Profitability of dairy farming in relation to the type of feeding system

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Frelich ◽  
Martin Šlachta ◽  
František Střeleček ◽  
Jana Lososová
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Financial Health ◽  
Profit Rate ◽  
Permanent Housing ◽  
Cow Performance

Profitability of dairy farming in relation to the type of feeding systemWe investigated the profitability of dairy farms in relation to the type of feeding system (seasonal pasture vs. permanent housing). An economic analysis was carried out of data on the structure and financial health of 50 farms in 2007 using questionnaires filled in by the farmers. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to reveal causal relationships between a number of characteristics of the farms. The two axis of PCA explained 40.48% and 16.13% of the variability among the selected farm characteristics. Profitability related more to the number of subsidies, the area of arable land, the number of livestock and to the milk and plant production than to the area of meadows and pastures. Although a better cow performance was achieved on farms with confined herds, the profit per agricultural area and profit rate did not differ significantly between the two feeding strategies (P>0.05). The profit was 3,259 and 3,655 CZK/ha on average and the profit rate 7.9% and 5.6% on average on farms with pastured herds and on farms with confined herds, respectively. A lowering of input costs and a more effective utilisation of grasslands may further enhance profitability.

Effects of winter-feeding system on beef cow performance, ruminal fermentation, and system costs

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-744
Author(s):  
D. Jose ◽  
K. Larson ◽  
J.J. McKinnon ◽  
G.B. Penner ◽  
D. Damiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding System ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Winter Feeding

scholarly journals Increasing Sustainability of Growing Media Constituents and Stand-Alone Substrates in Soilless Culture Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazim Gruda
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Soilless Culture ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Closed Loop Systems

Decreasing arable land, rising urbanization, water scarcity, and climate change exert pressure on agricultural producers. Moving from soil to soilless culture systems can improve water use efficiency, especially in closed-loop systems with a recirculating water/nutrient solution that recaptures the drain water for reuse. However, the question of alternative materials to peat and rockwool, as horticultural substrates, has become increasingly important, due to the despoiling of ecologically important peat bog areas and a pervasive waste problem. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive critical review of current developments in soilless culture, growing media, and future options of using different materials other than peat and rockwool. Apart from growing media properties and their performance from the point of view of plant production, economic and environmental factors are also important. Climate change, CO2 emissions, and other ecological issues will determine and drive the development of soilless culture systems and the choice of growing media in the near future. Bioresources, e.g., treated and untreated waste, as well as renewable raw materials, have great potential to be used as growing media constituents and stand-alone substrates. A waste management strategy aimed at reducing, reusing, and recycling should be further and stronger applied in soilless culture systems. We concluded that the growing media of the future must be available, affordable, and sustainable and meet both quality and environmental requirements from growers and society, respectively.

The Study on Dynamic Change of Cultivated Land Resources and Driving Forces - A Study Case of Lixian County, Hebei Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 707 ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Can Zhang ◽  
Hui Chun Shi ◽  
Xia Xia Lv
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Annual Reduction ◽  
Statistical Yearbook

In this paper, Lixian County 2001-2010 dynamic changes of cultivated land resources were studied. Studies have shown that: the past 10 years the average annual reduction rate of 0.72% Lixian County arable land, and the reduction since 2002, much faster, In the spatial region, most dramatic change is more economically developed society Liwu Town, Dabaichi Town, Xinxing Town and Liushi Town. According to the statistical Yearbook 2001-2010 review, we select factor and use principal component analysis. The main driving factors of impacting Lixian County arable land resources change are economic factor, demographic factor and progress in agricultural technology factor.

scholarly journals Economic development in Slovak agriculture

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chrastinová ◽  
V. Burianová
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
Production Output ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Input Prices ◽  
The Eu

