scholarly journals Microspore embryogenesis: assignment of genes to embryo formation and green vs. albino plant production

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Muñoz-Amatriaín ◽  
J. T. Svensson ◽  
A. M. Castillo ◽  
T. J. Close ◽  
M. P. Vallés
Keyword(s):  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Albino Plant ◽  
Embryo Formation

scholarly journals Suppression of Metacaspase- and Autophagy-Dependent Cell Death Improves Stress-Induced Microspore Embryogenesis in Brassica napus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Berenguer ◽  
Elena A Minina ◽  
Elena Carneros ◽  
Ivett Bárány ◽  
Peter V Bozhkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Haploid Plant

Abstract Microspore embryogenesis is a biotechnological process that allows us to rapidly obtain doubled-haploid plants for breeding programs. The process is initiated by the application of stress treatment, which reprograms microspores to embark on embryonic development. Typically, a part of the microspores undergoes cell death that reduces the efficiency of the process. Metacaspases (MCAs), a phylogenetically broad group of cysteine proteases, and autophagy, the major catabolic process in eukaryotes, are critical regulators of the balance between cell death and survival in various organisms. In this study, we analyzed the role of MCAs and autophagy in cell death during stress-induced microspore embryogenesis in Brassica napus. We demonstrate that this cell death is accompanied by the transcriptional upregulation of three BnMCA genes (BnMCA-Ia, BnMCA-IIa and BnMCA-IIi), an increase in MCA proteolytic activity and the activation of autophagy. Accordingly, inhibition of autophagy and MCA activity, either individually or in combination, suppressed cell death and increased the number of proembryos, indicating that both components play a pro-cell death role and account for decreased efficiency of early embryonic development. Therefore, MCAs and/or autophagy can be used as new biotechnological targets to improve in vitro embryogenesis in Brassica species and doubled-haploid plant production in crop breeding and propagation programs.

scholarly journals Comparison of Orchard-grass and Sweet Maize for Doubled Haploid Plant Production via Wide Hybridization in Bread Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1548-1552
Author(s):  
Süleyman Avcı ◽  
İmren Kutlu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Haploid Plant ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Haploid Embryo ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Embryo Formation ◽  
Maize Varieties

In this study, the potential of haploid regeneration was investigated in hybridization of six bread wheat F1 hybrids known response to another culture with orchard-grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and sweet maize varieties (Baron, Challenger and Merit). A total of 150 wheat spikes were pollinated with orchard grass and sweet maize and 2730 pseudo-seeds were produced. Although the high rate of developed pseudo-seeds was developed from bread wheat F1 hybrids × orchard-grass, no embryos were produced. Developed pseudo-seeds (2057 number) of bread wheat × sweet maize produced 53 haploid embryos and only 8 of them were regenerated. Developed green plantlets were vernalized and applied colchicine and only four of them produced fertile seeds. The highest rate (5.9) of haploid embryo formation within wheat genotypes was determined in DH20 × Kate A-1. Although the highest haploid embryo formation was observed in Challenger with 3.5% among sweet maize genotypes, it had no effect on plant regeneration. Also, the mixture of pollen of sweet maize varieties increased haploid plant regeneration. It has been observed that some F1 hybrids such as DH20 × Kate A-1 and DH6 × Altay 2000 with low anther response gave better results in terms of haploid embryo formation and regeneration. The means of fertile spike percentages and number of seeds per fertile spike were 26.75% and 9.83, respectively in developed green plants. As a result, bread wheat × sweet maize hybridization will be a good alternative to obtain a homozygous line in a short time in bread wheat genotypes with low anther response.

scholarly journals The Role of Drought Stress on Anther Culture of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Shahinul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Albino Plant ◽  
Albino Plants ◽  
Embryo Yield ◽  
Embryo Regeneration

Drought stress was found to pose a significant effect on anther culture of wheat, namely Barkat, Kanchan and Pavon-76. Regeneration potentials of these varieties were determined by estimating the percentage of anther response, embryo induction, embryo regeneration and production of green and albino plants. It was observed that out of five treatments such as T1 (1 hr), T2 (3 hr), T3 (5 hr), T4 (7 hr) and T5 (9 hr) only T2 showed highest percentage of embryo yield and green plantlets. The T1 and T3 also gave significantly better results compared to the control. All the genotypes produced embryos and green plantlets and of them Barkat showed best performance followed by Kanchan and Pavon 76. Genotypes, under this study, produced green plants in addition to albinos but T4 and T5 showed three - fourfold higher albino plant production in comparison to treatments.  Key words: Anther culture, Drought stress, Haploids, Triticum aestivum D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v20i1.5965 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 20(1): 55-61, 2010 (June)

scholarly journals Proteases with caspase 3-like activity participate in cell death during stress-induced microspore embryogenesis of Brassica napus

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Berenguer ◽  
María-Teresa Solís ◽  
Yolanda Pérez-Pérez ◽  
Pilar S. Testillano
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Haploid Plant ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Proteolytic Activities

