Acute respiratory infection due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae: current status of diagnostic methods

Background Severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) results in a tremendous disease burden worldwide. Available research on active surveillance among hospitalized adult patients suffering from SARI in China is limited. This pilot study aimed to identify associated etiologies and describe the demographic, epidemiological and clinical profiles of hospitalized SARI patients aged over 16 years in Jinshan, Shanghai. Methods Active surveillance was conducted at 1 sentinel hospital in Jinshan district, Shanghai, from April 2017 to March 2018. Hospitalized SARI patients aged over 16 years old were enrolled, and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected within 24 hours of admission and tested for multiple respiratory viruses (including 18 common viruses) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae with real-time polymerase chain reaction. Demographic, epidemiological and clinical information was obtained from case report forms. Results In total, 397 SARI patients were enrolled; the median age was 68 years, and 194 (48.9%) patients were male. A total of 278 (70.0%) patients had at least one underlying chronic medical condition. The most frequent symptoms were cough (99.2%) and sputum production (88.4%). The median duration of hospitalization was 10 days. A total of 250 infection patients (63.0%) were positive for at least one pathogen, of whom 198 (49.9%) were positive for a single pathogen and 52 (13.1%) were positive for multiple pathogens. The pathogens identified most frequently were M. pneumoniae (23.9%, 95/397), followed by adenovirus (AdV) (11.6%, 46/397), influenza virus A/H3N2 (Flu A/H3N2) (11.1%, 44/397), human rhinovirus (HRhV) (8.1%, 32/397), influenza virus B/Yamagata (Flu B/Yamagata) (6.3%, 25/397), pandemic influenza virus A/H1N1 (Flu A/pH1N1) (4.0%, 16/397), parainfluenza virus (PIV) type 1 (2.0%, 8/397), human coronavirus (HCoV) type NL63 (2.0%, 8/397), HCoV 229E (1.5%, 6/397), HCoV HKU1 (1.5%, 6/397), PIV 3 (1.5%, 6/397), human metapneumovirus (HMPV) (1.5%, 6/397), PIV 4 (1.3%, 5/397), HCoV OC43 (1.0%, 4/397), influenza virus B/Victoria (Flu B/Victoria) (0.5%, 2/397), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) type B (0.5%, 2/397), and human bocavirus (HBoV) (0.3%, 1/397). The seasonality of pathogen-confirmed SARI patients had a bimodal distribution, with the first peak in the summer and the second peak in the winter. Statistically significant differences were observed with respect to the rates of dyspnea, radiographically diagnosed pneumonia and the presence of at least one comorbidity in patients who were infected with only M. pneumoniae, AdV, HRhV, Flu A/H3N2, Flu A /pH1N1 or Flu B/Yamagata. The differences in the positivity rates of the above 6 pathogens among the different age groups were nonsignificant. Conclusions M. pneumoniae, AdV and Flu A/H3N2 were the main pathogens detected in hospitalized SARI patients aged over 16 years old in Jinshan district, Shanghai. Our findings highlight the importance of sustained multipathogen surveillance among SARI patients in sentinel hospitals, which can provide useful information on SARI etiologies, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics.

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Acute gastroenteritis with a new coronavirus infection in Novosibirsk residents

Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology ◽

10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-190-6-12-17 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (6) ◽

pp. 12-17

Author(s):

E. I. Krasnova ◽

V. V. Provorova ◽

N. I. Khokhlova ◽

E. V. Borodina ◽

O. B. Sheronova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Clinical Picture ◽

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Specific Primers ◽

Practice Test ◽

Laboratory Features ◽

Coronavirus Infection

The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and clinical and laboratory features of acute gastroenteritis (OGE) in adult residents of Novosibirsk hospitalized with a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in 2020.Materials and methods. We examined 3581 patients aged 18 to 96 years with a diagnosis of “New coronavirus infection”, confirmed by the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the mucus from the oropharynx by PCR, hospitalized in the State Medical Institution NSO GICB No. 1 in 2020. Along with the generally accepted diagnostic methods, feces were examined by PCR in 50 patients with gastrointestinal syndrome to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA using a set of original specific primers.Results. Of the 3,581 hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19, 74% of cases were diagnosed with bilateral polysegmental pneumonia, and 26% of cases were diagnosed with acute respiratory infection. Manifestations of OGE were observed in 6.8% (n=243) of patients. In the group of 50 COVID-19 patients, in whom the disease began with symptoms of OGE, it came to the fore in the clinical picture of the disease in 20% of cases, and SARS-Co- V2 RNA in the feces was detected in 62% of patients.Conclusion The established frequency of OGE in COVID-19 in adults shows the need to develop and implement in clinical practice test systems (PCR of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces) for the diagnosis of the intestinal form of a new coronavirus infection.

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in Children with Acute Respiratory Infection

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics ◽

10.1093/tropej/fmi008 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 232-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Vijaya D. Shenoy ◽

Santosh A. Upadhyaya ◽

Sugandhi P. Rao ◽

K. L. Shobha

Keyword(s):

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection

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Community outbreak of acute respiratory infection by Mycoplasma pneumoniae

European Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1007/bf00145497 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 131-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Angela Dom�nguez ◽

Sofia Minguell ◽

Joan Torres ◽

Angelita Serrano ◽

Josep Vidal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection

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Acute Respiratory Infection by Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in a Population of Older Adults in Colombia

Universitas Médica ◽

10.11144/javeriana.umed58-4.pneu ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Nidi Lorena Corredor Cubides ◽

Karent Juileth Beltrán Suárez ◽

Juan Camilo Segura Salgero ◽

Laura Bettin Torres ◽

Jeanette Coriat Budik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Chlamydophila Pneumoniae ◽

Upper Respiratory Infections ◽

Upper Respiratory

AbstractIntroduction: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a heterogeneous group of viral and bacterial respiratory pathologies including Chlamydophila pneumoniae (CP) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) that are not routinely identified; these infections in the older adults have mortality rates 3 to 5 times higher than that recorded in other age groups. Methods: this study was conducted prospectively to determine the proportion of atypical bacterial pathogens in older adults with ARI in Bogotá. Microbiological diagnosis was determined by real-time PCR (qPCR) in samples of respiratory origin and serology for antibodies IgG, IgA and IgM to MP and CP. Results: A total of 71 patients were enrolled from 2012 to 2013. Upper respiratory infections were diagnosed in the 69% of patients and lower respiratory infections in 31%. MP was identified in 9.8% and CP in 8.5%. Conclusions: these findings indicated that CP and MP must be viewed as a significant etiological agent of ARI in older adults in Bogotá.

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