The sequence of RNA 1 and RNA 2 of tobacco streak virus: additional evidence for the inclusion of alfalfa mosaic virus in the genus Ilarvirus

1998 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 1187-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Scott ◽  
M. T. Zimmerman ◽  
X. Ge
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Tobacco Streak Virus ◽  
Streak Virus

scholarly journals Assessment of Common Soybean-Infecting Viruses in Ohio, USA, Through Multi-site Sampling and High-Throughput Sequencing

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junping Han ◽  
Leslie L. Domier ◽  
Bryan J. Cassone ◽  
Anne Dorrance ◽  
Feng Qu
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Tobacco Streak Virus ◽  
Streak Virus

Multi-site sampling was conducted during 2011 and 2012 to assess the scope of virus disease problems of soybean in Ohio, USA. A total of 259 samples were collected from 80 soybean fields distributed in 42 Ohio counties, accounting for more than 90% of major soybean-growing counties in Ohio. A high-throughput RNA-Seq approach was adopted to identify all viruses in the samples that share sufficient sequence similarities with known plant viruses. To minimize sequencing costs, total RNA extracted from up to 20 samples were first pooled to make up regional pools, resulting in eight regional pools per year in both 2011 and 2012. These regional pools were further pooled into two yearly master pools of RNA, and sequenced using the Illumina's HiSeq2000 platform. Bioinformatic analyses of sequence reads led to the identification of signature sequences of nine different viruses. The originating locations of these viruses were then mapped with PCR or RT-PCR. This study confirmed the widespread distribution of Bean pod mottle virus, Soybean vein necrosis virus, Tobacco ringspot virus, and Tobacco streak virus in Ohio. It additionally revealed occasional association of Alfalfa mosaic virus, Bean yellow mosaic virus, Clover yellow vein virus, Soybean mosaic virus, and Soybean Putnam virus with Ohio soybean. This is the first statewide survey of soybean viruses in Ohio, and provides the much-needed baseline information for management of virus diseases of soybean. Accepted for publication 20 May 2016. Published 10 June 2016.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Relative Incidence of Viruses Infecting Soybeans in Iran

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 1069-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Golnaraghi ◽  
N. Shahraeen ◽  
R. Pourrahim ◽  
Sh. Farzadfar ◽  
A. Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Tobacco Streak Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Natural Occurrence

A survey was conducted to determine the incidence of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV), Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (BlCMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV), Peanut mottle virus (PeMoV), Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), Tobacco streak virus (TSV), Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) on soybean (Glycine max) in Iran. Totals of 3,110 random and 1,225 symptomatic leaf samples were collected during the summers of 1999 and 2000 in five provinces of Iran, where commercial soybean is grown, and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using specific polyclonal antibodies. Serological diagnoses were confirmed by electron microscopy and host range studies. The highest virus incidence among the surveyed provinces was recorded in Mazandaran (18.6%), followed by Golestan (15.7%), Khuzestan (14.2%), Ardabil (13.9%), and Lorestan (13.5%). Incidence of viruses in decreasing order was SMV (13.3%), TSWV (5.4%), TRSV (4.2%), TSV (4.1%), PEMV (2.9%), BYMV (2.2%), ToRSV (2.1%), AlMV (1.3%), BCMV (0.8%), and CMV (0.6%). Additionally, 1.5% of collected leaf samples had positive reactions in ELISA with antiserum to TMV, indicating the possible infection of soybeans in Iran with a Tobamovirus that is related serologically to TMV. Of 195 leaves from plants showing soybean pod set failure syndrome (PSF) in Mazandaran and Lorestan, only 14 (7.2%) samples had viral infection. No correlation was observed between PSF and presence of the 13 viruses tested, suggesting the involvement of other viruses or factors in this syndrome. To investigate the presence of seed-borne viruses, including SMV, TRSV, ToRSV, and TSV, 7,830 soybean seeds were collected randomly at harvesting time from the major sites of soybean seed production located in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. According to ELISA analyses of germinated seedlings, 7.1 and 8.9% of the seed samples from Golestan and Mazandaran provinces, respectively, transmitted either SMV, TRSV, ToRSV, or TSV through seed. We also showed that SMV and other seed transmissible viruses, as well as TSWV, usually are the most prevalent viruses in soybean fields in Iran. In this survey, natural occurrence of AlMV, BCMV, BlCMV, BYMV, CMV, PEMV, PeMoV, and TSWV was reported for the first time on soybeans in Iran.

