scholarly journals Correction to: The clinical features, management options and complications of paediatric femoral fractures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Duffy ◽  
Yael Gelfer ◽  
Alex Trompeter ◽  
Anna Clarke ◽  
Fergal Monsell
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Femoral Fractures ◽  
Management Options

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-021-02998-y

Lambert-Eaton Myasthenia Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron E. Miller ◽  
Teresa M. DeAngelis
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Junction ◽  
Calcium Channels ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Presynaptic Membrane ◽  
Tumor Removal ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Voltage Gated Calcium Channels ◽  
Severe Weakness

Lambert-Eaton myasthenia syndrome (LEMS) is an autoimmune-mediated disorder of the neuromuscular junction, which involves autoantibodies to voltage-gated calcium channels on the presynaptic membrane. In this chapter, we discuss the characteristic clinical features of LEMS, its electrophysiological distinction from MG, as well as its paraneoplastic presentation. We also review the immunotherapeutic management options in cases with severe weakness and those refractory to tumor removal.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics, Treatments, and Outcomes of Patients with Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries (MINOCA): Results from a Multicenter National Registry

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2779
Author(s):  
Pawel Gasior ◽  
Aneta Desperak ◽  
Marek Gierlotka ◽  
Krzysztof Milewski ◽  
Krystian Wita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Large Population ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Management Options ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Background: Diagnosis of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) requires both clinical evidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and demonstration of non-obstructive coronary arteries using angiography. We compared the clinical features, treatments, and three-year outcomes in patients with MINOCA and myocardial infarction with obstructive coronary artery disease (MI-CAD). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data for 205,606 hospitalized patients with AMI. MINOCA was indicated as a working diagnosis in 6063 patients (2.94% of all AMI patients). For the control group we included 160,886 patients with MI-CAD. We evaluated the baseline characteristics, medication management options, outcomes, and readmission causes at 36 months follow-up. Results: Patients in the MINOCA group were younger. Females constituted a greater proportion of patients in the MINOCA group when compared to MI-CAD patients. STEMI during admission was diagnosed less frequently in the MINOCA group when compared to the MI-CAD group. All-cause mortality at 12 months was higher in the MINOCA group (10.94% vs. 9.54%, p < 0.001). At 36 months, there was no difference in the all-cause mortality rates (MINOCA 16.18% vs. MI-CAD 14.93%, p = 0.081). All-cause readmission rates were lower in the MINOCA group when compared to the MI-CAD group at both 12 months (45.19% vs. 54.33%, p < 0.001) and 36 months follow-up (56.42% vs. 66.66%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This is the first description of the clinical features, treatments, and three-year outcomes in a large population of Polish patients. The main finding of this study was a relatively low rate of MINOCA, with high rates of adverse events both at 12 and 36 months follow-up.

scholarly journals Clinical Features and Outcomes of Bilateral Atypical Femoral Fractures

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kosuke Hamahashi ◽  
Toshihiro Noguchi ◽  
Yoshiyasu Uchiyama ◽  
Masato Sato ◽  
Masahiko Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Femoral Fractures ◽  
Fracture Site ◽  
Prophylactic Surgery ◽  
Atypical Femoral Fractures ◽  
Lateral Cortex ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Complete Fracture

Bilateral atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) are relatively rare. In this report, we retrospectively researched clinical features and outcomes of bilateral AFFs treated at our institution. We previously treated 4 patients (8 limbs) with intramedullary nailing for complete AFFs (6 limbs) and incomplete AFFs (2 limbs). The mean age at the first operation was 53.3 years, and all patients were female. Of the 4 patients, two had breast cancer, and another two had systemic lupus erythematosus. Three of them received bisphosphonates, and 2 received denosumab, proton pump inhibitor, or glucocorticoid therapy. Only 2 of 6 cases of incomplete AFFs had prodromal pain before progressing to complete fracture. The mean interval from the first surgery to contralateral fracture or prophylactic surgery was 16 months. Radiographically, complete bone union was achieved in 6 limbs. However, a small gap at the lateral cortex of fracture site remained in 2 limbs. Finally, all of the patients were pain-free and able to walk without a cane. It is absolutely necessary to confirm contralateral femoral conditions; however, prediction of progression to complete fracture based solely on prodromal pain was difficult. Therefore, we should advise patients about the danger of progression to complete AFFs even if they are asymptomatic, and a prophylactic surgery should be performed after obtaining informed consent.

