The eyes of the past: larger pupil size for autobiographical memories retrieved from field perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad El Haj ◽  
Steve M. J. Janssen ◽  
Quentin Lenoble ◽  
Frederique Robin ◽  
Karim Gallouj
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Size ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Field Perspective

scholarly journals Vital memories: Movements in and between affect, ethics and self

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D Brown ◽  
Paula Reavey
Keyword(s):  
Memory Studies ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Personal Commitment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Problematic Experiences ◽  
The Relationship

The focus on the practice of remembering has been highly productive for memory studies, but it creates difficulties in understanding personal commitment to particular versions of the past. Autobiographical memories of difficult and distressing past episodes – or ‘vital memories’ – require extensive and ongoing management. We describe the issues that arise when vital memories are expressed across a range of specific interactional contexts. Seven themes – autobiography, agency, forgetting, ethics, affect, space and institutional practices – are discussed. Each theme draws out a particular facet of the relationship between the content and contexts of vital memories and demonstrates that while vital memories frame problematic experiences, they remain essential for those who express them.

Distorted Memory Beliefs

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-41
Author(s):  
Lisa Bortolotti
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Epistemic Innocence

In this chapter, the author argues that beliefs about the past that are based on distorted autobiographical memories have the potential for epistemic innocence. The focus is on beliefs about the past that people report in the context of dementia and other conditions in which autobiographical memory is severely compromised. Such beliefs may embellish people’s past achievements or present circumstances, or simply be inconsistent with life events that people can no longer remember. Having memory beliefs to report increases the opportunity for socialisation and information exchange with peers, making content available for sharing and enabling feedback on it. More important still, the maintenance and reporting of memory beliefs about the autobiographical past, when these are not entirely fabricated and contain a grain of truth, enable the retention of key self-related information that would otherwise be threatened by progressive memory loss.

scholarly journals Mental representation of autobiographical memories along the sagittal mental timeline: Evidence from spatiotemporal interference

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Teghil ◽  
Isabel Beatrice Marc ◽  
Maddalena Boccia
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Temporal Coding ◽  
Spatial Compatibility ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Response Code ◽  
The Past ◽  
Compatible Condition ◽  
Autonoetic Consciousness

AbstractTime is usually conceived of in terms of space: many natural languages refer to time according to a back-to-front axis. Indeed, whereas the past is usually conceived to be “behind us”, the future is considered to be “in front of us.” Despite temporal coding is pivotal for the development of autonoetic consciousness, little is known about the organization of autobiographical memories along this axis. Here we developed a spatial compatibility task (SCT) to test the organization of autobiographical memories along the sagittal plane, using spatiotemporal interference. Twenty-one participants were asked to recall both episodic and semantic autobiographical memories (EAM and SAM, respectively) to be used in the SCT. Then, during the SCT, they were asked to decide whether each event occurred before or after the event presented right before, using a response code that could be compatible with the back-to-front axis (future in front) or not (future at back). We found that performance was significantly worse during the non-compatible condition, especially for EAM. The results are discussed in light of the evidence for spatiotemporal encoding of episodic autobiographical memories, taking into account possible mechanisms explaining compatibility effects.

scholarly journals Reminiscence groupwork and autobiographical memory as part of meaningful activities

Groupwork ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Allen ◽  
Mary Lee Tully ◽  
Desmond O’Neill ◽  
Richard A.P. Roche
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Memory Recall ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Group Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
With Memory

The current paper describes a reminiscence group activity session held as part of meaningful activities engagement for older adults. Topics of reminiscence included both autobiographical memories and memories of broader historical events from the past. Participants included those with memory impairment and those without, and participants with healthy memory were helpful in prompting memories in participants with memory impairment. Semantic and episodic autobiographical memory were assessed at baseline and following the end of both group activities, using the Episodic Autobiographical Memory Interview (EAMI) and quality of life was assessed using the Quality of Life AD-scale (QOL-AD). The reminiscence intervention did not significantly affect autobiographical memory recall or quality of life. However, oral reminiscence was reported to have increased outside of the reminiscence sessions.

