From the Sun to the Earth: August 25, 2018 geomagnetic storm effects

On August 25, 2018 the interplanetary counterpart of the August 20, 2018 Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) hit the Earth, giving rise to a strong geomagnetic storm. We present a description of the whole sequence of events from the Sun to the ground as well as a detailed analysis of the onserved effects on the Earth's environment by using a multi instrumental approach. We studied the ICME propagation in the interplanetary space up to the analysis of its effects in the magnetosphere, ionosphere and at ground. To accomplish this task, we used ground and space collected data, including data from CSES (China Seismo Electric Satellite), launched on February 11, 2018. We found a direct connection between the ICME impact point onto the magnetopause and the pattern of the Earth's polar electrojects. Using the Tsyganenko TS04 model prevision, we were able to correctly identify the principal magnetospheric current system activating during the different phases of the geomagnetic storm. Moreover, we analyzed the space-weather effects associated with the August 25, 2018 solar event in terms of evaluation geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) and identification of possible GPS loss of lock. We found that, despite the strong geomagnetic storm, no loss of lock has been detected. On the contrary, the GIC hazard was found to be potentially more dangerous than other past, more powerful solar events, such as the St. Patrick geomagnetic storm, especially at latitudes higher than $60^\circ$ in the European sector.

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From the Sun to the Earth: August 25, 2018 geomagnetic storm effects

10.5194/angeo-2019-165 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mirko Piersanti ◽

Paola De Michelis ◽

Dario Del Moro ◽

Roberta Tozzi ◽

Michael Pezzopane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geomagnetic Storm ◽

Interplanetary Space ◽

Current System ◽

The Sun ◽

Geomagnetically Induced Currents ◽

Instrumental Approach ◽

Sequence Of Events ◽

The Earth ◽

Mass Ejection ◽

European Sector

Abstract. On August 25, 2018 the interplanetary counterpart of the August 20, 2018 Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) hit the Earth, giving rise to a strong G3 geomagnetic storm. We present a description of the whole sequence of events from the Sun to the ground as well as a detailed analysis of the observed effects on the Earth's environment by using a multi instrumental approach. We studied the ICME propagation in the interplanetary space up to the analysis of its effects in the magnetosphere, ionosphere and at ground. To accomplish this task, we used ground and space collected data, including data from CSES (China Seismo Electric Satellite), launched on February 11, 2018. We found a direct connection between the ICME impact point onto the magnetopause and the pattern of the Earth's polar electrojects. Using the Tsyganenko TS04 model prevision, we were able to correctly identify the principal magnetospheric current system activating during the different phases of the geomagnetic storm. Moreover, we analyzed the space-weather effects associated with the August 25, 2018 solar event in terms of evaluation geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) and identification of possible GPS loss of lock. We found that, despite the strong geomagnetic storm, no loss of lock has been detected. On the contrary, the GIC hazard was found to be potentially more dangerous than other past, more powerful solar events, such as the St. Patrick geomagnetic storm, especially at latitudes higher than 60° in the European sector.

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From the Sun to Earth: effects of the 25 August 2018 geomagnetic storm

Annales Geophysicae ◽

10.5194/angeo-38-703-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 703-724 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mirko Piersanti ◽

Paola De Michelis ◽

Dario Del Moro ◽

Roberta Tozzi ◽

Michael Pezzopane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geomagnetic Storm ◽

Interplanetary Space ◽

Current System ◽

Ground Level ◽

The Sun ◽

Geomagnetically Induced Currents ◽

Instrumental Approach ◽

Sequence Of Events ◽

Mass Ejection ◽

European Sector

Abstract. On 25 August 2018 the interplanetary counterpart of the 20 August 2018 coronal mass ejection (CME) hit Earth, giving rise to a strong G3 geomagnetic storm. We present a description of the whole sequence of events from the Sun to the ground as well as a detailed analysis of the observed effects on Earth's environment by using a multi-instrumental approach. We studied the ICME (interplanetary-CME) propagation in interplanetary space up to the analysis of its effects in the magnetosphere, ionosphere and at ground level. To accomplish this task, we used ground- and space-collected data, including data from CSES (China Seismo-Electric Satellite), launched on 11 February 2018. We found a direct connection between the ICME impact point on the magnetopause and the pattern of Earth's auroral electrojets. Using the Tsyganenko TS04 model prevision, we were able to correctly identify the principal magnetospheric current system activating during the different phases of the geomagnetic storm. Moreover, we analysed the space weather effects associated with the 25 August 2018 solar event in terms of the evaluation of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) and identification of possible GPS (Global Positioning System) losses of lock. We found that, despite the strong geomagnetic storm, no loss of lock had been detected. On the contrary, the GIC hazard was found to be potentially more dangerous than other past, more powerful solar events, such as the 2015 St Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm, especially at latitudes higher than 60∘ in the European sector.

