scholarly journals Diagnosing selective mutism: a critical review of measures for clinical practice and research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaya Rodrigues Pereira ◽  
Judith B. M. Ensink ◽  
Max G. Güldner† ◽  
Ramón J. L. Lindauer ◽  
Maretha V. De Jonge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Telephone Interview ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Selective Mutism ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Observational Measures ◽  
The Core ◽  
Psychometric Data

AbstractSelective mutism (SM) is an anxiety disorder (prevalence 1–2%), characterized by the consistent absence of speaking in specific situations (e.g., in school), while adequately speaking in other situations (e.g., at home). SM can have a debilitating impact on the psychosocial and academic functioning in childhood. The use of psychometrically sound and cross-culturally valid instruments is urgently needed.The aim of this paper is to identify and review the available assessment instruments for screening or diagnosing the core SM symptomatology. We conducted a systematic search in 6 databases. We identified 1469 studies from the last decade and investigated the measures having been used in a diagnostic assessment of SM. Studies were included if original data on the assessment or treatment of SM were reported. It was found that 38% of published studies on SM reporting original data did not report the use of any standardized or objective measure to investigate the core symptomatology. The results showed that many different questionnaires, interviews and observational instruments were used, many of these only once. The Selective Mutism Questionnaire (SMQ), Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (ADIS) and School Speech Questionnaire (SSQ) were used most often. Psychometric data on these instruments are emerging. Beyond these commonly used instruments, more recent developed instruments, such as the Frankfurt Scale of SM (FSSM) and the Teacher Telephone Interview for SM (TTI-SM), are described, as well as several interesting observational measures. The strengths and weaknesses of the instruments are discussed and recommendations are made for their use in clinical practice and research.

DWFIST

2008 ◽  
pp. 3142-3163
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Salvador Monteiro ◽  
Geraldo Zimbrao ◽  
Holger Schwarz ◽  
Bernhard Mitschang ◽  
Jano Moreira de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Data Warehouse ◽  
Association Rules ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Frequent Itemsets ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Interestingness Measures ◽  
The Core ◽  
Pattern Retrieval ◽  
Frequency Counts

This chapter presents the core of the DWFIST approach, which is concerned with supporting the analysis and exploration of frequent itemsets and derived patterns, e.g., association rules in transactional datasets. The goal of this new approach is to provide: (1) flexible pattern-retrieval capabilities without requiring the original data during the analysis phase; and (2) a standard modeling for data warehouses of frequent itemsets, allowing an easier development and reuse of tools for analysis and exploration of itemset-based patterns. Instead of storing the original datasets, our approach organizes frequent itemsets holding on different partitions of the original transactions in a data warehouse that retains sufficient information for future analysis. A running example for mining calendar-based patterns on data streams is presented. Staging area tasks are discussed and standard conceptual and logical schemas are presented. Properties of this standard modeling allow retrieval of frequent itemsets holding on any set of partitions, along with upper and lower bounds on their frequency counts. Furthermore, precision guarantees for some interestingness measures of association rules are provided as well.

Socratic questioning put into clinical practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Carlos Carona ◽  
Charlotte Handford ◽  
Ana Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Behavioural Medicine ◽  
Clinical Communication ◽  
The Core ◽  
Socratic Questioning ◽  
Recent Developments

SUMMARY Socratic questioning is at the core of collaborative clinical communication, with a wide array of applications in behavioural medicine and psychotherapy. This brief article describes the process of therapeutic Socratic questioning, illustrates its clinical applications in therapy and provides a brief update on its recent developments.

scholarly journals Application of the 2017 KDIGO Guideline for the Evaluation and Care of Living Kidney Donors to Clinical Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit X. Garg ◽  
Andrew S. Levey ◽  
Bertram L. Kasiske ◽  
Michael Cheung ◽  
Krista L. Lentine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Living Kidney Donor ◽  
Projection Model ◽  
Kidney Donors ◽  
Living Kidney Donors ◽  
Donor Evaluation ◽  
Risk Projection

The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2017 “Clinical Practice Guideline on the Evaluation and Care of Living Kidney Donors” was developed to assist medical professionals who evaluate living kidney donor candidates and provide care before, during, and after donation. This guideline Work Group concluded that a comprehensive approach to donor candidate risk assessment should replace eligibility decisions on the basis of assessments of single risk factors in isolation. To address all issues important to living donors in a pragmatic and comprehensive guideline, many of the guideline recommendations were on the basis of expert consensus opinion even when no direct evidence was available. To advance available evidence, original data analyses were also undertaken to produce a “proof-of-concept” risk projection model for kidney failure. This was done to illustrate how the community can advance a new quantitative framework of risk that considers each candidate’s profile of demographic and health characteristics. A public review by stakeholders and subject matter experts as well as industry and professional organizations informed the final formulation of the guideline. This review highlights the guideline framework, key concepts, and recommendations, and uses five patient scenarios and 12 guideline statements to illustrate how the guideline can be applied to support living donor evaluation and care in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Herb Network Analysis for a Famous TCM Doctor's Prescriptions on Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Zibo Ouyang ◽  
Shao Li
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Hormone Regulation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Target Disease ◽  
Herbal Formulae ◽  
Target Sets

