Comparative flower structure of three species of sundew (Drosera anglica, Drosera linearis, and Drosera rotundifolia) in relation to breeding system

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1129-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian L Murza ◽  
Arthur R Davis
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Flower Structure ◽  
Drosera Rotundifolia ◽  
Pollen Colour ◽  
Secretory Tissue ◽  
Scanning Electron

Whereas much attention has been given to the fascinating prey-trapping leaves of carnivorous plants, less research has been conducted on their flower structure and breeding systems. Accordingly, a comparative study of the floral morphology and anatomy of the three species of sundews (Droseraceae: Drosera anglica Huds., Drosera linearis Goldie, and Drosera rotundifolia L.) in Saskatchewan was performed to ascertain the presence of floral rewards for potential pollinators and to obtain pollen to ovule ratios, an indicator of breeding system. Utilizing light and scanning electron microscopy, differences between the three species were apparent in length of styles, number of placentas, anther and pollen colour, and structure of glandular trichomes on sepals. The occurrence of features unique to each species does not support the concept of D. anglica as a hybrid of the other two species. Flowers of all three species lack nectaries, although clusters of papillate cells that were reminiscent of secretory tissue were observed at the apices of anthers and at the summits of ovaries. Pollen to ovule ratios were low for all species, ranging from 9.0 to 18.7 in D. rotundifolia and D. linearis, respectively, suggesting an autogamous breeding system for each species.Key words: Drosera anglica, Drosera linearis, Drosera rotundifolia, Droseraceae, comparative flower structure, pollen to ovule ratios, breeding system.

Reproductive Biology of Australian Myrtaceae

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
DV Beardsell ◽  
SP Obrien ◽  
EG Williams ◽  
RB Knox ◽  
DM Calder
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pollination Biology ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Flower Structure ◽  
Secondary Pollen Presentation ◽  
Pollen Presentation

The diverse floral structures of Australian Myrtaceae are discussed in relation to pollination biology, breeding systems, and ecological and evolutionary relationships. Although the reproductive biology of Eucalyptus has been studied widely, little is known about many of the other genera. The review concludes that additional work is needed on aspects of flower structure, pollination biota, late acting self-incompatibility, secondary pollen presentation and reproductive success.

scholarly journals Diversity of Termite Breeding Systems

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Vargo
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Social Insects ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Colony Fusion ◽  
Current State ◽  
Primary Reproductives ◽  
Parthenogenetic Reproduction

Termites are social insects that live in colonies headed by reproductive castes. The breeding system is defined by the number of reproductive individuals in a colony and the castes to which they belong. There is tremendous variation in the breeding system of termites both within and among species. The current state of our understanding of termite breeding systems is reviewed. Most termite colonies are founded by a primary (alate-derived) king and queen who mate and produce the other colony members. In some species, colonies continue throughout their life span as simple families headed by the original king and queen. In others, the primary king and queen are replaced by numerous neotenic (nymph- or worker-derived) reproductives, or less commonly primary reproductives, that are descendants of the original founding pair leading to inbreeding in the colony. In still others, colonies can have multiple unrelated reproductives due to either founding the colonies as groups or through colony fusion. More recently, parthenogenetic reproduction has shown to be important in some termite species and may be widespread. A major challenge in termite biology is to understand the ecological and evolutionary factors driving the variation in termite breeding systems.

scholarly journals Diversity of the floral nectaries surface of four Crataegus L. species

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosława Chwil ◽  
Agata Konarska ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cuticular Structure ◽  
Secretory Tissue ◽  
Floral Nectaries ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Made In ◽  
Stomata Number