Management Options and Outcomes for Patients with Femoral Fractures with Post-Polio Syndrome of the Lower Extremity

JBJS Reviews ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. e0146-e0146
Author(s):  
Simon P. Garceau ◽  
Emmanuel N. Igbokwe ◽  
Yaniv Warschawski ◽  
Michael E. Neufeld ◽  
Oleg A. Safir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Femoral Fractures ◽  
Management Options

Benign Essential Blepharospasm

2019 ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Thurtell ◽  
Robert L. Tomsak
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Hemifacial Spasm ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Oromandibular Dystonia ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Orbicularis Oculi ◽  
Essential Blepharospasm ◽  
Meige Syndrome ◽  
Neurologic Disorders

Blepharospasm is an involuntary closure of the eyes that is caused by spasm of the orbicularis oculi. It can be isolated or associated with certain ophthalmic and neurologic disorders, such as progressive supranuclear palsy. In this chapter, we begin by reviewing the clinical features of benign essential blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia (Meige syndrome). We next review the clinical features of apraxia of eyelid opening and hemifacial spasm, since these disorders can occasionally be confused with benign essential blepharospasm. Lastly, we discuss management options for benign essential blepharospasm, which include injections of botulinum toxin A into the orbicularis oculi and surrounding muscles.

Rheumatoid arthritis

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-102
Author(s):  
Mike Backhouse ◽  
Heidi Siddle
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Disease Specific ◽  
Specific Management

In this chapter, we will cover rheumatoid arthritis. First we will describe the epidemiology, aetiology, and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, followed by the histological changes in joints. Clinical features of the disease are described and how it affects the foot and ankle at disease onset and in the early stages. The disability and impact of the disease is considered prior to describing systemic treatment methods. Specific foot disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis is covered, split by area of the foot. Imaging requirements are outlined, including disease-specific considerations, and specific management options are discussed. Finally, clinical trials and the future direction of research are covered.

scholarly journals The clinical features, management options and complications of paediatric femoral fractures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Duffy ◽  
Yael Gelfer ◽  
Alex Trompeter ◽  
Anna Clarke ◽  
Fergal Monsell
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Fractures ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Stable Fixation ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Applied Anatomy ◽  
Diaphyseal Fractures ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Contemporary Practice

AbstractThis article discusses the incidence, applied anatomy and classification of paediatric femoral fractures based on critical appraisal of the available evidence. The aim is to identify techniques that are relevant to contemporary practice whilst excluding the technical details of individual procedures that are beyond the scope of this review. Injuries of the proximal, diaphyseal and distal segments are considered individually as there are considerations that are specific to each anatomical site. Femoral neck fractures are rare injuries and require prompt anatomical reduction and stable fixation to minimise the potentially devastating consequences of avascular necrosis. Diaphyseal fractures are relatively common, and there is a spectrum of management options that depend on patient age and size. Distal femoral fractures often involve the physis, which contributes up to 70% of femoral length. Growth arrest is common consequence of fractures in this region, resulting in angular and length-related deformity. Long-term surveillance is recommended to identify deformity in evolution and provide an opportunity for early intervention. Deliberate injury should be considered in all fractures, particularly distal femoral physeal injuries and fractures in the non-walking child.

Optic Pit Maculopathy: Clinical Features and Management Options

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashanth G. Iyer ◽  
Harry W. Flynn ◽  
Kenneth C. Fan ◽  
Audina M. Berrocal ◽  
Raquel Goldhardt
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Optic Pit ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Optic Pit Maculopathy
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