Rapid Detection of Non-Multidrug-Resistant and Multidrug-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Using Cycling Probe Technology for the mecA gene

The emergence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in food-producing animals is of increasing interest, raising questions about the presence of MRSA in food of animal origin and potential sources of transmission to humans via the food chain. In this study, the prevalence, molecular characterization, virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of MRSA isolates from 200 retail raw chicken samples in Egypt were determined. MRSA was detected by positive amplification of the mecA gene in 38% (76 of 200) of chicken samples analyzed. This represents a potential public health threat in Egypt, as this contamination rate seems to be the highest among other studies reported worldwide. Furthermore, genes encoding α-hemolysin (hla) and staphylococcal enterotoxins (sea, seb, and sec) were detected in all of the 288 MRSA isolates. Nonetheless, none of the strains tested carried tst, the gene encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin 1. Antimicrobial resistance of MRSA isolates was most frequently detected against penicillin (93.4%), ampicillin (88.9%), and cloxacillin (83.3%). These results suggest that retail chicken might be a significant potential source for transmission of multidrug-resistant and toxigenic S. aureus in Egypt. This underlines the need for stricter hygienic measures in chicken production in Egypt to minimize the risk of transmission of these strains to consumers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that reports the isolation and molecular characterization of MRSA in retail chicken samples in Egypt.

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Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ready-to-Eat Shellfish (Corbiculid heterodont) in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Microbiology Research Journal International ◽

10.9734/mrji/2020/v30i330202 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 22-35

Author(s):

Seighazi Regina Egege ◽

Nedie Patience Akani ◽

Chidiebele Emmanuel Ikechukwu Nwankwo

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Meca Gene ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Awareness Campaigns

Aims/Objective: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a dominant cause of severe healthcare-associated (HA) infections but has recently emerged as Community-Associated (CA-MRSA) and Livestock-Associated MRSA (LA-MRSA). This study was carried out to detect the presence of Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus in Ready-to-Eat (RTE) Corbiculid heterodont in Bayelsa state, Nigeria. Place of Study: This study was conducted in Yenagoa, Southern Ijaw and Sagbama Local Government Areas, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Methodology: Fifty-three samples (dried, fried and stewed) of the RTE C. heterodont were collected and subjected to standard microbiological procedures. Results: Seventy Staphylococcus spp. were isolated, consisting of 65 (92.86%) S. aureus and 5 (7.14%) coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS). Out of the 65 S. aureus isolates, 53.8% were MRSA. Susceptibility pattern of MRSA showed a decreasing trend of resistance in the order: Amoxacillin, Ampicillin-Cloxacillin, Cefoxitin, and Oxacillin (100%) > Streptomycin (82.9%) >Ceftriaxone (40%) >Cefuroxime (31.4%), > Ciprofloxacin and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (17.1%) > Gentamycin and Pefloxacin (8.6%) > Erythromycin (2.9%).Out of the 65 S. aureus isolates, 62 (95.4%) had Multidrug Resistance Index > 0.2 while 3 (4.6%) had 0.2 as their Multidrug Resistance Index. The MRSA isolates were 100% Multidrug Resistant (MDR) while the Methicillin-Sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) were 90% MDR. Molecular characterization of ten S. aureus isolates confirmed 80% S. aureus isolates and 20% CONS (S. sciuri and S. warneri). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Agarose gel-electrophoresis were used to detect the presence of mecA gene, a gene that confers methicillin resistance. The mecA gene with size 500bp was identified in 50% of MRSA. This study reported presence of MRSA and MDR S. aureus in C. heterodont sold in Bayelsa state, Nigeria. This could be the avenue for the spread of MRSA. Public health awareness campaigns should be advocated to enhance hygienic practices in the handling and distribution of food.

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Rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in screening samples by relative quantification between the mecA gene and the SA442 gene

Journal of Microbiological Methods ◽

10.1016/j.mimet.2012.02.014 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 129-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Lonneke G.M. Bode ◽

Perry van Wunnik ◽

Norbert Vaessen ◽

Paul H.M. Savelkoul ◽

Leo C. Smeets

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Rapid Detection ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Meca Gene ◽

Relative Quantification ◽

Methicillin Resistant

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Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Dairy and Meat Products in Iran

Journal of Food Quality and Hazards Control ◽

10.18502/jfqhc.7.2.2890 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

M.M. Soltan Dallal ◽

Z. Salehipour ◽

M.K. Sharifi Yazdi ◽

R. Bakhtiari ◽

M. Abdi

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Meca Gene ◽

Meat Products ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Genotypic Characteristics

