Chemotactic movement in sperm of the oogamous brown algae, Saccharina japonica and Fucus distichus

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 254 (1) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Kinoshita ◽  
Chikako Nagasato ◽  
Taizo Motomura
Keyword(s):  
Brown Algae ◽  
Saccharina Japonica ◽  
Fucus Distichus

Comparative description of brown algae from the coastal zone of Far East

2015 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-268
Author(s):  
Natalia M. Aminina
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Alginic Acid ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Saccharina Japonica ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Aniva Bay ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Comparative Description

Data on stock and distribution of commercial and prospective for harvesting brown algae at the coast of Russian Far East are presented and compared. Their total biomass in the traditional harvesting grounds prevails 3.5 million tons. Saccharina japonica, Saccharina gurjanovae, Cystoseira crassipes have the highest biomass. However, taking into account both the stock and chemical composition of the tissues, Saccharina bongardiana, Arthrothamnus bifidus, and Eualaria fistulosa are the most profitable for harvesting and processing. The algae from the coastal waters of south-western Sakhalin have generally higher content of valuable proteins and minerals, but the content of mannitol and alginic acid is higher in the algae from the coastal waters of Kamchatka and Primorye. Contamination of the algae by toxic elements is considered, as well: in general, the safety indicators allow to regard all basic harvesting grounds of brown algae in the Far Eastern waters as suitable for commercial exploitation, though insignificant excess of the permissible level of lead (0.5 mg/kg) is detected for the brown algae from the coastal waters of Primorye and several sites in the Aniva Bay (southern Sakhalin).

scholarly journals Study of toxicity of arsenic-containing compounds isolated from brown algae Saccharina japonica in laboratory animals

Trudy VNIRO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 223-234
Author(s):  
L.S. Abramova ◽  
◽  
V.V. Gershunskaya ◽  
A.V. Kozin ◽  
D.A. Bondarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Algae ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Laminaria Japonica ◽  
Saccharina Japonica ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Total Arsenic ◽  
Arsenic Compounds

The ability of various marine organisms, especially algae and invertebrates, to accumulate arsenic in high concentrations can pose a threat to public health when consumed. It is known from the literature that inorganic arsenic compounds (arsenites and arsenates) are the most toxic, in comparison with methylated forms of the element, and especially with complex organic compounds (arsenobetain, arsenocholine, tetramethylarsonium, arsenoriboses), which are considered non-toxic for live organisms. Monitoring of safety indicators of aquatic biological resources in the main commercial basins of the Russian Federation has shown that the most common excess of total arsenic content is characteristic for algae. According to TR CU 021/2011, the total arsenic content in algae should be 5 mg / kg and the established norm without separation of organic and inorganic arsenic compounds creates a barrier to the rational use of seafood. In this regard, the justification of the norms for the content of inorganic arsenic in algae and the assessment of their toxicity is a very urgent problem. Study of the samples of commercial brown algae Saccharina (=Laminaria) japonica and its derivates with ICP-MS, HPLC–MS-ISP methods, the maximum permissible level of arsenic was found to be exceeded, but the most toxic inorganic forms made up from 6 to14 % of the total amount of arsenic in the raw material. Acute toxicity on laboratory animals (rats) was studied and the absence of toxic effects was shown when an oral suspension containing high doses of arsenic was administered. Repeated administration of the same substances to laboratory mice of the CD 1 line has shown no toxic effects even after multiple doses of arsenic isolated from algae.

Biosorption of Cu(II) Ions by Kelps, Large Brown Algae Seaweeds, Saccharina japonica and Saccharina sculpera

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Kuzuhara ◽  
Katsuyuki Kudo ◽  
Osamu Terakado
Keyword(s):  
Brown Algae ◽  
Saccharina Japonica

scholarly journals Color change in a marine isopod is adaptive in reducing predation

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin M. Hultgren ◽  
Hannah Mittelstaedt
Keyword(s):  
Brown Algae ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Adaptive Function ◽  
Background Matching ◽  
Fucus Distichus ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Fitness Benefits ◽  
Change Mechanisms ◽  
Algal Diet

