A theoretical interpretation of ion composition measured on board the ‘Active’ satellite in the European sector during April 10–12, 1990 geomagnetic storm

Abstract. Ion composition measurements on board the ACTIVE satellite during the recovery phase of a strong geomagnetic storm of 10-12 April 1990 revealed extremely high concentrations (up to 103 cm-3) of the NO+, O+2, N+2 molecular ions in the topside F2-region of the European high-latitude zone. Concentrations of O+, N+, He+, H+ light ions were slightly decreased relative to prestorm quite conditions. Theoretical calculations were used to analyze the observed variations in ion concentration. Increased neutral temperature and [O2], [N2] are shown to be the main reasons for the observed ion concentration variations.

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November 2003 event: effects on the Earth's ionosphere observed from ground-based ionosonde and GPS data

Annales Geophysicae ◽

10.5194/angeo-23-3027-2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 3027-3034 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

E. Blanch ◽

D. Altadill ◽

J. Boška ◽

D. Burešová ◽

M. Hernández-Pajares

Keyword(s):

Solar Activity ◽

Geomagnetic Storm ◽

Geomagnetic Activity ◽

Geomagnetic Storms ◽

Gps Data ◽

Electron Content ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Evening Sector ◽

Using Data ◽

European Sector

Abstract. Intense late-cycle solar activity during October and November 2003 produced two strong geomagnetic storms: 28 October-5 November 2003 (October) and 19-23 November 2003 (November); both reached intense geomagnetic activity levels, Kp=9, and Kp=8+, respectively. The October 2003 geomagnetic storm was stronger, but the effects on the Earth's ionosphere in the mid-latitude European sector were more important during the November 2003 storm. The aim of this paper is to discuss two significant effects observed on the ionosphere over the mid-latitude European sector produced by the November 2003 geomagnetic storm, using data from ground ionosonde at Chilton (51.5° N; 359.4° E), Pruhonice (50.0° N; 14.6° E) and El Arenosillo (37.1° N; 353.3° E), jointly with GPS data. These effects are the presence of well developed anomalous storm Es layers observed at latitudes as low as 37° N and the presence of two thin belts: one having enhanced electron content and other, depressed electron content. Both reside over the mid-latitude European evening sector.

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From the Sun to Earth: effects of the 25 August 2018 geomagnetic storm

Annales Geophysicae ◽

10.5194/angeo-38-703-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 703-724 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mirko Piersanti ◽

Paola De Michelis ◽

Dario Del Moro ◽

Roberta Tozzi ◽

Michael Pezzopane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geomagnetic Storm ◽

Interplanetary Space ◽

Current System ◽

Ground Level ◽

The Sun ◽

Geomagnetically Induced Currents ◽

Instrumental Approach ◽

Sequence Of Events ◽

Mass Ejection ◽

European Sector

Abstract. On 25 August 2018 the interplanetary counterpart of the 20 August 2018 coronal mass ejection (CME) hit Earth, giving rise to a strong G3 geomagnetic storm. We present a description of the whole sequence of events from the Sun to the ground as well as a detailed analysis of the observed effects on Earth's environment by using a multi-instrumental approach. We studied the ICME (interplanetary-CME) propagation in interplanetary space up to the analysis of its effects in the magnetosphere, ionosphere and at ground level. To accomplish this task, we used ground- and space-collected data, including data from CSES (China Seismo-Electric Satellite), launched on 11 February 2018. We found a direct connection between the ICME impact point on the magnetopause and the pattern of Earth's auroral electrojets. Using the Tsyganenko TS04 model prevision, we were able to correctly identify the principal magnetospheric current system activating during the different phases of the geomagnetic storm. Moreover, we analysed the space weather effects associated with the 25 August 2018 solar event in terms of the evaluation of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) and identification of possible GPS (Global Positioning System) losses of lock. We found that, despite the strong geomagnetic storm, no loss of lock had been detected. On the contrary, the GIC hazard was found to be potentially more dangerous than other past, more powerful solar events, such as the 2015 St Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm, especially at latitudes higher than 60∘ in the European sector.

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From the Sun to the Earth: August 25, 2018 geomagnetic storm effects

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-1416 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mirko Piersanti ◽

Paola De Michelis ◽

Dario Del Moro ◽

Roberta Tozzi ◽

Michael Pezzopane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geomagnetic Storm ◽

Interplanetary Space ◽

Current System ◽

The Sun ◽

Geomagnetically Induced Currents ◽

Instrumental Approach ◽

Sequence Of Events ◽

The Earth ◽

Mass Ejection ◽

European Sector

On August 25, 2018 the interplanetary counterpart of the August 20, 2018 Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) hit the Earth, giving rise to a strong geomagnetic storm. We present a description of the whole sequence of events from the Sun to the ground as well as a detailed analysis of the onserved effects on the Earth's environment by using a multi instrumental approach. We studied the ICME propagation in the interplanetary space up to the analysis of its effects in the magnetosphere, ionosphere and at ground. To accomplish this task, we used ground and space collected data, including data from CSES (China Seismo Electric Satellite), launched on February 11, 2018. We found a direct connection between the ICME impact point onto the magnetopause and the pattern of the Earth's polar electrojects. Using the Tsyganenko TS04 model prevision, we were able to correctly identify the principal magnetospheric current system activating during the different phases of the geomagnetic storm. Moreover, we analyzed the space-weather effects associated with the August 25, 2018 solar event in terms of evaluation geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) and identification of possible GPS loss of lock. We found that, despite the strong geomagnetic storm, no loss of lock has been detected. On the contrary, the GIC hazard was found to be potentially more dangerous than other past, more powerful solar events, such as the St. Patrick geomagnetic storm, especially at latitudes higher than $60^\circ$ in the European sector.