scholarly journals Ilarviruses of Prunus spp.: A Continued Concern for Fruit Trees

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1108-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pallas ◽  
F. Aparicio ◽  
M. C. Herranz ◽  
K. Amari ◽  
M. A. Sanchez-Pina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Genome Organization ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Tobacco Streak Virus ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Prunus Spp

Prunus spp. are affected by a large number of viruses, causing significant economic losses through either direct or indirect damage, which results in reduced yield and fruit quality. Among these viruses, members of the genus Ilarvirus (isometric labile ringspot viruses) occupy a significant position due to their distribution worldwide. Although symptoms caused by these types of viruses were reported early in the last century, their molecular characterization was not achieved until the 1990s, much later than for other agronomically relevant viruses. This was mainly due to the characteristic liability of virus particles in tissue extracts. In addition, ilarviruses, together with Alfalfa mosaic virus, are unique among plant viruses in that they require a few molecules of the coat protein in the inoculum in order to be infectious, a phenomenon known as genome activation. Another factor that has made the study of this group of viruses difficult is that infectious clones have been obtained only for the type member of the genus, Tobacco streak virus. Four ilarviruses, Prunus necrotic ringspot virus, Prune dwarf virus, Apple mosaic virus, and American plum line pattern virus, are pathogens of the main cultivated fruit trees. As stated in the 9th Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, virions of this genus are “unpromising subjects for the raising of good antisera.” With the advent of molecular approaches for their detection and characterization, it has been possible to get a more precise view of their prevalence and genome organization. This review updates our knowledge on the incidence, genome organization and expression, genetic diversity, modes of transmission, and diagnosis, as well as control of this peculiar group of viruses affecting fruit trees.

scholarly journals First Report of Parietaria mottle virus on Tomato in Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 1210-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Aramburu
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽  
Tobacco Streak Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Range Data ◽  
Local Lesions ◽  
Plant Pathol

During spring 2001, plants of different tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivars grown in several commercial fields in the eastern Catalonia Region of Spain had fruit with brown patches and young leaves with rings and a bright necrotic mosaic that progressed to stem necrosis of the apex, which might die and later develop new symptomless shoots. The symptoms were similar to those of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Sap of tomato sample R1 (in buffered saline [0.02 M sodium phosphate, 0.15 M NaCl at pH 7.2, containing 0.2% 2-mercaptoethanol]) was infective to Cucumis sativus (local necrosis), tomato cv. Marmande (systemic infection consisting of chlorotic local lesions and necrotic mosaic), Nicotiana clevelandii and N. benthamiana (chlorosis and rosetting), and Chenopodium quinoa (chlorotic local lesions, systemic mottle, and leaf distortion). The sap was not infective to N. glutinosa, N. tabacum cv. Xanthi, Datura stramonium, or Gomphrena globosa. The host range data indicated that the infective agent in sample R1 could be Parietaria mottle virus (PMoV) (1). Symptomatic plants inoculated in a greenhouse with the R1 isolate and symptomatic from tomato plants from the field were analyzed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and had minimum ELISA values at least 10-fold higher than healthy controls, using a polyclonal antiserum (provided by P. Roggero) of a tomato strain of PMoV denoted tomato virus 1 (2). The R1 isolate of PMoV was negative in ELISA when analyzed with commercial antisera to TSWV, CMV, Tomato mosaic virus, Tomato bushy stunt virus, Potato Y virus, Tobacco etch virus, Pelargonium zonate spot virus, and Tobacco streak virus. References: (1) P. Caciagli et al. Plant Pathol. 38:577, 1989. (2) P. Roggero et al. J. Plant Pathol. 82:159, 2000.

scholarly journals Viral Coat Protein Peptides with Limited Sequence Homology Bind Similar Domains of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus and Tobacco Streak Virus RNAs

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 3227-3234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud M. Swanson ◽  
Patricia Ansel-McKinney ◽  
Felicia Houser-Scott ◽  
Vidadi Yusibov ◽  
L. Sue Loesch-Fries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Rna Replication ◽  
Tobacco Streak Virus ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Coat Proteins ◽  
Rna Fragments ◽  
Viral Coat ◽  
Genome Activation

