Viruses causing mosaic disease in sugarcane and their genetic diversity in southern China

Background and aims – Since historical events often leave an indelible mark on levels of genetic diversity of plant populations, one may indirectly infer their evolutionary history with the help of current patterns of genetic diversity. The terrestrial orchid Habenaria dentata, an element of warm-temperate/subtropical vegetation, reaches its northernmost limits in the Korean Peninsula, and thus it is extremely rare there. As H. dentata was absent from the Peninsula during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), it is likely to be of post-glacial origin having arrived from either a single refugium or multiple refugia. However, its rare, temperate/boreal congener H. linearifolia might have persisted in situ in either macrorefugia or microrefugia on the Peninsula during the LGM.Methods – To test which hypothesis is most appropriate for each species, we investigated levels of allozyme-based (17 loci) genetic diversity and population genetic structure in the two only known populations of H. dentata and in 12 populations of H. linearifolia.Key results – No allozyme diversity was found in H. dentata (He = 0.000), whereas H. linearifolia exhibited low within-population variation (He = 0.060) and high among-population differentiation (FST = 0.237). We found little association between populations in relation to their geographic location; several populations presented individuals belonging to different clusters.Conclusions – Our results suggest that H. dentata likely originated from a single ancestral population (perhaps from southern Japan or southern China) through post-glacial dispersal, whereas H. linearifolia probably survived the LGM in situ in microrefugia situated at low to mid-elevated regions. We further suggest that separate conservation strategies for each species should be employed, given that the two taxa have different ecological and demographic traits and harbour different levels of genetic diversity.

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Potential effects of climate change on the Chinese Bulbul (Pycnontus sinensis) in China

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-014-0452-y ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Longying Wen ◽

Huigen He ◽

Yong Wang ◽

Jimmy Gorimar ◽

Mark Liu

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Genetic Diversity ◽

Literature Review ◽

Range Expansion ◽

Human Disturbance ◽

Southern China ◽

Distribution Range ◽

Population Increase ◽

Increased Temperature

AbstractThe Chinese Bulbul (Pycnontus sinensis) has an extensive distribution throughout southern China. Investigators have reported that the species has expanded its distribution range northward since 1995. We performed a literature review and analysis to examine the relationships between the range expansion of the species and the changes of climate and habitat. We found that the northward range expansion was associated with the increased temperature and human created habitat. We believe that the combination of the increased temperature and the ability to utilize human created habitat while maintaining genetic diversity resulted in the population increase and range expansion of the species. We suggest that increased temperature and human disturbance could lead to evolutionary and distributional changes of some species such as the Chinese Bulbul, therefore possibly making these species indicators of climate change.

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Genetic Structure and Diversity among Species of Salacia: An Endangered Medicinal Herb of Western Ghats, India

South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.38150/sajeb.9(1).p23-33 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 23-33

Author(s):

Chandrashekhar G Patil ◽

Sheetal Ganapati Kamat ◽

R Vasudeva

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Southern China ◽

Issr Marker ◽

Group Method ◽

Population Genetic Differentiation ◽

Expected Heterozygosity ◽

Marker Analysis ◽

Endangered Medicinal Herb ◽

High Level ◽

Genetic Structure And Diversity

Salacia is one of the medicinally valuable genus, distributed throughout tropical areas which include India, Sri Lanka, Southern China and other Southern Asian Countries. The genus Salacia is represented by 21 species in India, among them eight species are recorded from the state of Karnataka in the Southern part of India. Despite its pharmaceutical importance, very little information exists about the genetic diversity of Salacia at molecular level. Hence the present study was carried out to evaluate the genetic among six species of Salacia namely S. chinensis, S. malabarica, S. oblonga, S. macrosperma, S. reticulata and S. gambleana with the help of ISSR marker analysis. Dendrogram and genetic distance were generated adopting Unweighted Paired Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) in the NTSYS-pc software. Basic genetic parameters were calculated by analysing the genetic data with Pop gene 1.32 and GenAlEx 6.2 software. The overall polymorphism across the ten primers screened revealed 26 % polymorphism. A 60% polymorphism was scored for the primer UBC 841, whereas, no polymorphism was observed for primer UBC 840 and ISSR 6. The average observed heterozygosity was more than expected heterozygosity. Observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.15 (UBC 841) to 0.38 (ISSR 6) with an average of 0.25, whereas expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.10 (UBC 843) to 0.35 (ISSR 6) with an average of 0.23 for Salacia species. The higher heterozygosity pointed towards increased genetic diversity amongst the species. ISSR marker analysis showed high level of inter and intra population genetic differentiation.

