhizal woody plant species, which implies that the carrying capacity of the habitat for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is relatively low and AMF could in some cases experience a limitation of propagules. Here we address how the AMF community composition varied in a small temperate forest site in Germany in relation to time, space, two plant host species, and also with regard to the degree to which plots were covered with AMF-associating woody species. The AMF communities in our study were non-random. We observed that space had a greater impact on fungal community composition than either time, mycorrhizal state of the close-by woody species, or the identity of the host plant. The identity of the host plant was the only parameter that modified AMF richness in the roots. The set of parameters which we addressed has rarely been studied together, and the resulting ranking could ease prioritizing some of them to be included in future surveys. AMF are crucial for the establishment of understory plants in temperate forests, making it desirable to further explore how they vary in time and space.

scholarly journals Assessment of Soil Organic Carbon Stock of Temperate Coniferous Forests in Northern Kashmir

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-178
Author(s):  
Davood A. Dar ◽  
Bhawana Pathak ◽  
M. H. Fulekar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stock ◽  
Organic Carbon Stock

 Soil organic carbon (SOC) estimation in temperate forests of the Himalaya is important to estimate their contribution to regional, national and global carbon stocks. Physico chemical properties of soil were quantified to assess soil organic carbon density (SOC) and SOC CO2 mitigation density at two soil depths (0-10 and 10-20 cms) under temperate forest in the Northern region of Kashmir Himalayas India. The results indicate that conductance, moisture content, organic carbon and organic matter were significantly higher while as pH and bulk density were lower at Gulmarg forest site. SOC % was ranging from 2.31± 0.96 at Gulmarg meadow site to 2.31 ± 0.26 in Gulmarg forest site. SOC stocks in these temperate forests were from 36.39 ±15.40 to 50.09 ± 15.51 Mg C ha-1. The present study reveals that natural vegetation is the main contributor of soil quality as it maintained the soil organic carbon stock. In addition, organic matter is an important indicator of soil quality and environmental parameters such as soil moisture and soil biological activity change soil carbon sequestration potential in temperate forest ecosystems.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12186International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2014/15; page: 161-178

scholarly journals Towards Growth of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Independent of a Plant Host

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1919-1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Hildebrandt ◽  
Katharina Janetta ◽  
Hermann Bothe
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Hyphal Coils ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Root Tissues

ABSTRACT When surface-sterilized spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus intraradices Sy167 were germinated on agar plates in the slightly modified minimum mineral medium described by G. Bécard and J. A. Fortin (New Phytol. 108:211-218, 1988), slime-forming bacteria, identified as Paenibacillus validus, frequently grew up. These bacteria were able to support growth of the fungus on the agar plates. In the presence of P. validus, hyphae branched profusely and formed coiled structures. These were much more densely packed than the so-called arbuscule-like structures which are formed by AMF grown in coculture with carrot roots transformed with T-DNA from Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The presence of P. validus alone also enabled G. intraradices to form new spores, mainly at the densely packed hyphal coils. The new spores were not as abundant as and were smaller than those formed by AMF in the monoxenic culture with carrot root tissues, but they also contained lipid droplets and a large number of nuclei. In these experiments P. validus could not be replaced by bacteria such as Escherichia coli K-12 or Azospirillum brasilense Sp7. Although no conditions under which the daughter spores regerminate and colonize plants have been found yet, and no factor(s) from P. validus which stimulates fungal growth has been identified, the present findings might be a significant step forward toward growth of AMF independent of any plant host.

scholarly journals Coordinated Changes In The Accumulation Of Metal Ions In Maize (Zea mays ssp. mays L.) In Response To Inoculation With The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Funneliformis mosseae

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rosario Ramirez-Flores ◽  
Ruben Rellan-Alvarez ◽  
Barbara Wozniak ◽  
Mesfin-Nigussie Gebreselassie ◽  
Iver Jakobsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Funneliformis Mosseae ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
External Hyphae ◽  
The Impact

