scholarly journals Assessment of Common Soybean-Infecting Viruses in Ohio, USA, Through Multi-site Sampling and High-Throughput Sequencing

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junping Han ◽  
Leslie L. Domier ◽  
Bryan J. Cassone ◽  
Anne Dorrance ◽  
Feng Qu
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Tobacco Streak Virus ◽  
Streak Virus

Multi-site sampling was conducted during 2011 and 2012 to assess the scope of virus disease problems of soybean in Ohio, USA. A total of 259 samples were collected from 80 soybean fields distributed in 42 Ohio counties, accounting for more than 90% of major soybean-growing counties in Ohio. A high-throughput RNA-Seq approach was adopted to identify all viruses in the samples that share sufficient sequence similarities with known plant viruses. To minimize sequencing costs, total RNA extracted from up to 20 samples were first pooled to make up regional pools, resulting in eight regional pools per year in both 2011 and 2012. These regional pools were further pooled into two yearly master pools of RNA, and sequenced using the Illumina's HiSeq2000 platform. Bioinformatic analyses of sequence reads led to the identification of signature sequences of nine different viruses. The originating locations of these viruses were then mapped with PCR or RT-PCR. This study confirmed the widespread distribution of Bean pod mottle virus, Soybean vein necrosis virus, Tobacco ringspot virus, and Tobacco streak virus in Ohio. It additionally revealed occasional association of Alfalfa mosaic virus, Bean yellow mosaic virus, Clover yellow vein virus, Soybean mosaic virus, and Soybean Putnam virus with Ohio soybean. This is the first statewide survey of soybean viruses in Ohio, and provides the much-needed baseline information for management of virus diseases of soybean. Accepted for publication 20 May 2016. Published 10 June 2016.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Relative Incidence of Viruses Infecting Soybeans in Iran

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 1069-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Golnaraghi ◽  
N. Shahraeen ◽  
R. Pourrahim ◽  
Sh. Farzadfar ◽  
A. Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Tobacco Streak Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Natural Occurrence

A survey was conducted to determine the incidence of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV), Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (BlCMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV), Peanut mottle virus (PeMoV), Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), Tobacco streak virus (TSV), Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) on soybean (Glycine max) in Iran. Totals of 3,110 random and 1,225 symptomatic leaf samples were collected during the summers of 1999 and 2000 in five provinces of Iran, where commercial soybean is grown, and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using specific polyclonal antibodies. Serological diagnoses were confirmed by electron microscopy and host range studies. The highest virus incidence among the surveyed provinces was recorded in Mazandaran (18.6%), followed by Golestan (15.7%), Khuzestan (14.2%), Ardabil (13.9%), and Lorestan (13.5%). Incidence of viruses in decreasing order was SMV (13.3%), TSWV (5.4%), TRSV (4.2%), TSV (4.1%), PEMV (2.9%), BYMV (2.2%), ToRSV (2.1%), AlMV (1.3%), BCMV (0.8%), and CMV (0.6%). Additionally, 1.5% of collected leaf samples had positive reactions in ELISA with antiserum to TMV, indicating the possible infection of soybeans in Iran with a Tobamovirus that is related serologically to TMV. Of 195 leaves from plants showing soybean pod set failure syndrome (PSF) in Mazandaran and Lorestan, only 14 (7.2%) samples had viral infection. No correlation was observed between PSF and presence of the 13 viruses tested, suggesting the involvement of other viruses or factors in this syndrome. To investigate the presence of seed-borne viruses, including SMV, TRSV, ToRSV, and TSV, 7,830 soybean seeds were collected randomly at harvesting time from the major sites of soybean seed production located in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. According to ELISA analyses of germinated seedlings, 7.1 and 8.9% of the seed samples from Golestan and Mazandaran provinces, respectively, transmitted either SMV, TRSV, ToRSV, or TSV through seed. We also showed that SMV and other seed transmissible viruses, as well as TSWV, usually are the most prevalent viruses in soybean fields in Iran. In this survey, natural occurrence of AlMV, BCMV, BlCMV, BYMV, CMV, PEMV, PeMoV, and TSWV was reported for the first time on soybeans in Iran.

scholarly journals Ilarviruses of Prunus spp.: A Continued Concern for Fruit Trees

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1108-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pallas ◽  
F. Aparicio ◽  
M. C. Herranz ◽  
K. Amari ◽  
M. A. Sanchez-Pina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Genome Organization ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Tobacco Streak Virus ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Prunus Spp