Abstract Microspore embryogenesis is a model system of plant cell reprogramming, totipotency acquisition, stress response and embryogenesis initiation. This in vitro system constitutes an important biotechnological tool for haploid and doubled-haploid plant production, very useful for crop breeding. In this process, microspores (cells that produce pollen grains in planta) are reprogrammed toward embryogenesis by specific stress treatment, but many microspores die after the stress. The occurrence of cell death is a serious limiting problem that greatly reduces microspore embryogenesis yield. In animals, increasing evidence has revealed caspase proteolytic activities as essential executioners of programmed cell death (PCD) processes, however, less is known in plants. Although plant genomes do not contain caspase homologues, caspase-like proteolytic activities have been detected in many plant PCD processes. In the present study, we have analysed caspase 3-like activity and its involvement in stress-induced cell death during initial stages of microspore embryogenesis of Brassica napus. After stress treatment to induce embryogenesis, isolated microspore cultures showed high levels of cell death and caspase 3-like proteolytic activity was induced. Treatments with specific inhibitor of caspase 3-like activity reduced cell death and increased embryogenesis induction efficiency. Our findings indicate the involvement of proteases with caspase 3-like activity in the initiation and/or execution of cell death at early microspore embryogenesis in B. napus, giving new insights into the pathways of stress-induced cell death in plants and opening a new way to improve in vitro embryogenesis efficiency by using chemical modulators of cell death proteases.

Irrigation Volume, Application, and Controlled-release Fertilizer II. Effect on Substrate Solution Nutrient Concentration and Water Efficiency in Containerized Plant Production

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Groves ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Ted E. Bilderback
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Irrigation Efficiency ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Substrate Solution ◽  
Irrigation Volume ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Abstract Rooted cuttings of Cotoneaster dammeri Schneid ‘Skogholm’ and seedlings of Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. ‘Goldsturm’ were potted into 3.8 liter (4 qt) containers in a pine bark:sand (8:1 by vol) substrate incorporated with 3.5 g (0.12 oz) N per container provided by one of the following five controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs): Meister 21N–3.5P–11.1K (21–7–14), Osmocote 24N–2.0P–5.6K (24–4–7), Scotts 23N–2.0P–6.4K (23–4–8), Sustane 5N–0.9P–3.3K (5–2–4) or Woodace 21N–3.0P–9.5K (21–6–12). Two hundred ml (0.3 in), 400 ml (0.6 in), 800 ml (1.1 in) or 1200 ml (1.7 in) of water was applied once daily (single) or in two equal applications with a 2 hr interval between applications (cyclic). Substrate solutions were collected from containers of cotoneaster 15, 32, 45, 60, 74, 90, 105, and 119 days after initiation (DAI). Irrigation efficiency [(water applied − water leached) ÷ water applied] was determined on the same days. Cyclic application improved irrigation efficiency at 800 ml (1.1 in) and 1200 ml (1.7 in) ≈ 27% compared to a single application. Irrigation efficiencies averaged over the season were 95%, 84%, 62%, and 48% for cotoneaster and 100%, 90%, 72%, and 51% for rudbeckia at 200 ml (0.3 in), 400 ml (0.6 in), 800 ml (1.1 in) and 1200 ml (1.7 in), respectively. NH4-N and NO3-N and PO4-P concentrations in substrate solution decreased with increasing irrigation volume regardless of CRF. Substrate NH4-N concentration decreased throughout the season with most CRFs below 5 mg/liter by 90 DAI. CRFs mainly affected substrate NH4-N and NO3-N concentrations when irrigated with 200 ml (0.3 in) or 400 ml (0.6 in). Substrate NH4-N, NO3-N, and PO4-P solution concentrations were similar for all CRFs at irrigation volume of 1200 ml (1.7 in). Osmocote, Scotts, and Woodace maintained relatively constant substrate solution levels of PO4-P through 60 DAI. By 90 DAI, substrate PO4-P levels were similar regardless of irrigation volume or CRF. Substrate PO4-P concentrations were never in the recommended range of 5 to 10 mg/liter when irrigated with 800 ml (1.1 in) or 1200 ml (1.7 in) regardless of CRF. Solution pH remained in the recommended range of 5.0 to 6.0 for all irrigation volumes and CRFs throughout the entire study with the exception of Sustane.

Nitrogen gross balance in farms specialised in plant production in selected regions of Poland

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Kupiec ◽  
Agnieszka Zdanowska ◽  
Janina Zbierska ◽  
Aleksandra Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Plant Production

Profitability of dairy farming in relation to the type of feeding system

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Frelich ◽  
Martin Šlachta ◽  
František Střeleček ◽  
Jana Lososová
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Financial Health ◽  
Profit Rate ◽  
Permanent Housing ◽  
Cow Performance

Profitability of dairy farming in relation to the type of feeding systemWe investigated the profitability of dairy farms in relation to the type of feeding system (seasonal pasture vs. permanent housing). An economic analysis was carried out of data on the structure and financial health of 50 farms in 2007 using questionnaires filled in by the farmers. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to reveal causal relationships between a number of characteristics of the farms. The two axis of PCA explained 40.48% and 16.13% of the variability among the selected farm characteristics. Profitability related more to the number of subsidies, the area of arable land, the number of livestock and to the milk and plant production than to the area of meadows and pastures. Although a better cow performance was achieved on farms with confined herds, the profit per agricultural area and profit rate did not differ significantly between the two feeding strategies (P>0.05). The profit was 3,259 and 3,655 CZK/ha on average and the profit rate 7.9% and 5.6% on average on farms with pastured herds and on farms with confined herds, respectively. A lowering of input costs and a more effective utilisation of grasslands may further enhance profitability.

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