Phylogeny and systematics of the Lactucinae (Asteraceae) focusing on their SW Asian centre of diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 307 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat E. Güzel ◽  
Kamil Coşkunçelebi ◽  
Norbert Kilian ◽  
Serdar Makbul ◽  
Mutlu Gültepe
Keyword(s):  
Centre Of Diversity

Atriplex retusa, the correct name for A. deserticola (Chenopodiaceae; Amaranthaceae sensu APG)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
TIM BÖHNERT ◽  
FEDERICO LUEBERT ◽  
MAXIMILIAN WEIGEND
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Centre Of Diversity ◽  
The World ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
America South

The genus Atriplex Linnaeus (1753: 1052) (Chenopodiaceae Vent.; placed in Amaranthaceae Juss. s. l. in APG IV 2016) comprises about 300 species distributed mainly in subtropical, temperate, and subarctic regions of the world and is mostly adapted to dry conditions on often saline soils (Sukhorukov & Danin 2009, Kadereit et al. 2010, Iamonico 2013, APG IV 2016). The genus is highly diverse in Eurasia, Australia and North America. South America is another centre of diversity with ca. 55 species, 45 of which are considered as native (Brignone et al. 2016). A recent and exhaustive taxonomical synopsis of Atriplex for South America was published by Brignone et al. (2016), but there are also regional taxonomic revisions, e.g., for Chile by Rosas (1989), or Argentina by Múlgura de Romero (1981, 1982 & 1984).

scholarly journals Anemopaegma kawense (Bignoniaceae), a new species from the Kaw Mountain (French Guiana), with notes on related species and a key to the genus in the Guianas

2021 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-306
Author(s):  
Olivier Lachenaud ◽  
Fabiana Firetti ◽  
Lúcia G. Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Centre Of Diversity ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Guianas ◽  
A New Species

Background and aims – The genus Anemopaegma (Bignoniaceae) includes around 47 species and has its centre of diversity in Brazil. Here, we describe and illustrate a new species from French Guiana, Anemopaegma kawense, and compare it to the two most similar species, A. foetidum and A. granvillei. We further assess the conservation status of all three species.Material and methods – Morphological descriptions are based on herbarium specimens deposited at BM, BR, CAY, INPA, K, MO, P, SPF, and U, and, in the case of the newly described species, also on field observations. The conservation status assessments follow the IUCN Red List criteria.Key results – Anemopaegma kawense differs from both A. foetidum and A. granvillei by its densely villose twigs, longitudinally plicate leaflets with secondary veins not or hardly prominent below, and tertiary veins impressed below. It is further separated from A. foetidum by the leaflets that are villose below and the calyx that is entirely pubescent outside. On the other hand, A. kawense differs from A. granvillei by the densely lepidote outer surface of the corolla, shorter petiolules, leaflets with midrib impressed above, shorter bracts and bracteoles, inflorescence peduncle exceeding the rachis, and pedicels densely puberulous, not lepidote or only sparsely so at the apex. This species is endemic to the Kaw Mountain in north-eastern French Guiana, where it grows in low stunted forest on laterite; it is assessed as Endangered according to the IUCN criteria. New descriptions are provided for A. granvillei, which is newly reported from Suriname, and for A. foetidum, which is newly reported from French Guiana; these two species are assessed as Endangered and Least Concern, respectively. Lectotypes are designated for A. maguirei, which is here synonymised with A. foetidum, and for A. umbellatum, another synonym of that species. A key to the 12 species of Anemopaegma occurring in the Guianas is presented.

Sedum pyriseminum (Crassulaceae), a morphologically remarkable new annual species from the state of Durango, Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 255 (3) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
EMMANUEL PÉREZ-CALIX
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Annual Plant ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Sympatric Distribution ◽  
Centre Of Diversity

Mexico is a proven centre of diversity and endemism for Sedum L. (Crassulaceae) and species new to science are continually being discovered. Sedum pyriseminum E. Pérez-Calix is described and illustrated based on specimens originating from the Mexiquillo region, Durango, Mexico. Sedum pyriseminum E. Pérez-Calix is a small annual plant, 2 cm or less in height. Although other Sedum species with this habit are known, S. pyriseminum does not closely resemble any of them. It is most similar to S. vinicolor S. Watson (= S. forreri E. L. Greene), with which it could be confused as a consequence of their similar size and sympatric distribution. The conservation status of Sedum pyriseminum is assessed as Vulnerable (VU).