Background: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) plays an important role in gastrointestinal diseases. The goal of this research was to determine phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of MRSA isolated from dairy and meat products in Iran. Methods: Ninety-three S. aureus isolates were prepared which had been obtained in our previous study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using disk diffusion method. The isolates were further analyzed by mecA gene detection. Staphylococcal Enterotoxins (SEs) and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 (TSST1) were screened. Biotyping and molecular typing were done by short sequence repeats of spa and coa genes. Results: Five out of 93 S. aureus isolates (5.37%) included mecA. All five MRSA isolates were sensitive to at least six tested antibiotics and none were resistant to vancomycin. Furthermore, two isolates were multidrug resistant. Four isolates produced SEs and TSST1. Three out of 5 isolates were related to human biotype and two belonged to non-host-specific biotype. Conclusion: Presence of MRSA in dairy and meat products may be an important hygienic risk for the Iranian consumers, especially for immunocompromised people.

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Rapid detection of mecA gene of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by a novel, label-free real-time capacitive biosensor

Biotechnology Reports ◽

10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00568 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. e00568

Author(s):

Ally Mahadhy ◽

Eva Ståhl-Wernersson ◽

Bo Mattiasson ◽

Martin Hedström

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Real Time ◽

Rapid Detection ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Meca Gene ◽

Label Free ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Capacitive Biosensor

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Emergence of multidrug-resistant, community-associated, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone USA300 in men who have sex with men.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1102146.558131 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

J Michael Kilby

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Sex With Men

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The Prevalence of Virulence Determinants and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Methicillin—Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Nursing Home in Poland

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10040427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 427

Author(s):

Martyna Kasela ◽

Agnieszka Grzegorczyk ◽

Bożena Nowakowicz-Dębek ◽

Anna Malm

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Variable Number ◽

Pulse Field ◽

Virulence Determinants ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis

Nursing homes (NH) contribute to the regional spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Moreover, residents are vulnerable to the colonization and subsequent infection of MRSA etiology. We aimed at investigating the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of 21 MRSA collected from the residents and personnel in an NH (Lublin, Poland) during 2018. All MRSA were screened for 20 genes encoding virulence determinants (sea-see, eta, etb, tst, lukS-F-PV, eno, cna, ebpS, fib, bbp, fnbA, fnbB, icaADBC) and for resistance to 18 antimicrobials. To establish the relatedness and clonal complexes of MRSA in NH we applied multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat fingerprinting (MLVF), pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. We identified four sequence types (ST) among two clonal complexes (CC): ST (CC22) known as EMRSA-15 as well as three novel STs—ST6295 (CC8), ST6293 (CC8) and ST6294. All tested MRSA were negative for sec, eta, etb, lukS-F-PV, bbp and ebpS genes. The most prevalent gene encoding toxin was sed (52.4%; n = 11/21), and adhesins were eno and fnbA (100%). Only 9.5% (n = 2/21) of MRSA were classified as multidrug-resistant. The emergence of novel MRSA with a unique virulence and the presence of epidemic clone EMRSA-15 creates challenges for controlling the spread of MRSA in NH.

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Mutation-Based Antibiotic Resistance Mechanism in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14050420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 420

Author(s):

Tanveer Ali ◽

Abdul Basit ◽

Asad Mustafa Karim ◽

Jung-Hun Lee ◽

Jeong-Ho Jeon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Active Site ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Meca Gene ◽

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Ligand Docking ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Allosteric Site ◽

Methicillin Resistant

β-Lactam antibiotics target penicillin-binding proteins and inhibit the synthesis of peptidoglycan, a crucial step in cell wall biosynthesis. Staphylococcus aureus acquires resistance against β-lactam antibiotics by producing a penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), encoded by the mecA gene. PBP2a participates in peptidoglycan biosynthesis and exhibits a poor affinity towards β-lactam antibiotics. The current study was performed to determine the diversity and the role of missense mutations of PBP2a in the antibiotic resistance mechanism. The methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from clinical samples were identified using phenotypic and genotypic techniques. The highest frequency (60%, 18 out of 30) of MRSA was observed in wound specimens. Sequence variation analysis of the mecA gene showed four amino acid substitutions (i.e., E239K, E239R, G246E, and E447K). The E239R mutation was found to be novel. The protein-ligand docking results showed that the E239R mutation in the allosteric site of PBP2a induces conformational changes in the active site and, thus, hinders its interaction with cefoxitin. Therefore, the present report indicates that mutation in the allosteric site of PBP2a provides a more closed active site conformation than wide-type PBP2a and then causes the high-level resistance to cefoxitin.

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