Subsecond changes of global brain state in illusory multistable motion perception

Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) project throughout the cortex to regulate arousal, stimulus salience, plasticity, and learning. Although often treated as a monolithic structure, the basal forebrain features distinct connectivity along its rostrocaudal axis that could impart regional differences in BFCN processing. Here, we performed simultaneous bulk calcium imaging from rostral and caudal BFCNs over a one-month period of variable reinforcement learning in mice. BFCNs in both regions showed equivalently weak responses to unconditioned visual stimuli and anticipated rewards. Rostral BFCNs in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band were more responsive to reward omission, more accurately classified behavioral outcomes, and more closely tracked fluctuations in pupil-indexed global brain state. Caudal tail BFCNs in globus pallidus and substantia innominata were more responsive to unconditioned auditory stimuli, orofacial movements, aversive reinforcement, and showed robust associative plasticity for punishment-predicting cues. These results identify a functional topography that diversifies cholinergic modulatory signals broadcast to downstream brain regions.

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Resting Brain Fluctuations Are Intrinsically Coupled to Visual Response Dynamics

Cerebral Cortex ◽

10.1093/cercor/bhaa305 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michaël E Belloy ◽

Jacob Billings ◽

Anzar Abbas ◽

Amrit Kashyap ◽

Wen-Ju Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reticular Formation ◽

Visual Stimulation ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Brain Dynamics ◽

Brain State ◽

Visual Response ◽

Response Dynamics ◽

Sensory Stimuli ◽

Prominent Component ◽

Global Brain

Abstract How do intrinsic brain dynamics interact with processing of external sensory stimuli? We sought new insights using functional magnetic resonance imaging to track spatiotemporal activity patterns at the whole brain level in lightly anesthetized mice, during both resting conditions and visual stimulation trials. Our results provide evidence that quasiperiodic patterns (QPPs) are the most prominent component of mouse resting brain dynamics. These QPPs captured the temporal alignment of anticorrelation between the default mode (DMN)- and task-positive (TPN)-like networks, with global brain fluctuations, and activity in neuromodulatory nuclei of the reticular formation. Specifically, the phase of QPPs prior to stimulation could significantly stratify subsequent visual response magnitude, suggesting QPPs relate to brain state fluctuations. This is the first observation in mice that dynamics of the DMN- and TPN-like networks, and particularly their anticorrelation, capture a brain state dynamic that affects sensory processing. Interestingly, QPPs also displayed transient onset response properties during visual stimulation, which covaried with deactivations in the reticular formation. We conclude that QPPs appear to capture a brain state fluctuation that may be orchestrated through neuromodulation. Our findings provide new frontiers to understand the neural processes that shape functional brain states and modulate sensory input processing.

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Segregated brain state during hypnosis

Neuroscience of Consciousness ◽

10.1093/nc/niab002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jarno Tuominen ◽

Sakari Kallio ◽

Valtteri Kaasinen ◽

Henry Railo

Keyword(s):

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Brain State ◽

Neural Connectivity ◽

Single Word ◽

Electrophysiological Response ◽

Hypnotic Induction ◽

Brain States ◽

Global Brain ◽

The Brain

Abstract Can the brain be shifted into a different state using a simple social cue, as tests on highly hypnotizable subjects would suggest? Demonstrating an altered global brain state is difficult. Brain activation varies greatly during wakefulness and can be voluntarily influenced. We measured the complexity of electrophysiological response to transcranial magnetic stimulation in one ‘hypnotic virtuoso’. Such a measure produces a response arguably outside the subject’s voluntary control and has been proven adequate for discriminating conscious from unconscious brain states. We show that a single-word hypnotic induction robustly shifted global neural connectivity into a state where activity remained sustained but failed to ignite strong, coherent activity in frontoparietal cortices. Changes in perturbational complexity indicate a similar move towards a more segregated state. We interpret these findings to suggest a shift in the underlying state of the brain, likely moderating subsequent hypnotic responding.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Burst spiking of a single cortical neuron modifies global brain state.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1160680.626187 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Matteo Carandini ◽

Andrea Benucci

Keyword(s):

Cortical Neuron ◽

Brain State ◽

Global Brain

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Indexing brain state-dependent pupil dynamics with simultaneous fMRI and optical fiber calcium recording

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1909937117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (12) ◽

pp. 6875-6882 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Patricia Pais-Roldán ◽

Kengo Takahashi ◽

Filip Sobczak ◽

Yi Chen ◽

Xiaoning Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Processing ◽

Resting State Fmri ◽

Brain Network ◽

Cell Group ◽

Brain State ◽

Correlation Pattern ◽

Activation Patterns ◽

State Dependent ◽

Group 5 ◽

Global Brain

Pupillometry, a noninvasive measure of arousal, complements human functional MRI (fMRI) to detect periods of variable cognitive processing and identify networks that relate to particular attentional states. Even under anesthesia, pupil dynamics correlate with brain-state fluctuations, and extended dilations mark the transition to more arousable states. However, cross-scale neuronal activation patterns are seldom linked to brain state-dependent pupil dynamics. Here, we complemented resting-state fMRI in rats with cortical calcium recording (GCaMP-mediated) and pupillometry to tackle the linkage between brain-state changes and neural dynamics across different scales. This multimodal platform allowed us to identify a global brain network that covaried with pupil size, which served to generate an index indicative of the brain-state fluctuation during anesthesia. Besides, a specific correlation pattern was detected in the brainstem, at a location consistent with noradrenergic cell group 5 (A5), which appeared to be dependent on the coupling between different frequencies of cortical activity, possibly further indicating particular brain-state dynamics. The multimodal fMRI combining concurrent calcium recordings and pupillometry enables tracking brain state-dependent pupil dynamics and identifying unique cross-scale neuronal dynamic patterns under anesthesia.

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Burst Spiking of Single Cortical Neuron Switches Global Brain State

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/conf.neuro.06.2009.03.128 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Dan Yang

Keyword(s):

Cortical Neuron ◽

Brain State ◽

Global Brain

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Computing Hubs in the Hippocampus and Cortex

10.1101/513424 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wesley Clawson ◽

Ana F. Vicente ◽

Christophe Bernard ◽

Demian Battaglia ◽

Pascale P Quilichini

Keyword(s):

Temporal Organization ◽

Brain State ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Functional Roles ◽

Neuron Networks ◽

Order And Disorder ◽

State Dependent ◽

Dynamical Regimes ◽

Brain States ◽

Global Brain

AbstractNeural computation, which relies on the active storage and sharing of information, occurs within large neuron networks in the highly dynamic context of varying brain states. Whether such functions are performed by specific subsets of neurons and whether they occur in specific dynamical regimes remain poorly understood. Using high density recordings in the hippocampus, medial entorhinal and medial prefrontal cortex of the rat, we identify computing microstates, or discreet epochs, in which specific computing hub neurons perform well defined storage and sharing operations in a brain state-dependent manner. We retrieve a multiplicity of distinct computing microstates within each global brain state, such as REM and nonREM sleep. Half of recorded neurons act as computing hubs in at least one microstate, suggesting that functional roles are not firmly hardwired but dynamically reassigned at the second timescale. We identify sequences of microstates whose temporal organization is dynamic and stands between order and disorder. We propose that global brain states constrain the language of neuronal computations by regulating the syntactic complexity of these microstate sequences.

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