Species groups in the genus Ehrharta (Poaceae) in southern Africa

Bothalia ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Gibbs Russell ◽  
R. P. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
The Past ◽  
Centre Of Diversity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Plant Families

Ehrharta Thunb. is a genus of Gondwanaland distribution with its centre of diversity in the winter rainfall Fynbos Biome of southern Africa. In recent subfamily treatments Ehrharta has proved difficult to place satisfactorily, and during the past five years it has been moved between Bambusoideae and Arundinoideae. However, most previous systematic studies using cryptic characters have covered only four taxa out of about 35. The present study includes all African taxa, and demarcates seven species groups on the basis of both spikelet morphology and leaf blade anatomy. Parallelism and/or convergence in vegetative macromorphology within and between the species groups is widespread, and is similar, in some cases, to adaptations found in other plant families in the Fynbos Biome. However, these macromorphological trends are not reflected in the leaf anatomy. Leaf anatomy is generally consistent with the spikelet morphology. Some anatomical differences between the species groups in Ehrharta appear to be as great as differences between taxa of much higher ranks elsewhere in the Poaceae. This wide range of variability may be related to an early divergence of Ehrharteae from other grasses, as suggested by the Gondwanaland distribution, and may explain the difficulty of placing this fascinating yet baffling genus in a subfamily.

Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical diving beetles genus Laccodytes Régimbart, 1895 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2347 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIO TOLEDO ◽  
PAUL J. SPANGLER ◽  
MICHAEL BALKE
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
The North ◽  
Centre Of Diversity ◽  
Diving Beetles ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
North Eastern Part

The Neotropical Laccophilinae genus Laccodytes Régimbart, 1895 is redefined and revised. We recognize ten species, six of which are described as new. We define two species groups: the Laccodytes apalodes-group (L. apalodes Guignot, 1955, L. rondonia sp.n.), and the L. phalacroides-group (L. americanus Peschet, 1919, L. obscuratus sp.n., L. bassignanii sp.n., L. neblinae sp.n., L. olibroides Régimbart, 1895, L. phalacroides Régimbart, 1895, L. takutuanus sp.n., L. androginus sp.n.). Laccophilus pumilio LeConte, 1878, assigned to Laccodytes by Young (1954), belongs to an undescribed genus. Laccodytes species are lotic and most of them inhabit the north-eastern part of South America, apparently with Venezuela and Guyana as centre of diversity. Descriptions, illustrations and SEM photos of habitus, genitals and other diagnostic features are provided for each species, together with habitat notes, when known. We provide a key for species identification.

Two new species in Carex sect. Schoenoxiphium (Cyperaceae) from southern Africa

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 303 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
JOSÉ IGNACIO MÁRQUEZ-CORRO ◽  
ENRIQUE MAGUILLA ◽  
TAMARA VILLAVERDE ◽  
SANTIAGO MARTÍN-BRAVO ◽  
MODESTO LUCEÑO
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Centre Of Diversity ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
The Republic

Carex sect. Schoenoxiphium (18 spp.) is a monophyletic group that has its centre of diversity in eastern south Africa. We describe two new species from the Republic of South Africa and Lesotho on the basis of morphological characters. Both new species (C. badilloi and C. parvirufa) are closely related to C. ludwigii, C. kukkoneniana and C. pseudorufa.

Morphological characterization of diploid and triploid Acorus calamus (Acoraceae) from southern Western Siberia, parthenocarpy in sterile plants and occurrence of aneuploidy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry D Sokoloff ◽  
Mikhail V Skaptsov ◽  
Nikolay A Vislobokov ◽  
Sergey V Smirnov ◽  
Alexander I Shmakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Subsequent Work ◽  
Centre Of Diversity ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Temperate Asia ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Abstract Finding morphological differences between cytotypes that are stable throughout their geographical range is important for understanding evolution of polyploid complexes. The ancient monocot lineage Acorus includes two groups, of which A. calamus s.l., an important medicinal plant, is a polyploid complex with a centre of diversity in Asia. European plants are sterile triploids introduced by humans. An early study suggested that plants from temperate Asia are tetraploids, but subsequent work revealed diploids and triploids rather than tetraploids in Asiatic Russia; however, cytotype diversity in Western Siberia is insufficiently known. We document the occurrence of diploids and triploids in Western Siberia. Triploids that do not differ in genome size from European Acorus are abundant in the valley of the river Ob where the ability for extensive vegetative propagation provides ecological advantages. An isolated population of aneuploid triploids with 33 chromosomes is found outside the Ob valley. Flow cytometry provides an efficient tool for identification of aneuploid plants in Acorus. All triploids are sterile, but their flowers develop uniform parthenocarpic fruits. Fruits of diploids usually vary in size within a spadix depending on the number of developing seeds. In contrast to North America, where the native diploid plants differ from the introduced triploids by the absence of a secondary midrib of the ensiform leaf blade, Siberian diploids are similar to triploids in possessing a secondary midrib. We confirm that diploids differ from triploids in the size of air lacunae in leaves, which is determined by cell number rather than cell size in septa of aerenchyma. A combination of spathe width and spadix length measured after the male stage of anthesis shows different (slightly overlapping) patterns of variation between diploids and triploids in our material.

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