Prunus spp. are affected by a large number of viruses, causing significant economic losses through either direct or indirect damage, which results in reduced yield and fruit quality. Among these viruses, members of the genus Ilarvirus (isometric labile ringspot viruses) occupy a significant position due to their distribution worldwide. Although symptoms caused by these types of viruses were reported early in the last century, their molecular characterization was not achieved until the 1990s, much later than for other agronomically relevant viruses. This was mainly due to the characteristic liability of virus particles in tissue extracts. In addition, ilarviruses, together with Alfalfa mosaic virus, are unique among plant viruses in that they require a few molecules of the coat protein in the inoculum in order to be infectious, a phenomenon known as genome activation. Another factor that has made the study of this group of viruses difficult is that infectious clones have been obtained only for the type member of the genus, Tobacco streak virus. Four ilarviruses, Prunus necrotic ringspot virus, Prune dwarf virus, Apple mosaic virus, and American plum line pattern virus, are pathogens of the main cultivated fruit trees. As stated in the 9th Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, virions of this genus are “unpromising subjects for the raising of good antisera.” With the advent of molecular approaches for their detection and characterization, it has been possible to get a more precise view of their prevalence and genome organization. This review updates our knowledge on the incidence, genome organization and expression, genetic diversity, modes of transmission, and diagnosis, as well as control of this peculiar group of viruses affecting fruit trees.

Weeds as Reservoirs of Viruses in Agrobiocenoses of Legumes in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 94-106
Author(s):  
A.N. Kyrychenko ◽  
◽  
M.M. Bohdan ◽  
I.S. Shcherbatenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Bean Common Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Tomato Ringspot Virus ◽  
Cultivated Plant

This paper is the review of literature data on the prevalence of weeds as possible reservoirs of plant viruses in agroecosystems of Ukraine. The information presented here about the most distributed weeds as reservoirs of harmful plant viruses will be useful for understanding the pathogens ecology, analyzing the virus epidemiology and for disease management. Since legumes are the main crops grown in Ukraine, the paper focuses on weeds spreading in the agrosystems of cultivated plant. The paper provides information about the primary sources of soybean viruses (Soybean mosaic virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, Alfalfa mosaic virus, Tomato ringspot virus) and bean viruses (Bean yellow mosaic virus, Bean common mosaic virus) as well as the main factors contributing the virus transmission in agrocenosis.

scholarly journals High-Throughput Sequencing Facilitates Discovery of New Plant Viruses in Poland

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 820
Author(s):  
Julia Minicka ◽  
Aleksandra Zarzyńska-Nowak ◽  
Daria Budzyńska ◽  
Natasza Borodynko-Filas ◽  
Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Recent Occurrence

Viruses cause epidemics on all major crops of agronomic importance, and a timely and accurate identification is essential for control. High throughput sequencing (HTS) is a technology that allows the identification of all viruses without prior knowledge on the targeted pathogens. In this paper, we used HTS technique for the detection and identification of different viral species occurring in single and mixed infections in plants in Poland. We analysed various host plants representing different families. Within the 20 tested samples, we identified a total of 13 different virus species, including those whose presence has not been reported in Poland before: clover yellow mosaic virus (ClYMV) and melandrium yellow fleck virus (MYFV). Due to this new finding, the obtained sequences were compared with others retrieved from GenBank. In addition, cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) was also detected, and due to the recent occurrence of this virus in Poland, a phylogenetic analysis of these new isolates was performed. The analysis revealed that CABYV population is highly diverse and the Polish isolates of CABYV belong to two different phylogenetic groups. Our results showed that HTS-based technology is a valuable diagnostic tool for the identification of different virus species originating from variable hosts, and can provide rapid information about the spectrum of plant viruses previously not detected in a region.

scholarly journals Co-infection of Soybean with Soybean mosaic virus and Alfalfa mosaic virus Results in Disease Synergism and Alteration in Accumulation Level of Both Viruses

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 1259-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Malapi-Nelson ◽  
R.-H. Wen ◽  
B. H. Ownley ◽  
M. R. Hajimorad
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Symptom Remission ◽  
Diverse Plant