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Detection of Trypanosoma lewisi from wild rats in Southern China and its genetic diversity based on the ITS1 and ITS2 sequences

Infection Genetics and Evolution ◽

10.1016/j.meegid.2012.02.018 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1046-1051 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Hai-Jun Tang ◽

You-Gen Lan ◽

Yan-Zi Wen ◽

Xi-Chen Zhang ◽

Marc Desquesnes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Southern China ◽

Trypanosoma Lewisi ◽

Wild Rats ◽

Its1 And Its2

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Genetic Diversity of Wild Soybeans from Some Regions of Southern China Based on SSR and SRAP Markers

American Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.4236/ajps.2013.42034 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 04 (02) ◽

pp. 257-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bingrui Sun ◽

Chongyun Fu ◽

Cunyi Yang ◽

Qibin Ma ◽

Dajian Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Southern China ◽

Srap Markers

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Phenotypic and genotypic signature of saponin chemical composition in Chinese wild soybean (Glycine soja): revealing genetic diversity, geographical variation and dispersal history of the species

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp18214 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (11) ◽

pp. 1126

Author(s):

Yuya Takahashi ◽

Xiang-Hua Li ◽

Chigen Tsukamoto ◽

Ke-Jing Wang

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Southern China ◽

Glycine Soja ◽

Wild Soybean ◽

Ice Age ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

The North ◽

Or Genes

Saponin chemical composition was phenotyped and genotyped, and saponin composition-based geographical genetic diversity and differentiation were evaluated in Chinese wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.). Thirty-two phenotypes and 34 genotypes were confirmed from 3805 wild soybean accessions. Eleven phenotypes (AaαK, AaαIK, AaαIJK, AaBcEαJ, AaBcαK, AbEαIJ, AbαK, AbαIK, AbαIJK, AbβHAb and Aβ0) were newly detected. Four genes had frequencies: Sg-1a 78.8% and Sg-1b 21.0% at the Sg-1 locus; Sg-4 30.7% and Sg-6e 13.7% at their respective loci. The north-eastern and southern populations showed high genetic diversity; the Northeast region contained more novel variants (AuAe, A0, A0Bc, αH, αI αJ, αK, and AbβHAb), and the southern populations contained high frequencies of the Sg-4 gene. Gene differentiation (Fst) analysis suggested that Sg-4 and four group-α saponin alleles or genes (Sg-6e, Sg-6h, Sg-6i, Sg-6j) were important factors influencing the genetic structure and differentiation in Chinese wild soybeans. Geographical differentiation was characterised mainly by latitudinal differences, with two primary groups (north and south) based on saponin genes. Chinese wild soybean accessions differed from Japanese and South Korean ones in genetic structure based on saponin composition, the latter two being likely to have spread from southern China in the glacial stages during the last Ice Age.

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Discovery of Genomic Characteristics and Selection Signatures in Southern Chinese Local Cattle

Frontiers in Genetics ◽

10.3389/fgene.2020.533052 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Yuqiang Liu ◽

Lingyang Xu ◽

Liu Yang ◽

Guoyao Zhao ◽

Junya Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Southern China ◽

Local Environment ◽

Candidate Snps ◽

Signature Analysis ◽

Significant Information ◽

Selection Signature ◽

Cattle Breeds ◽

Southern Chinese ◽

Candidate Regions

Chinese local cattle with a high level of genetic diversity mainly originate from two subspecies; the cattle in northern China are primarily Bos Taurus, and the cattle in southern China are primarily Bos indicus. Cattle from southern China are characterized by a specific phenotype and adapted to the local environment. This study explored the genetic diversity, degree of admixture, and selection signature in eight local cattle breeds in southern China. The lowest level of heterozygosity was found in Hainan and Nandan cattle from Hainan and Guangxi province, respectively, whereas the highest level of heterozygosity was detected in Zhaotong cattle from Yunnan province. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree analysis clearly separated Lufeng cattle from other breeds, whereas Leiqiong and Hainan cattle have some crossover. Based on linkage disequilibrium-filtered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the admixture analysis revealed two clusters corresponding to the taurine and indicine cattle lineages, and the local cattle breeds from southern China showed a certain degree of admixture. When K = 4 and 9, we found a slight separation among Leiqiong, Lufeng, and Hainan cattle. Meanwhile, we performed a selection signature analysis in Hainan, Leiqiong, and Lufeng cattle distributed in the extreme south of China, using the integrated haplotype score (iHS), Rsb statistic, and BayeScan software. Using the iHS approach, we identified 251, 270, and 256 candidate regions in Lufeng, Leiqiong, and Hainan cattle, respectively. Moreover, we identified 184, 174, and 146 candidate regions in pairwise comparisons of Leiqiong vs. Lufeng, Leiqiong vs. Hainan, and Hainan vs. Lufeng cattle using the Rsb approach. In addition, we identified 76 loci with a total of 48 genes under selection, based on the FST approach. Several candidate genes under selection were found to be related to meat quality, immunity, and adaptation to the local environment in southern China. Our results provide significant information about the genetic differences among the cattle breeds from southern China and the possible cause of difference in breed-specific characteristics. Selection signature analysis identified a few candidate SNPs and genes related to certain important traits of these cattle. In general, our results provide valuable insights into the genetic basis of specific traits under selection in certain local cattle breeds.

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