A Microscale Procedure to Test the Metal Sorption Properties of Biomass Sorbents: a Time and Reagents Saving Alternative to Conventional Methods

Ti/Mg molar ratios will influence the properties of magnesium titanate nanorods, such as morphology, surface area, crystallinity and crystal structure, and then their adsorption capacities for Pb2+.

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Influence of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Heavy Metal Sorption Capacity of Biochar from Poultry Manure

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14216566 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 6566

Author(s):

Jolanta Sobik-Szołtysek ◽

Katarzyna Wystalska ◽

Krystyna Malińska ◽

Erik Meers

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Surface Area ◽

Pyrolysis Temperature ◽

Water Solution ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Buffering Capacity ◽

Sorption Properties ◽

Metal Sorption ◽

Mineral Phases ◽

Heavy Metal Sorption

Sorption properties of various biochars have been extensively investigated by many researchers. One of the parameters that have a significant impact on sorption properties is pyrolysis temperature. This paper presents a study on the effect of pyrolysis temperature (425, 575, 725 °C) on the sorption properties of poultry-manure-derived biochar (BPM). The produced biochars, i.e., BPM425, BPM575 and BPM725, demonstrated specific properties at 425, 525 and 752 °C such as high pH (10.40, 10.65 and 12.45), high ash contents (52.07, 61.74 and 78.38%) and relatively low BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) surface area (11, 17 and 19 m2·g−1). The analysis of the mineral phases of the BPMs confirmed the buffering capacity. The investigated biochars were tested for sorption of Zn, Cd and Pb in mono-, double- and triple-metal batch sorption tests. According to the obtained results, biochar produced at a temperature of 575 °C (BPM575) can function as a sufficient sorbent for the removal of Zn, Cd and Pb from a water solution. The presented results do not confirm the effect of competing metal ions on the sorption efficiency of the selected metals by the investigated biochars. Based on that, the studied biochar sorbents can be used in environments contaminated with many metals.

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Spin-polarized Scanning Electron Microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100176976 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 768-769

Author(s):

Kazuyuki Koike ◽

Hideo Matsuyama

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

High Speed ◽

Magnetic Thin Films ◽

Electron Spin Polarization ◽

Acquisition Time ◽

Magnetization Direction ◽

Spin Polarized ◽

Conventional Methods ◽

Scanning Electron

Spin-polarized scanning electron microscopy (spin SEM), where the secondary electron spin polarization is used as the image signal, is a novel technique for magnetic domain observation. Since its first development by Koike and Hayakawa in 1984, several laboratories have extensively studied this technique and have greatly improved its capability for data extraction and its range of applications. This paper reviews the progress over the last few years.Almost all the high expectations initially held for spin SEM have been realized. A spatial resolution of several hundreds angstroms has been attained, which is nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of conventional methods for thick samples. Quantitative analysis of magnetization direction has been performed more easily than with conventional methods. Domain observation of the surface of three-dimensional samples has been confirmed to be possible. One of the drawbacks, a long image acquisition time, has been eased by combining highspeed image-signal processing with high speed scanning, although at the cost of image quality. By using spin SEM, the magnetic structure of a 180 degrees surface Neel wall, magnetic thin films, multilayered films, magnetic discs, etc., have been investigated.

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The Need Inventory of Sensation Seeking (NISS)

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000085 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 11-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Marcus Roth ◽

Philipp Hammelstein

Keyword(s):

Sensation Seeking ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Factorial Structure ◽

Conventional Methods ◽

New Research ◽

Sensation Seeking Scale ◽

Temperamental Trait ◽

Nonclinical Study

Based on the conception of sensation seeking as a need rather than a temperamental trait ( Hammelstein, 2004 ), we present a new assessment method, the Need Inventory of Sensation Seeking (NISS), which is considered to assess a motivational disposition. Three studies are presented: The first examined the factorial structure and the reliability of the German versions of the NISS; the second study compared the German and the English versions of the NISS; and finally, the validity of the NISS was examined in a nonclinical study and compared to the validity of conventional methods of assessing sensation seeking (Sensation Seeking Scale – Form V; SSS-V). Compared to the SSS-V, the NISS shows better reliability and validity in addition to providing new research possibilities including application in experimental areas.

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