The article discusses economic development of Slovak agriculture in the period after the accession of Slovakia to the EU and after adopting the CAP. It evaluates agriculture as a whole and its contribution to the national economy, as well as the economic performance of the individual legal forms of business and production sectors. The results achieved by agriculture in 2004–2007 suggest that the income within the sector (except of 2005) has improved also due to the inflow of the EU subsidies. On the other hand, despite the growing aid the production output is shrinking, wages stagnate and the employment is falling. This suggests that the CAP should be changed after 2013, especially as regards the ways of subsidy payments. Economics of the individual products are largely affected by input prices, realisation prices, as well as by the volume of direct subsidies, namely in the plant production – the subsidies for crops grown on arable land, and in animal production – the subsidies per 1 Big Cattle Unit.

scholarly journals The Whole and the Parts—A New Perspective on Production Diseases and Economic Sustainability in Dairy Farming

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9044
Author(s):  
Susanne Hoischen-Taubner ◽  
Jonas Habel ◽  
Verena Uhlig ◽  
Eva-Marie Schwabenbauer ◽  
Theresa Rumphorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Replacement Rate ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Average Proportion ◽  
Production Diseases ◽  
Point Data ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Break Even Point

The levels of production diseases (PD) and the cow replacement rate are high in dairy farming. They indicate excessive production demands on the cow and a poor state of animal welfare. This is the subject of increasing public debate. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of production diseases on the economic sustainability of dairy farms. The contributions of individual culled cows to the farm’s economic performance were calculated, based on milk recording and accounting data from 32 farms in Germany. Cows were identified as ‘profit cows’ when they reached their individual ‘break-even point’. Data from milk recordings (yield and indicators for PD) were used to cluster farms by means of a principal component and a cluster analysis. The analysis revealed five clusters of farms. The average proportion of profit cows was 57.5%, 55.6%, 44.1%, 29.4% and 19.5%. Clusters characterized by a high proportion of cows with metabolic problems and high culling and mortality rates had lower proportions of profit cows, somewhat irrespective of the average milk-yield per cow. Changing the perception of PD from considering it as collateral damage to a threat to the farms’ economic viability might foster change processes to reduce production diseases.

scholarly journals Key traits for ruminant livestock across diverse production systems in the context of climate change: perspectives from a global platform of research farms

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
M. Jordana Rivero ◽  
Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos ◽  
Alex Evans ◽  
Alexandre Berndt ◽  
Andrew Cartmill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Enteric Fermentation ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Ruminant Livestock

Ruminant livestock are raised under diverse cultural and environmental production systems around the globe. Ruminant livestock can play a critical role in food security by supplying high-quality, nutrient-dense food with little or no competition for arable land while simultaneously improving soil health through vital returns of organic matter. However, in the context of climate change and limited land resources, the role of ruminant-based systems is uncertain because of their reputed low efficiency of feed conversion (kilogram of feed required per kilogram of product) and the production of methane as a by-product of enteric fermentation. A growing human population will demand more animal protein, which will put greater pressure on the Earth’s planetary boundaries and contribute further to climate change. Therefore, livestock production globally faces the dual challenges of mitigating emissions and adapting to a changing climate. This requires research-led animal and plant breeding and feeding strategies to optimise ruminant systems. This study collated information from a global network of research farms reflecting a variety of ruminant production systems in diverse regions of the globe. Using this information, key changes in the genetic and nutritional approaches relevant to each system were drawn that, if implemented, would help shape more sustainable future ruminant livestock systems.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis on the nutritional value of insects in aquafeeds

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
N.S. Liland ◽  
P. Araujo ◽  
X.X. Xu ◽  
E.-J. Lock ◽  
G. Radhakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Complete Representation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maximum Threshold