Abstract Although background matching is a common form of camouflage across a wide diversity of animals, there has been surprisingly little experimental work testing the fitness consequences of this camouflage strategy, especially in marine ecosystems. In this study, we tested whether color camouflage enhances survival of the intertidal marine isopod Pentidotea (Idotea) wosnesenskii, quantified patterns of camouflage in different algal habitats, and examined how algal diet affected color change and growth using laboratory assays. In the field, isopods collected from two differently colored algal habitats (the brown alga Fucus distichus and the red alga Odonthalia floccosa) matched the color of their respective algal habitats, and also differed significantly in body size: smaller red isopods were found on red algae, while larger brown isopods were found on brown algae. Predation experiments demonstrated these color differences had fitness benefits: brown isopods that matched their brown algae habitats survived at higher rates than red unmatched isopods. Surprisingly, despite the propensity of isopods to match their algal habitats, algal diet had no effect on color change in color change experiments. Instead, isopods in all treatments turned browner, matching the color of the algal habitat that many isopods are found on as adults. In summary, our data supported our hypothesis that background matching serves an adaptive function in reducing predation, with important evolutionary implications for explaining the wide variation in color change mechanisms in idoteid isopods.

scholarly journals Genome–Scale Metabolic Networks Shed Light on the Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway in the Brown Algae Saccharina japonica and Cladosiphon okamuranus

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nègre ◽  
Aite ◽  
Belcour ◽  
Frioux ◽  
Brillet-Guéguen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Algae ◽  
Metabolic Networks ◽  
Saccharina Japonica ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Ectocarpus Siliculosus ◽  
Cladosiphon Okamuranus ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
The One ◽  
Genome Scale

Understanding growth mechanisms in brown algae is a current scientific and economic challenge that can benefit from the modeling of their metabolic networks. The sequencing of the genomes of Saccharina japonica and Cladosiphon okamuranus has provided the necessary data for the reconstruction of Genome–Scale Metabolic Networks (GSMNs). The same in silico method deployed for the GSMN reconstruction of Ectocarpus siliculosus to investigate the metabolic capabilities of these two algae, was used. Integrating metabolic profiling data from the literature, we provided functional GSMNs composed of an average of 2230 metabolites and 3370 reactions. Based on these GSMNs and previously published work, we propose a model for the biosynthetic pathways of the main carotenoids in these two algae. We highlight, on the one hand, the reactions and enzymes that have been preserved through evolution and, on the other hand, the specificities related to brown algae. Our data further indicate that, if abscisic acid is produced by Saccharina japonica, its biosynthesis pathway seems to be different in its final steps from that described in land plants. Thus, our work illustrates the potential of GSMNs reconstructions for formalizing hypotheses that can be further tested using targeted biochemical approaches.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ANTHROPOGENIC POLLUTION ON MACROPHYTE ALGAE OF AVACHA BAY (SOUTHEASTERN KAMCHATKA)

Ekosistemy ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 130-141
Author(s):  
A. N. Kashutin ◽  
E. V. Egorova ◽  
I. A. Kashutina ◽  
N. L. Rogalyova
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Kamchatka Peninsula ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Fucus Distichus ◽  
Southeastern Kamchatka ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Avacha Bay

The results of assessing the sources and degree of anthropogenic pollution of the Avacha Bay (southeastern Kamchatka) are presented. The main sources of anthropogenic pollution of the bay and surrounding areas are towns and villages located on its shores, as well as its tributaries — the Avacha and Paratunka rivers. The Bay is permanently polluted with petroleum products, phenols, detergents, salts of heavy metals, and radioactive substances. The coastal waters of the Kamchatka Peninsula contain the most significant reserves of brown algae, mainly represented by the kelp order, including Fucus distichus subsp. evanescens and Eualaria fistulosa. In the Avacha Bay, micropopulations of some species of algae underwent changes, so the brown algae Eualaria fistulosa is currently found only in the estuary of the Avacha Bay. According to the latest data, E. fistulosa is found in the Bay in very small amounts, and in storm emissions it is recorded in the form of separate individual parts. The complex of indicators proves that the most contaminated hypertoxic sections of the coast include the shoreline starting from the Nikolskaya hill, coasts of Rakovaya, Mokhovaya, Seroglazka, and Petropavlovskiy Kovsh bays, where the entire fucoid belt was almost destroyed. The authors highlight the importance of regular environmental monitoring of the Avacha Bay. Much attention is given to urgency of technological reconstruction of sewage and sewage treatment plants, as well as the lifting of sunken ships and other large metal garbage.

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