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A review of the SCOSTEP’s 5-year scientific program VarSITI—Variability of the Sun and Its Terrestrial Impact

Progress in Earth and Planetary Science ◽

10.1186/s40645-021-00410-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kazuo Shiokawa ◽

Katya Georgieva

Keyword(s):

Solar Wind ◽

Interplanetary Space ◽

Solar Wind Plasma ◽

The Sun ◽

Scientific Program ◽

Solar Cycles ◽

Grand Minimum ◽

The Earth ◽

Earth Connection ◽

Near Future

AbstractThe Sun is a variable active-dynamo star, emitting radiation in all wavelengths and solar-wind plasma to the interplanetary space. The Earth is immersed in this radiation and solar wind, showing various responses in geospace and atmosphere. This Sun–Earth connection variates in time scales from milli-seconds to millennia and beyond. The solar activity, which has a ~11-year periodicity, is gradually declining in recent three solar cycles, suggesting a possibility of a grand minimum in near future. VarSITI—variability of the Sun and its terrestrial impact—was the 5-year program of the scientific committee on solar-terrestrial physics (SCOSTEP) in 2014–2018, focusing on this variability of the Sun and its consequences on the Earth. This paper reviews some background of SCOSTEP and its past programs, achievements of the 5-year VarSITI program, and remaining outstanding questions after VarSITI.

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Observations of interplanetary scintillation in China

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921313002998 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (S294) ◽

pp. 487-488

Author(s):

Li-Jia Liu ◽

Bo Peng

Keyword(s):

Solar Wind ◽

Interplanetary Medium ◽

Interplanetary Space ◽

Solar Wind Speed ◽

Small Diameter ◽

Primary Source ◽

Radio Sources ◽

The Sun ◽

Interplanetary Scintillation ◽

The Earth

AbstractThe Sun affects the Earth in multiple ways. In particular, the material in interplanetary space comes from coronal expansion in the form of solar wind, which is the primary source of the interplanetary medium. Ground-based Interplanetary Scintillation (IPS) observations are an important and effective method for measuring solar wind speed and the structures of small diameter radio sources. In this paper we will discuss the IPS observations in China.

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Magnetospheric response to the interaction with the sporadic solar wind diamagnetic structure

Solar-Terrestrial Physics ◽

10.12737/stp-73202102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 11-28

Author(s):

Vladimir Parkhomov ◽

Viktor Eselevich ◽

Maxim Eselevich ◽

Alexei Dmitriev ◽

Alla Suvorova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Wind ◽

Electric Field ◽

Classical Model ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

The Sun ◽

Large Size ◽

The Earth ◽

Night Side ◽

Mass Ejection ◽

Deep Modulation

We report the results of a study on the movement of the solar wind diamagnetic structure (DS), which is a sequence of smaller-scale microDS being part of the May 18, 2013 coronal mass ejection, from a source on the Sun to Earth’s surface. DS determined from the high negative correlation coefficient (r=–0.9) between the IMF modulus (B) and the SW density (N) on the ACE and Wind satellites at the L1 point, on the THB and THC satellites (r=–0.9) in near-Earth orbit, and on the THA satellite inside the magnetosphere is carried by the solar wind from the Sun to Earth’s orbit, while maintaining its fine internal structure. Having a large size in the radial direction (≈763 Rᴇ, where Rᴇ is the Earth radius), DS flows around the magnetosphere. At the same time, microDS of size ≤13 Rᴇ passes through the bow shock and magnetopause as a magnetized plasmoid in which the ion concentration increases from 10 cm⁻³ to 90 cm⁻³, and the velocity decreases as it moves toward the magnetotail. When a microDS passes through the magnetopause, a pulsed electric field of ~400 mV/m is generated with subsequent oscillations with a period of T~200 s and an amplitude of ~50 mV/m. The electric field accelerates charged particles of the radiation belt and produces modulated fluxes of protons in an energy range 95–575 keV on the day side and electrons in 40–475 keV and protons in 95–575 keV on the night side. In the duskside magnetosphere (19–23 MLT), the substorm activation is observed in geomagnetic pulsations and auroras, but without a magnetic negative bay. In the post-midnight sector (01–05 MLT), a sawtooth substorm occurs without the growth phase and breakup with deep modulation of the ionospheric current and auroral absorption. The duration of all phenomena in the magnetosphere and on Earth is determined by the period of interaction between DS and the magnetosphere (~4 hrs). To interpret the regularities of the magnetospheric response to the interaction with DS, we consider alternative models of the impulsive passage of DS from SW to the magnetosphere and the classical model of reconnection of IMF and the geomagnetic field.