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) doctors always prescribe various herbal formulae tailored to individual patients. However, there is still a lack of appropriate methods to study the rule and potential biological basis underlying the numerous prescriptions. Here we developed an Herb-Compound-Target-Disease coherent network approach to analyze 871 herbal prescriptions from a TCM master, Mr. Ji-Ren Li, in his clinical practice on treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The core herb networks were extracted from Mr. Li’s prescriptions. Then, we predicted target profiles of compounds in core herb networks and calculated potential synergistic activities among them. We further found that the target sets of core herbs overlapped significantly with the RA related biological processes and pathways. Moreover, we detected a possible connection between the prescribed herbs with different properties such as Cold and Hot and the Western drugs with different actions such as immunomodulatory and hormone regulation on treatment of RA. In summary, we explored a new application of TCM network pharmacology on the analysis of TCM prescriptions and detected the networked core herbs, their potential synergistic and biological activities, and possible connections with drugs. This work offers a novel way to understand TCM prescriptions in clinical practice.

Clinical outcomes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid van Tubergen ◽  
Robert Landewé
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
International Society ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Response Criteria ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Core Sets ◽  
Chronic Course

In general, axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) follows a chronic course, requiring regular medical care and monitoring. The outcome of axSpA may vary substantially due to heterogenic presentation. For both research and clinical practice, it is important to have relevant, reliable, validated instruments for measuring outcome, to evaluate patients in a standardized way and capture all disease aspects. The Assessment in SpondyloArthritis international Society has developed core sets and instruments to measure these domains, and recommends only the most important domains being measured with best available methods. This chapter provides an overview of the most important outcomes in axSpA and most commonly used instruments to measure these. Additional measures frequently used but not (yet) included in the core set are addressed, and several sets of response criteria applied in axSpA research described. This chapter also provides guidance in which setting (research versus practice) and with which frequency these measures can be used.

scholarly journals Reliability of the Scapula Reposition Test in Subjects with Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy and Scapular Dyskinesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Fernandez-Matias ◽  
Pablo Gallardo-Zamora ◽  
Cristina Lorenzo Sanchez-Aguilera ◽  
Hector Mardones-Varela ◽  
Tomas Gallego-Izquierdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Scapular Dyskinesis ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy

The Scapula Reposition Test (SRT) is proposed to determine if a relationship exists between scapular dyskinesis and shoulder pathology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the SRT in subjects with rotator cuff tendinopathy and scapular dyskinesis. In addition, we compared subjective strength findings from the test to an objective measure made by dynamometry. The SRT was independently and randomly performed by two physical therapists in 42 subjects. The percent agreement, Cohen’s kappa (κ), maximum attainable κ, prevalence and bias indexes, and prevalence-adjusted-bias-adjusted kappa were used as intra- and inter-rater reliability estimates. Finally, the point-biserial correlation coefficient (rpb) was used for correlation analysis of objective and subjective strength findings. A moderate intra-rater (κ = 0.43; CI 95%, 0.14 to 0.73; p = 0.004) and poor inter-rater (κ = 0.08; CI 95%, −0.22 to 0.38; p = 0.61) agreement was found. Subjective strength changes during SRT and dynamometry were poorly correlated (rpb = 0.137; CI 95%, −0.175 to 0.423; p = 0.389). The SRT cannot be recommended for clinical practice. More studies evaluating its reliability are needed as well as further research on the capability of a rater to manually detect strength changes.

The Experience of Nursing Students Who Make Mistakes in Clinical

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Pijl Zieber ◽  
Beverley Williams
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Education ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing Students ◽  
The Core ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Core Variable

AbstractThe experience of nursing students who make mistakes during clinical practice is poorly understood. The literature identifies clinical practice mistakes as a significant issue in nursing practice and education but there is very little research on the topic. This study used a grounded theory approach to explore the experience of undergraduate nursing students who had made at least one mistake in their clinical practice. What emerged is a theory that illuminates the process of how students move through the positive and negative elements of the mistake experience the core variable that emerged from the study was “living through the mistake experience.” The mistake experience was clearly a traumatic process for nursing students and students reported feeling unprepared and lacking the capability to manage the mistake experience. A number of recommendations for nursing education are proposed.

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