Co-infection of potyviruses with taxonomically diverse plant viruses results in disease synergism and elevation in the level of accumulation of non-potyviruses involved. In the majority of cases, however, the accumulation level of potyviruses remains essentially unaltered. A few potyviruses, such as Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), naturally infect soybean (Glycine max). Soybean is also a natural host to a number of non-potyviruses including Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), which causes mild symptoms often associated with symptom remission. We have now studied the interactions between AMV and SMV on symptom severity and accumulation level of each of the two viruses in soybean. Co-infection of soybean with AMV and SMV was established following mechanical inoculation, irrespective of simultaneous or sequential introduction of the two viruses. In multiple experiments, co-infection of soybean resulted in severe symptoms in doubly infected plants in a strain-independent manner, with enhancement in the level of AMV indicating that the interaction of AMV with SMV is synergistic. Conversely, the level of SMV accumulation was reduced. This suggests that in co-infection with AMV, SMV interacts antagonistically. The observation that co-infection of AMV and SMV results in disease synergism suggests enhancement of potential that AMV may become a serious viral disease of soybean.

scholarly journals First Report of Alfalfa mosaic virus Infecting Tedera (Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H. Stirton var. albomarginata and crassiuscula) in Australia

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1384-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. C. Jones ◽  
D. Real ◽  
S. J. Vincent ◽  
B. E. Gajda ◽  
B. A. Coutts
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
First Report ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Bituminaria Bituminosa ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Burr Medic

Tedera (Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H. Stirton vars albomarginata and crassiuscula) is being established as a perennial pasture legume in southwest Australia because of its drought tolerance and ability to persist well during the dry summer and autumn period. Calico (bright yellow mosaic) leaf symptoms occurred on occasional tedera plants growing in genetic evaluation plots containing spaced plants at Newdegate in 2007 and Buntine in 2010. Alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV) infection was suspected as it often causes calico in infected plants (1,2) and infects perennial pasture legumes in local pastures (1,3). Because AlMV frequently infects Medicago sativa (alfalfa) in Australia and its seed stocks are commonly infected (1,3), M. sativa buffer rows were likely sources for spread by aphids to healthy tedera plants. When leaf samples from plants with typical calico symptoms from Newdegate (2007) and Buntine (2010) were tested by ELISA using poyclonal antisera to AlMV, Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), only AlMV was detected. When leaf samples from 864 asymptomatic spaced plants belonging to 34 tedera accessions growing at Newdegate and Mount Barker in 2010 were tested by ELISA, no AlMV, BYMV, or CMV were detected, despite presence of M. sativa buffer rows. A culture of AlMV isolate EW was maintained by serial planting of infected seed of M. polymorpha L. (burr medic) and selecting seed-infected seedlings (1,3). Ten plants each of 61 accessions from the local tedera breeding program were grown at 20°C in an insect-proof air conditioned glasshouse. They were inoculated by rubbing leaves with infective sap containing AlMV-EW or healthy sap (five plants each) using Celite abrasive. Inoculations were always done two to three times to the same plants. When both inoculated and tip leaf samples from each plant were tested by ELISA, AlMV was detected in 52 of 305 AlMV-inoculated plants belonging to 36 of 61 accessions. Inoculated leaves developed local necrotic or chlorotic spots or blotches, or symptomless infection. Systemic invasion was detected in 20 plants from 12 accessions. Koch's postulates were fulfilled in 12 plants from nine accessions (1 to 2 of 5 plants each), obvious calico symptoms developing in uninoculated leaves, and AlMV being detected in symptomatic samples by ELISA, inoculation of sap to diagnostic indicator hosts (2) and RT-PCR with AlMV CP gene primers. Direct RT-PCR products were sequenced and lodged in GenBank. When complete nucleotide CP sequences (666 nt) of two isolates from symptomatic tedera samples and two from alfalfa (Aq-JX112758, Hu-JX112759) were compared with that of AlMV-EW, those from tedera and EW were identical (JX112757) but had 99.1 to 99.2% identities to the alfalfa isolates. JX112757 had 99.4% identity with Italian tomato isolate Y09110. Systemically infected tedera foliage sometimes also developed vein clearing, mosaic, necrotic spotting, leaf deformation, leaf downcurling, or chlorosis. Later-formed leaves sometimes recovered, but plant growth was often stunted. No infection was detected in the 305 plants inoculated with healthy sap. To our knowledge, this is the first report of AlMV infecting tedera in Australia or elsewhere. References: (1) B. A. Coutts and R. A. C. Jones. Ann. Appl. Biol. 140:37, 2002. (2) E. M. J. Jaspars and L. Bos. Association of Applied Biologists, Descriptions of Plant Viruses No. 229, 1980. (3) R. A. C. Jones. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 55:757, 2004.

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