Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Aleutian mink disease virus isolates in north-east China

Rabies is a viral zoonosis that is transmissible to humans via domestic and wild animals. There are two epidemiological cycles for rabies, the urban and the sylvatic cycles. In an attempt to study the epidemiological role of wild canidae in rabies transmission, the present study aimed to analyze the genetic characteristics of virus isolates and confirm prior suggestions that rabies is maintained through a dog reservoir in Tunisia. Virus strains isolated from wild canidae were subject to viral sequencing, and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was performed using Beast2 software. Essentially, the virus strains isolated from wild canidae belonged to the Africa-1 clade, which clearly diverges from fox-related strains. Our study also demonstrated that genetic characteristics of the virus isolates were not as distinct as could be expected if a wild reservoir had already existed. On the contrary, the geographic landscape is responsible for the genetic diversity of the virus. The landscape itself could have also acted as a natural barrier to the spread of the virus.

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Diversity and Transmission of Aleutian Mink Disease Virus in Feral and Farmed American Mink and Native Mustelids

Virus Evolution ◽

10.1093/ve/veab075 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jenni Virtanen ◽

Andrzej Zalewski ◽

Marta Kołodziej-Sobocińska ◽

Marcin Brzeziński ◽

Teemu Smura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Disease Virus ◽

American Mink ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Multiple Introductions ◽

Aleutian Mink Disease Virus ◽

Pine Martens

Abstract Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV), which causes Aleutian disease (AD), is widely spread both in farmed mink and wild mustelids. However, only limited data is available on the role of wild animals in AMDV transmission and spread. Our aim was to shed light on AMDV transmission among wild mustelids and estimate the effect of intense farming practices on the virus circulation by studying AMDV prevalence and genetic diversity among wild mustelids in Poland. We compared AMDV seroprevalence and proportion of PCR positive individuals in American mink, polecats, otters, stone martens, and pine martens, and used phylogenetic analysis of NS1 region to study transmission. In addition, we used metagenomic approach to sequence complete AMDV genomes from tissue samples. In eastern Poland, AMDV seroprevalence in wild mustelids varied from 22% in otters to 62% and 64% in stone martens and feral mink, respectively. All studied antibody positive mink were also PCR positive, whereas only 10, 15, and 18% of antibody positive polecats, pine martens, and stone martens, respectively, were PCR positive, suggesting lower virus persistence among these animal species as compared to feral mink. In phylogenetic analysis, most sequences from feral mink formed region-specific clusters that have most likely emerged through multiple introductions of AMDV to feral mink population over decades. However, virus spread between regions was also observed. Virus sequences derived from farmed and wild animals formed separate sub-clusters in the phylogenetic tree and no signs of recent virus transmission between farmed and wild animals was observed despite frequent inflow of farmed mink escapees to wild populations. These results provide new information about the role of different mustelid species in AMDV transmission and about virus circulation among the wild mustelids. In addition, we pinpoint gaps-of-knowledge, where more studies are needed to achieve a comprehensive picture of AMDV transmission.

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Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of the VP2 Gene of Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Isolates

The Journal of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Biophysics ◽

10.1080/10258140290027216 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 93-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mahfuzul M. Hoque ◽

A.R. Omar ◽

M. Hair-Bejo ◽

I. Aini

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Infectious Bursal Disease Virus ◽

Infectious Bursal Disease ◽

Vp2 Gene ◽

Bursal Disease ◽

Virus Isolates

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Novel genome sequences of cell-fusing agent virus allow comparison of virus phylogeny with the genetic structure of Aedes aegypti populations

Virus Evolution ◽

10.1093/ve/veaa018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Artem Baidaliuk ◽

Sébastian Lequime ◽

Isabelle Moltini-Conclois ◽

Stéphanie Dabo ◽

Laura B Dickson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Host Population ◽

Viral Metagenomics ◽

Insect Host ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Geographical Clustering ◽

Virus Isolates

Abstract Flaviviruses encompass not only medically relevant arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) but also insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs) that are presumably maintained primarily through vertical transmission in the insect host. Interestingly, ISFs are commonly found infecting important arbovirus vectors such as the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Cell-fusing agent virus (CFAV) was the first described ISF of mosquitoes more than four decades ago. Despite evidence for widespread CFAV infections in A.aegypti populations and for CFAV potential to interfere with arbovirus transmission, little is known about CFAV evolutionary history. Here, we generated six novel CFAV genome sequences by sequencing three new virus isolates and subjecting three mosquito samples to untargeted viral metagenomics. We used these new genome sequences together with published ones to perform a global phylogenetic analysis of CFAV genetic diversity. Although there was some degree of geographical clustering among CFAV sequences, there were also notable discrepancies between geography and phylogeny. In particular, CFAV sequences from Cambodia and Thailand diverged significantly, despite confirmation that A.aegypti populations from both locations are genetically close. The apparent phylogenetic discrepancy between CFAV and its A.aegypti host in Southeast Asia indicates that other factors than host population structure shape CFAV genetic diversity.

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Complete Genome Sequences of 11 Newcastle Disease Virus Isolates of Subgenotype VII.2 from Indonesia

Microbiology Resource Announcements ◽

10.1128/mra.01519-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Iryna V. Goraichuk ◽

Dawn Williams-Coplin ◽

Michael H. Wibowo ◽

Peter A. Durr ◽

Widya Asmara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Complete Genome ◽

Class Ii ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Layer Chickens ◽

Virus Isolates

We report the complete genome sequences of 11 virulent Newcastle disease viruses. The isolates were obtained from vaccinated broiler and layer chickens in three different provinces of Indonesia in 2013 and 2014. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all isolates belong to subgenotype VII.2 in the class II cluster.

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