A major challenge for development of sustainable aquafeeds is its dependence on fish meal and fish oil. Similarly, it is unwanted to include more plant ingredients which adds more pressure on resources like arable land, freshwater and fertilisers. New ingredients that do not require these resources but rather refine and valorise organic side streams, like insects, are being developed. Increasing evidence indicates that using insect ingredients in aquafeeds are a sustainable alternative and considerable progress has been made on this topic in the past years. The aim of this chapter is to present a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the data available on the impact of insects in aquafeeds. Systematic search, collection and selection of relevant literature from databases such as Web of Science and NCBI was performed. The literature search enabled 91 scientific papers from peer-reviewed journals, comprising a dataset of 415 experimental diets, including 35 different aquatic species and 14 insect species to be included in this meta-analysis, covering what we consider a close to complete representation of credible publications on this topic. Information on aquatic species, insect species, dietary composition (amino acids, fatty acids, proximate composition) and performance outputs (growth performance indicators and nutrient digestibility) were included in the construction of the dataset. Regression models and principal component analyses were performed on the meta-data. The results from the meta-analysis revealed a great degree of variation in the maximum threshold for insect inclusion in aquafeeds (from 4 to 37%) based on subgroups of trophic level of aquatic species, insect species used, statistical method and the output parameter. Overall, a maximum threshold of 25-30% inclusion of insects in aquafeeds for uncompromised performance is suggested. Reduction in protein digestibility, imbalanced amino acid profile and increasing levels of saturated fatty acid were identified as major factors limiting higher inclusion of insects in aquafeeds.

scholarly journals Analysis of Credit Ratings for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Evidence from Asia

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoyuki Yoshino ◽  
Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Credit Ratings ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Financial Health ◽  
Financial Systems ◽  
Access To Finance ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
The World ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Domestic Economies

In Asia, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) account for the major share of employment and dominate domestic economies, yet providing these companies with access to finance is a challenge across the region. Asian economies are often characterized as having bank-dominated financial systems and underdeveloped capital markets, in particular with regard to venture capital. As a result, banks are the main source of financing for SMEs. It is crucial for banks to be able to distinguish healthy from risky companies. If they can do this, lending and financing SMEs through banks will be easier. In this paper, we explain the importance of SMEs in Asia. Then, we provide a scheme for assigning credit ratings to SMEs by employing two statistical analysis techniques—principal component analysis and cluster analysis—applying 11 financial ratios of 1,363 SMEs in Asia. If used by the financial institutions, this comprehensive and efficient method could enable banks and other lending agencies around the world, and especially in Asia, to group SME customers based on financial health and adjust interest rates on loans and set lending ceilings for each group.

scholarly journals Ecologically Safe Architecture of Agrolandscape Is Basis for Sustainable Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Ekaterina G. Kotlyarova ◽  
Vladimir I. Cherniavskih ◽  
Elena V. Dumacheva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Biological Capacity ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Central Chernozem ◽  
Landscape Basis

<p>Worldwide, about 12x10<sup>6</sup> ha of arable land are destroyed and abandoned annually due to soil erosion. This problem is very serious for Krasnogvardeiskiy district, which is most eroded district (72.7% eroded lands) in the Central Chernozem Zone (CCZ) of Russia. Under the leadership of the academician of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences O.G. Kotlyarova the landscape agricultural systems (LASs) were mastered throughout the Krasnogvardeisky district (132 thousand ha). Our investigations showed that the purpose for which LASs were created is reached. Obtained results showed that it is possible to prevent erosive losses and to raise soil fertility. Restoration of soil fertility is presented in terms of increasing of crops productivity-on 25%. Transformation of a landscape basis has increased the general biological capacity of territory more than twice and exchangeable biological capacity by 32%. All these facts have raised assimilability of the transformed territory that allows to consider it, unlike traditional, not as source ??<sub>2</sub> in atmosphere, and as fixed carbon tank which capacity can reach 0,71 t/ha. In turn the intensification of substances circulation leads to increasing of plant production efficiency. Excess is from 14% (productivity of labour expenses) to 43.2% (use efficiency of PAR). In intensively mastered agricultural district (arable lands more than 80%) agroecosystems have been formed, allowing besides its basic function: soil preservation, steady reception of agricultural production, to carry out also the major biospheric function - increasing biological variety, creation of a favorable inhabitancy for live organisms, including human.</p>

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