Are ?mating systems? ?breeding systems? of inconsistent and confusing terminology in plant reproductive biology? or is it the other way around?

2005 ◽  
Vol 250 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Neal ◽  
G. J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Plant Reproductive Biology

Reproductive Biology of Australian Myrtaceae

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
DV Beardsell ◽  
SP Obrien ◽  
EG Williams ◽  
RB Knox ◽  
DM Calder
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pollination Biology ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Flower Structure ◽  
Secondary Pollen Presentation ◽  
Pollen Presentation

The diverse floral structures of Australian Myrtaceae are discussed in relation to pollination biology, breeding systems, and ecological and evolutionary relationships. Although the reproductive biology of Eucalyptus has been studied widely, little is known about many of the other genera. The review concludes that additional work is needed on aspects of flower structure, pollination biota, late acting self-incompatibility, secondary pollen presentation and reproductive success.

scholarly journals Comparison of two breeding systems for timing of whelpings in farmed silver foxes (Research Note)

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. HARRI ◽  
J. MONONEN ◽  
T. REKILÄ
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Mating Order ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Mating Time

Two principally different mating systems are practised for farmed silver foxes. In the traditional system the breeding females are kept all the time in cages well separated from each other. In the Nordic system, on the other hand, the breeding females are transferred prior to mating time into a separate shed where they are placed close to each other and sometimes males are put among them. After artificial insemination (AI) or natural matings, the females are transferred in the mating order to new cages. The condensed premating grouping is assumed to enhance the effect of air-borne male and female pheromones leading to a more intense and synchronised heat development. In this study these two systems were compared for timing and synchrony of parturitions. In contrast to the working hypothesis, date of whelpings were positively skewed with a great kurtosis in the traditional system, an indication that the majority of deliveries occurred during a short period and at the beginning of the season. On the other hand, in the Nordic system the whelpings were more uniformly distributed over the whole season and the peak was later. The results show that the most recent system, although widely used, is not necessarily the only possible alternative but other alternatives should also be considered. ;

scholarly journals A new Synbranchus (Teleostei: Synbranchiformes: Synbranchidae) from ilha de Marajó, Pará, Brazil, with notes on its reproductive biology and larval development

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra E. Favorito ◽  
Angela M. Zanata ◽  
Maria I. Assumpção
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Marajó Island ◽  
Northern Brazil

Synbranchus lampreia, new species, is described from rio Goiapi, Marajó Island, Pará, northern Brazil. It differs from the other two described species of the genus by its color pattern, which consists of large roundish black blotches scattered over a light brown or yellowish ground pigmentation and presence of inconspicuous brown small spots distributed among the large dark spots. The species is further distinguished from S. marmoratus by a higher number of vertebrae and from S. madeira by a shorter postanal length. Information about reproductive aspects is provided and larval stages are described and illustrated.

scholarly journals Life histories and the evolution of cooperative breeding in mammals

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1744) ◽  
pp. 4065-4070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Lukas ◽  
Tim Clutton-Brock
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Cooperative Breeding ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Life History Parameters ◽  
Socially Monogamous ◽  
Group Members

While the evolution of cooperative breeding systems (where non-breeding helpers participate in rearing young produced by dominant females) has been restricted to lineages with socially monogamous mating systems where coefficients of relatedness between group members are usually high, not all monogamous lineages have produced species with cooperative breeding systems, suggesting that other factors constrain the evolution of cooperative breeding. Previous studies have suggested that life-history parameters, including longevity, may constrain the evolution of cooperative breeding. Here, we show that transitions to cooperative breeding across the mammalian phylogeny have been restricted to lineages where females produce multiple offspring per birth. We find no support for effects of longevity or of other life-history parameters. We suggest that the evolution of cooperative breeding has been restricted to monogamous lineages where helpers have the potential to increase the reproductive output of breeders.

Comparative flower structure of three species of sundew (Drosera anglica, Drosera linearis, and Drosera rotundifolia) in relation to breeding system

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1129-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian L Murza ◽  
Arthur R Davis
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Flower Structure ◽  
Drosera Rotundifolia ◽  
Pollen Colour ◽  
Secretory Tissue ◽  
Scanning Electron

Whereas much attention has been given to the fascinating prey-trapping leaves of carnivorous plants, less research has been conducted on their flower structure and breeding systems. Accordingly, a comparative study of the floral morphology and anatomy of the three species of sundews (Droseraceae: Drosera anglica Huds., Drosera linearis Goldie, and Drosera rotundifolia L.) in Saskatchewan was performed to ascertain the presence of floral rewards for potential pollinators and to obtain pollen to ovule ratios, an indicator of breeding system. Utilizing light and scanning electron microscopy, differences between the three species were apparent in length of styles, number of placentas, anther and pollen colour, and structure of glandular trichomes on sepals. The occurrence of features unique to each species does not support the concept of D. anglica as a hybrid of the other two species. Flowers of all three species lack nectaries, although clusters of papillate cells that were reminiscent of secretory tissue were observed at the apices of anthers and at the summits of ovaries. Pollen to ovule ratios were low for all species, ranging from 9.0 to 18.7 in D. rotundifolia and D. linearis, respectively, suggesting an autogamous breeding system for each species.Key words: Drosera anglica, Drosera linearis, Drosera rotundifolia, Droseraceae, comparative flower structure, pollen to ovule ratios, breeding system.

Reproductive-Biology of the Australian Species of the Genus Pandorea (Bignoniaceae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA James ◽  
RB Knox
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Fluorescein Diacetate ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Incompatibility Barrier

We studied the reproductive biology of Australian species of Pandorea to facilitate a breeding program designed to develop elite cultivars for the horticultural industry. P. pandorana is protogynous whereas anther dehiscence and stigma receptivity occur at the same time in P. jasminoides and P. baileyana. The stigmas of all species are receptive prior to anthesis and can be artificially pollinated at this stage provided that the stigma lobes can be separated. Pollen viability, tested for P. pandorana and P. jasminoides, deteriorated during the flower life although pollen samples with a low Fluorescein diacetate response (5-14%) still produced many pollen tubes which grew to the base of the style. For all species tested, pollen tubes grew into the ovary in both outcross pollinations and in self pollinations which are known to be incompatible indicating that the incompatibility barrier is within the ovary. Pollen-ovule ratios, determined for P. pandorana and P. jasminoides, were low compared with other published pollen-ovules ratios for taxa with breeding systems based on outcrossing.

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