ABSTRACT An unusual and distinguishing feature of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and ilarviruses such as tobacco streak virus (TSV) is that the viral coat protein is required to activate the early stages of viral RNA replication, a phenomenon known as genome activation. AMV-TSV coat protein homology is limited; however, they are functionally interchangeable in activating virus replication. For example, TSV coat protein will activate AMV RNA replication and vice versa. Although AMV and TSV coat proteins have little obvious amino acid homology, we recently reported that they share an N-terminal RNA binding consensus sequence (Ansel-McKinney et al., EMBO J. 15:5077–5084, 1996). Here, we biochemically compare the binding of chemically synthesized peptides that include the consensus RNA binding sequence and lysine-rich (AMV) or arginine-rich (TSV) environment to 3′-terminal TSV and AMV RNA fragments. The arginine-rich TSV coat protein peptide binds viral RNA with lower affinity than the lysine-rich AMV coat protein peptides; however, the ribose moieties protected from hydroxyl radical attack by the two different peptides are localized in the same area of the predicted RNA structures. When included in an infectious inoculum, both AMV and TSV 3′-terminal RNA fragments inhibited AMV RNA replication, while variant RNAs unable to bind coat protein did not affect replication significantly. The data suggest that RNA binding and genome activation functions may reside in the consensus RNA binding sequence that is apparently unique to AMV and ilarvirus coat proteins.

scholarly journals First Report of Tobacco streak virus on Dahlia in the Czech Republic

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mokra ◽  
B. Gotzova ◽  
V. Bezdekova ◽  
P. Dedic ◽  
J. Ptacek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Tobacco Streak Virus ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Dahlia Mosaic Virus

Dahlia is an important ornamental crop in the Czech Republic where they have been grown for more than 150 years. New dahlia cultivars have been selected by Czech plant breeders. Virus diseases, including mosaic and stunt caused mostly by Dahlia mosaic virus, have been a problem. From 2003 to 2005, color breaking was observed in several dahlia cultivars of foreign and Czech origin. White stripes in blossoms were most frequently expressed in the second half of the flowering season. No symptoms are visible in flowers of white and yellow cultivars. It was difficult to characterize symptoms on leaves because most cultivars were infected simultaneously by Dahlia mosaic virus. Sap inoculations of Chenopodium quinoa produced local lesions after 5 to 7 days, followed by systemic chlorosis, necrosis of younger leaves, and death of the shoot apex, indicating possible Tobacco streak virus (TSV) infection (2). Spherical particles (25 to 30 nm) were observed in leaf-dip preparations of samples from experimentally infected C. quinoa plants and analyzed by using transmission electron microscopy. These particles became decorated when using immunoelectron microscopy with TSV IgG (Bioreba, Reinach, Switzerland and Neogen, Ayrshire, Scotland). Samples of 80 dahlia cultivars were tested for TSV infection by ELISA using commercially available kits (Bioreba and Neogen). Most of the samples were grown in a collection of dahlia cultivars of Czech and foreign origin and some were obtained from growers in the Czech Republic. Fifty six dahlia cultivars were shown to be TSV infected. ELISA also indicated a higher concentration of the virus in flowers. The identity of the virus isolated from symptomatic plants was confirmed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using total RNA extraction from symptomatic plants. RT-PCR (4), using a primer pair (1) derived from the coat protein gene sequence of TSV (3), was followed by electrophoresis on 1.0% agarose gels. Products of the predicted size (approximately 700 bp) were found in naturally infected dahlia plants (n = 10), systemically infected host plants C. quinoa (n = 10), and symptomatic Nicotina megalosiphon (n = 10) that scored as TSV positive by ELISA. No bands of this size were seen in negative controls. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of TSV in the Czech Republic. References: (1) A. I. Bhat et al. Arch. Virol. 147:651, 2002. (2) A. A. Brunt Plant Pathol. 17:119, 1968. (3) B. J. C. Cornelissen et al. Nucleic Acids Res.12:2427, 1984. (4) S. S. Pappu et al. J. Virol. Methods 4:9, 1993.

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