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49 The interplanetary plasma & the heliosphere

Transactions of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0251107x00011470 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 165-179

Keyword(s):

Solar Wind ◽

Convective Zone ◽

Solar Interior ◽

Theoretical Interpretation ◽

The Sun ◽

Ion Composition ◽

Related Research ◽

Interplanetary Plasma ◽

Compositional Changes ◽

Ion Species

Solar wind ion composition measurements are a unique tool to investigate solar system processes, ranging from the solar interior out to the heliospheric boundary. Compositional changes in the solar wind, which originates in the outer convective zone (OCZ) of the Sun, are produced in the transport of solar matter from the OCZ to the solar corona and in the process of lifting the coronal plasma out of the solar gravitational field up to the termination shock and beyond. During the last three years instrumentation originally designed to measure the composition of the solar wind has detected further pick-up ion species in the solar wind and thereby strongly motivated pick-up ion related research. This review therefore puts particular emphasis on pick-up ion observations and their theoretical interpretation.

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From the Sun to the Earth: August 25, 2018 geomagnetic storm effects

10.5194/angeo-2019-165 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mirko Piersanti ◽

Paola De Michelis ◽

Dario Del Moro ◽

Roberta Tozzi ◽

Michael Pezzopane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geomagnetic Storm ◽

Interplanetary Space ◽

Current System ◽

The Sun ◽

Geomagnetically Induced Currents ◽

Instrumental Approach ◽

Sequence Of Events ◽

The Earth ◽

Mass Ejection ◽

European Sector

Abstract. On August 25, 2018 the interplanetary counterpart of the August 20, 2018 Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) hit the Earth, giving rise to a strong G3 geomagnetic storm. We present a description of the whole sequence of events from the Sun to the ground as well as a detailed analysis of the observed effects on the Earth's environment by using a multi instrumental approach. We studied the ICME propagation in the interplanetary space up to the analysis of its effects in the magnetosphere, ionosphere and at ground. To accomplish this task, we used ground and space collected data, including data from CSES (China Seismo Electric Satellite), launched on February 11, 2018. We found a direct connection between the ICME impact point onto the magnetopause and the pattern of the Earth's polar electrojects. Using the Tsyganenko TS04 model prevision, we were able to correctly identify the principal magnetospheric current system activating during the different phases of the geomagnetic storm. Moreover, we analyzed the space-weather effects associated with the August 25, 2018 solar event in terms of evaluation geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) and identification of possible GPS loss of lock. We found that, despite the strong geomagnetic storm, no loss of lock has been detected. On the contrary, the GIC hazard was found to be potentially more dangerous than other past, more powerful solar events, such as the St. Patrick geomagnetic storm, especially at latitudes higher than 60° in the European sector.

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Strip-like plasma bulges at lower-middle latitudes over a wide range of longitude during 8~9 September 2017 geomagnetic storm

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-2125 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xin Wan ◽

Jiahao Zhong ◽

Chao Xiong

Keyword(s):

Geomagnetic Storm ◽

Ionospheric Irregularity ◽

Combined Effect ◽

Local Times ◽

Neutral Wind ◽

Ion Composition ◽

Low Latitude ◽

Middle Latitudes ◽

Density Peaks ◽

Wide Range

During the geomagnetic storm on 8~9 September 2017, a new kind of ionospheric irregularity is persistently captured in lower-middle latitudes at multiple local times, based on Swarm and DMSP satellites observations. This irregularity is observed as the conjugate strip-like bulge, which extends larger than 150&#176; in longitude but only 1&#176;~5&#176; in latitude. The strip-like bulges can be categorized into sharp and blunt types depending on the sharpness of the density peaks. The blunt type is short-lived and appears earlier than the sharp type in the afternoon-sunset sector. The sharp type is long-lived and appears at all the observed local times. Both two types of strip-like bulges are dominated by the ion composition of the H+ /He+. This is the first evidence that the plasmaspheric particles are involved in forming the ionospheric structure at such low latitude. Moreover, the latitude/L-shell of the bulges decreased synchronously with the plasmaspheric compression. Also, these two types of strip-like bulges show different longitudinal dependencies controlled by the magnetic declination. We suggest that the combined effect from the plasmaspheric downwelling and disturbance neutral wind is responsible for the appearance of the strip-like bulges.

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