The performed studies focused on the surface structure of floral nectaries of four species from the following genus: <i>C. coccinea</i> L. , <i>C. crus-galli</i> L., <i>C. curvisepala</i> Lindm and <i>C. prunifolia</i> (Poiret) Pers. The observations of the epidermis area were made in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A nectary appears to be shaped like a slightly curved disk situated between the pistil style and the basal part of the stamens filaments. The nectary area of the studied species differed substantially as regards the cuticle sculpture and stomata number. The nectary secretion in <i>Crataegus</i> flowers proceeds through the stomata located below a level of the other epidermis cells, in the deep indents of the secretory tissue. The highest stomata number in 1 mm<sup>2</sup> nectary epidermis was recorded in <i>C. crus-galli</i>, <i>C. coccinea</i>, <i>C. prunifolia</i> and finally, <i>C. curvisepala</i>. Analyzing the nectary cuticular structure in respect of its increasing complexity (absence or presence of stripes), the investigated taxons can be ordered as following: <i>Crataegus curvisepala</i>, <i>C. coccinea</i>, <i>C. crus-galli</i> and <i>C. prunifolia</i>.

scholarly journals Anatomical and micromorphological properties of some Tanacetum L. (Asteraceae) taxa from Turkey and their systematic implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saban Dere ◽  
Tulay Aytas Akcin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Secretory Cavities ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Distinct Distribution ◽  
Distinguishing Character ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractIn this study, the anatomy and trichome micromorphology ofTanacetum macrophyllum(Waldst.& Kit.) Schultz,T. parthenium(L.) Schultz,T. poteriifolium(Ledeb.) Grierson andT. vulgareL. were examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Some anatomical characters such as presence of secretory cavities and pith in root and mesophyll type in leaf provide information of taxonomical significance. In addition, the existence of a parenchymatic layer, which consists of elongated parenchymatic cells in the stem ofT. macrophyllum,is a distinguishing character. The results obtained from scanning electron microscope studies showed that trichome micromorphology varies among examined taxa. InT. macrophyllum, the eglandular and glandular trichomes especially on disc florets, ligulate florets and cypselas are more sparse, whereas disc florets and cypselas of the other taxa are covered with abundant glandular trichomes. Additionally,T. poteriifoliumandT. partheniumhas a distinct distribution of glandular trichomes forming in a row across the entire cypsela surface.

The Alteration of the Pore Spaces in Sandstones

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
R. E. Ferrell ◽  
G. G. Paulson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Depositional Fabric ◽  
Soluble Components ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Shape And Size

The pore spaces in sandstones are the result of the original depositional fabric and the degree of post-depositional alteration that the rock has experienced. The largest pore volumes are present in coarse-grained, well-sorted materials with high sphericity. The chief mechanisms which alter the shape and size of the pores are precipitation of cementing agents and the dissolution of soluble components. Each process may operate alone or in combination with the other, or there may be several generations of cementation and solution.The scanning electron microscope has ‘been used in this study to reveal the morphology of the pore spaces in a variety of moderate porosity, orthoquartzites.

Use of electron microscopy to characterize the surfaces of flocculent and nonflocculent yeast cells

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1081-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron F. Johnson ◽  
L. C. Sowden ◽  
Teena Walker ◽  
Bong Y. Yoo ◽  
Gode B. Calleja
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Scanning Electron

The surfaces of flocculent and nonflocculent yeast cells have been examined by electron microscopy. Nonextractive preparative procedures for scanning electron microscopy allow comparison in which sharp or softened images of surface details (scars, etc.) are the criteria for relative abundance of flocculum material. Asexually flocculent budding-yeast cells cannot be distinguished from nonflocculent budding-yeast cells in scanning electron micrographs because the scar details of both are well resolved, being hard and sharp. On the other hand, flocculent fission-yeast cells are readily distinguished from nonflocculent cells because fission scars are mostly soft or obscured on flocculent cells, but sharp on nonflocculent cells. Sexually and asexually flocculent fission-yeast cells cannot be distinguished from one another as both are heavily clad in "mucilaginous" or "hairy" coverings. Examination of lightly extracted and heavily extracted flocculent fission-yeast cells by transmission electron microscopy provides micrographs consistent with the scanning electron micrographs.Key words: flocculation, budding yeast, fission yeast, scanning, transmission.