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is an ancient interaction between plants and fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota. In exchange for photosynthetically fixed carbon, the fungus provides the plant host with greater access to soil nutrients via an extensive network of root-external hyphae. Here, to determine the impact of the symbiosis on the host ionome, the concentration of nineteen elements was determined in the roots and leaves of a panel of thirty maize varieties, grown under phosphorus limiting conditions, with, or without, inoculation with the fungus Funneliformis mosseae. Although the most recognized benefit of the symbiosis to the host plant is greater access to soil phosphorus, the concentration of a number of other elements responded significantly to inoculation across the panel as a whole. In addition, variety-specific effects indicated the importance of plant genotype to the response. Clusters of elements were identified that varied in a coordinated manner across genotypes, and that were maintained between non-inoculated and inoculated plants.AbbreviationsNCnon-colonizedMmycorrhizalSDWshoot dry weightICP-MSinductively coupled plasma mass spectrometryPCprincipal component

scholarly journals Hierarchical spatial sampling reveals factors influencing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus diversity in Côte d’Ivoire cocoa plantations

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Rincón ◽  
Germain Droh ◽  
Lucas Villard ◽  
Frédéric G. Masclaux ◽  
Assanvo N’guetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Amf Communities

AbstractWhile many molecular studies have documented arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities in temperate ecosystems, very few studies exist in which molecular techniques have been used to study tropical AMF communities. Understanding the composition of AMF communities in tropical areas gains special relevance as crop productivity in typically low fertility tropical soils can be improved with the use of AMF. We used a hierarchical sampling approach in which we sampled soil from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) plantations nested in localities, and in which localities were nested within each of three regions of Côte d’Ivoire. This sampling strategy, combined with 18S rRNA gene sequencing and a dedicated de novo OTU-picking model, allowed us to study AMF community composition and how it is influenced at different geographical scales and across environmental gradients. Several factors, including pH, influenced overall AMF alpha diversity and differential abundance of specific taxa and families of the Glomeromycotina. Assemblages and diversity metrics at the local scale did not reliably predict those at regional scales. The amount of variation explained by soil, climate, and geography variables left a large proportion of the variance to be explained by other processes, likely happening at smaller scales than the ones considered in this study. Gaining a better understanding of processes involved in shaping tropical AMF community composition and AMF establishment are much needed and could allow for the development of sustainable, productive tropical agroecosystems.

scholarly journals Disentangling the relative importance of spatio-temporal parameters and host selectivity in shaping AMF communities in temperate forests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie Grünfeld ◽  
Magkdi Mola ◽  
Monika Wulf ◽  
Stefan Hempel ◽  
Stavros D Veresoglou
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Host Identity ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Amf Communities ◽  
Soil Borne Fungi

AbstractMany woody and herbaceous plants in temperate forests cannot establish and survive in the absence of mycorrhizal associations. Here, we address and hierarchize how Glomeromycota, a group of soil-borne fungi, forming a ubiquitous type of mycorrhiza, varied in a temperate forest patch in Germany with time, space, plant hosts but also the proximity to Glomeromycota-associating woody species. The communities of Glomeromycota in our study were non-random. We observed that space had a greater impact on fungal community structure than either time or proximity to Glomeromycota-associating trees but unlike host identity did not alter Glomeromycotan richness. The set of parameters which we addressed has rarely been studied together and we believe that the resulting ranking could ease prioritizing some of them to include in future surveys. Glomeromycota are crucial for the establishment of understory plants in temperate forests making it desirable to further explore how they vary in time and space.

scholarly journals Hormonomic Changes Driving the Negative Impact of Broomrape on Plant Host Interactions with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13677
Author(s):  
Kiril Mishev ◽  
Petre I. Dobrev ◽  
Jozef Lacek ◽  
Roberta Filepová ◽  
Bistra Yuperlieva-Mateeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots

Belowground interactions of plants with other organisms in the rhizosphere rely on extensive small-molecule communication. Chemical signals released from host plant roots ensure the development of beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi which in turn modulate host plant growth and stress tolerance. However, parasitic plants have adopted the capacity to sense the same signaling molecules and to trigger their own seed germination in the immediate vicinity of host roots. The contribution of AM fungi and parasitic plants to the regulation of phytohormone levels in host plant roots and root exudates remains largely obscure. Here, we studied the hormonome in the model system comprising tobacco as a host plant, Phelipanche spp. as a holoparasitic plant, and the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. Co-cultivation of tobacco with broomrape and AM fungi alone or in combination led to characteristic changes in the levels of endogenous and exuded abscisic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinins, salicylic acid, and orobanchol-type strigolactones. The hormonal content in exudates of broomrape-infested mycorrhizal roots resembled that in exudates of infested non-mycorrhizal roots and differed from that observed in exudates of non-infested mycorrhizal roots. Moreover, we observed a significant reduction in AM colonization of infested tobacco plants, pointing to a dominant role of the holoparasite within the tripartite system.

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