scholarly journals Intentionally fabricated autobiographical memories

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-454
Author(s):  
Lucy V. Justice ◽  
Catriona M. Morrison ◽  
Martin A. Conway
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Reliable Effect ◽  
Digit Sequence ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Concurrent Tasks ◽  
Field Perspective

Participants generated both autobiographical memories (AMs) that they believed to be true and intentionally fabricated autobiographical memories (IFAMs). Memories were constructed while a concurrent memory load (random 8-digit sequence) was held in mind or while there was no concurrent load. Amount and accuracy of recall of the concurrent memory load was reliably poorer following generation of IFAMs than following generation of AMs. There was no reliable effect of load on memory generation times; however, IFAMs always took longer to construct than AMs. Finally, replicating previous findings, fewer IFAMs had a field perspective than AMs, IFAMs were less vivid than AMs, and IFAMs contained more motion words (indicative of increased cognitive load). Taken together, these findings show a pattern of systematic differences that mark out IFAMs, and they also show that IFAMs can be identified indirectly by lowered performance on concurrent tasks that increase cognitive load.

scholarly journals An in-depth review of the methods, findings, and theories associated with odor-evoked autobiographical memory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Patrick Mulvaney Hackländer ◽  
Steve M. J. Janssen ◽  
Bermeitinger Christina
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Review

Over the past nearly 35 years, there has been sporadic interest in what has commonly come to be known as the Proust phenomenon, whereby autobiographical memories are retrieved and experienced differently when evoked by odors as compared to other types of cues, such as words, images or sounds. The purpose of this review is three-fold. First, we provide a detailed analysis of the methods used to investigate Proust effects. Second, we review and analyze the various findings from the literature and determine what we feel to be the most important and stable findings. Third, we provide a series of previously postulated and new hypotheses that attempt to account for the various findings. Given the early stage of research, the current review aims to provide a measure of organization to the field, as well serve as a guide for how future investigations may address the topic. We conclude with the recommendation that research in this area shift its focus from establishing the phenomenon towards explaining its causes.

Personal Nostalgia, World View, Memory, and Emotionality

1998 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystine Irene Batcho
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
World View ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Need For Achievement ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Thrill Seeking

Batcho's 1995 Nostalgia Inventory was completed by 210 respondents, 88 males and 122 females, ranging in age from 5 to 79 years old. Subjects scoring high on the Nostalgia Inventory rated the past more favorably than did subjects scoring low on the inventory but did not differ in ratings of the present or future. High-scoring individuals rated themselves more emotional, with stronger memories, need for achievement, and preference for activities with other people, but not as less happy, risk or thrill seeking, religious, logical, easily bored, or expecting to succeed. In a second study, 113 undergraduates, 32 men and 81 women, completed measures of nostalgia, memory, and personality. High-scoring subjects showed no advantage in free recall over low-scoring subjects but recalled more people-oriented autobiographical memories. Individuals scoring high on nostalgia were no more optimistic, pessimistic, or negatively emotional but scored higher on a measure of emotional intensity. Personal nostalgia was distinguished from social-historical nostalgia and world view. Results were discussed with respect to major theoretical approaches.

scholarly journals Book Review of The Growing Out-of-School Time Field: Past, Present, and Future

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-192
Author(s):  
Joyce A. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Out Of School Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
School Time ◽  
Field Perspective ◽  
Out Of School

This first book in the new Current Issues in Out-of-School Time series offers a foundational field perspective on out-of-school time. This volume is designed to inspire thoughtful reflections and critical conversations to further grow, sustain and improve the field by looking at the past and present in order to move forward in innovative ways.

scholarly journals Contextualizing Autobiographical Remembering: An Expanded View of Memory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Brown ◽  
Paula Reavey
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern View ◽  
With Memory

Contemporary reformulations of the nature of “the psychological” call out for different approaches to autobiographical memory. If epistemic and methodological differences are set aside, debate can be focused on four key themes—function, accessibility, accuracy, and life story. What persons do with memory needs to be indexed to the interactional contexts where the past is invoked, where the accessibility of autobiographical memories is a collaborative accomplishment. While the accuracy of memory is nearly always at issue, the criterion and procedures through which it is established vary across practices, as do capacities to produce biographical coherency. An “expanded” or “modern” view of memory should seek to analyze brains, voices, objects, and settings together.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document