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Manuscript # angeo-2019-165: From the Sun to the Earth: August 25, 2018 geomagnetic storm effects

10.5194/angeo-2019-165-rc1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anonymous

Keyword(s):

Geomagnetic Storm ◽

The Sun ◽

Storm Effects ◽

The Earth

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Failure to forecast: A case study in nowcasting and forecasting the eruption of a coronal mass ejection and its geomagnetic impacts on Dec 7-10, 2020.

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-15520 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Gallagher ◽

Sophie Murray ◽

John Malone-Leigh ◽

Joan Campanyà ◽

Alberto Cañizares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Solar Wind ◽

Solar Flares ◽

Theoretical Models ◽

Western Hemisphere ◽

The Sun ◽

The Earth ◽

Simple Event ◽

Mass Ejection

Forecasting solar flares based on while-light images and photospheric magnetograms of sunspots is notoriously challenging, while accurate forecasting of coronal mass ejections (CME) is still in its infancy. That said, the chances of a CME being launched is more likely following a flare. CMEs launched from the western hemisphere and &#8220;halo&#8221; CMEs are the most likely to be geomagnetically impactful, but forecasting their arrival and impact at Earth depends on how well their velocity is known near the Sun, the solar wind conditions between the Sun and the Earth, the accuracy of theoretical models and on the orientation of the CME magnetic field.&#160; In this presentation, we describe a well observed active region, flare, CME, radio burst and sudden geomagnetic impulse that was observed on December 7-10, 2020 by a slew of instruments (SDO, ACE, DSCOVR, PSP, US and European magnetometers). This was a solar eruption that was not expected, but the CME and resulting geomagnetic impact should have been straight-forward to model and forecast. What can we learn from our failure to forecast this simple event and its impacts at Earth?&#160;

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Multi-spacecraft Observations of interacting CME flux ropes

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-6043 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Emilia Kilpua ◽

Simon Good ◽

Erika Palmerio ◽

Eleanna Asvestari ◽

Jens Pomoell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Significant Interaction ◽

Interplanetary Space ◽

Flux Rope ◽

The Sun ◽

The Earth ◽

General Importance ◽

Solar Cycle 24 ◽

Solar Eruptions ◽

Cycle 24

Interactions between coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in interplanetary space are a highly important aspect for understanding their physical dynamics and evolution as well as their space weather consequences. Here we present an analysis of three CMEs that erupted from the Sun on June 12-14, 2012 using almost radially aligned spacecraft at Venus and Earth, complemented by heliospheric imaging and modelling with EUHFORIA. These multi-spacecraft observations were critical for interpreting the event correctly, in particular regarding the last two CMEs in the series (June 13 and June 14). At the orbit of Venus these CMEs were mostly separate with the June 14 CME just about to reach the previous CME. A significant interaction occurred before the CMEs reached the Earth. The shock of the June 14 CME had propagated through the June 13 CME and the two CMEs had coalesced into a single large flux rope structure before they reached the Earth. This merged flux rope had one of the largest magnetic field magnitudes observed in the near-Earth solar wind during Solar Cycle 24. We discuss also the general importance of multi-spacecraft observations and modelling using them in analyzing solar eruptions.

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Understanding Space Weather: The Sun as a Variable Star

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society ◽

10.1175/bams-d-11-00179.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 93 (9) ◽

pp. 1327-1335 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Keith Strong ◽

Julia Saba ◽

Therese Kucera

Keyword(s):

Space Weather ◽

Variable Star ◽

Interplanetary Space ◽

Sunspot Cycle ◽

Core Competency ◽

Total Solar Irradiance ◽

The Sun ◽

Internal Dynamics ◽

American Meteorological Society ◽

The Earth

The American Meteorological Society has recently adopted space weather as a new core competency. This is the first in a series of papers discussing the multidisciplinary aspects of space weather. This paper concerns the physics behind solar variability, the driver of space weather. We follow the tortuous journey of the energy from its production in the solar core until it escapes into interplanetary space, showing how the internal dynamics and structure of the Sun change its nature. We show how the production and dissipation of magnetic fields are a key clue to untangling the riddle of the sunspot cycle and how that, in turn, affects the amount of radiation that the Earth receives from the Sun—the total solar irradiance.

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