Scanning Electron Microscopy Coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectrometric Analysis Reveals for the First Time Weddellite and Sylvite Crystals on the Surface of Involucral Bracts and Petals of two Xeranthemum L. (Compositae) Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Gavrilović ◽  
Suzana Erić ◽  
Petar D. Marin ◽  
Núria Garcia-Jacas ◽  
Alfonso Susanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tetragonal Bipyramid ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractIn this work, weddellite and sylvite crystals are identified for the first time on the involucral bracts and petals of Xeranthemum annuum and Xeranthemum cylindraceum using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometric (SEM-EDS) analysis. Well-developed crystals of weddellite (CaC2O4·2H2O) occur in the form of a tetragonal bipyramid (hhl), rarely in combination of a bipyramid and tetragonal prism (h00). Indumentum of involucral bracts of X. cylindraceum consists of nonglandular and glandular trichomes. Sylvite (KCl) crystals are observed only on the petal surface of X. cylindraceum. The crystals of sylvite occur in the form of perfect cubes (hexahedrons), but some crystals are deformed, i.e., partially elongated. Taxonomic significance of investigated microcharacters as well as the use of SEM-EDS analysis in taxonomic studies of plants are discussed.

Unraveling the identity of Paepalanthus decorus (Eriocaulaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 518 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
LUCAS ESPINDOLA FLORÊNCIO DA SILVA ◽  
MARCELO TROVÓ
Keyword(s):  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
The Other ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
The South ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
La Plata

Paepalanthus decorus was described by Delia Abbiatti from a single collection of individuals made by Carlos Luis Spegazzini in Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, deposited at the La Plata Museum. The species is known only from the type specimens, which were unusual for being collected far to the south of the distribution of the other species included in P. sect. Diphyomene. In recent nomenclatural treatments for P. sect. Diphyomene, P. decorus was disregarded, remaining known only from its original publication. Here, we critically evaluate the protologue, type specimens, and the vegetative and floral morphology of this species. As a result, we propose its synonymization under P. flaccidus. A detailed comparison of these species is provided, along with comments on typification, with a lectotype designated for P. flaccidus.

scholarly journals Petal and Sepal Epidermal Micromorphology of Six Lathyrus Taxa (Fabaceae) and their Systematic Value

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin CILDIR ◽  
Ahmet KAHRAMAN ◽  
Musa DOGAN
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Systematic Significance ◽  
Trichome Types ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, the epidermal types and their distribution on dorsal and lateral petals, the trichome types and their density on sepals of Lathyrus chloranthus, L. digitatus, L. laxiflorus subsp. laxiflorus, L. roseus subsp. roseus, L. sativus, and L. tuberosus, belonging to sections Lathyrus, Lathyrostylis, Pratensis, and Orobon of the genus Lathyrus in Turkey were investigated using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the systematic significance of these characters was evaluated. These taxa, except L. sativus, are studied for the first time under aspects of the petal and sepal micromorphology. Three major epidermal types were recognized on the petal: tabular rugose striate cells (TRS), areolate cells with more or less striations (AS), and papillose conical striate cells (PCS). TRS and AS were further subdivided into three subtypes. TRS was found on the dorsal and lateral petals of L. chloranthus, L. sativus, and L. tuberosus: the dorsal petals of L. roseus subsp. roseus and the lateral petals of L. laxiflorus subsp. laxiflorus, while AS was present on the dorsal and lateral petals of L. digitatus and the lateral petals of L. roseus subsp. roseus. PCS was found only on the dorsal petals of L. digitatus. Three main types of trichomes on the sepal were observed: peltate glandular, capitate glandular, and nonglandular trichomes. The capitate glandular and nonglandular trichomes were further subdivided into three subtypes. The peltate glandular trichomes were present only in L. chloranthus, but absent in the others. The capitate glandular trichomes were found in L. chloranthus, L. laxiflorus subsp. laxiflorus, L. roseus subsp. roseus, and L. tuberosus. The nonglandular trichomes were always present in L. chloranthus and L. laxiflorus subsp. laxiflorus. The present results show that the petal and sepal micromorphology can be used in delimitation of the taxa based on petal and sepal micromorphology.

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