Collections of genetic resources of field crops at ustymivka experimental station of plant production

Goal. To build up a spring triticale genetic bank to provide breeding, scientific and educational institutions with initial material and to preserve the existing diversity. To update the database of accessions with a set of valuable economic and morphological features. Results and discussion. The methodology and results of the collection formation and evaluation of spring triticale accessions in the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine of Plant Production Institute nd. a V. Ya. Yuriev are presented. The formed collection includes 1,935 accessions from 27 countries: 42 varieties and 1,478 breeding lines from Ukraine, 92 varieties and 248 lines from foreign countries and also 75 genetic lines. The collection was formed by major valuable economic features (plant height, growing season length, spike threshing, yield, 1000-grain weight, disease resistance, technological properties, etc.). Accessions with the majority of morpho-biological and valuable economic features were selected. All the accessions in the collection are certificated. 1,762 accessions were packed for storage into the National Depository; 1,507 of them were packed for long-term storage. Conclusions. The gene pool of spring triticale from the collection of the Gene Bank of Plants of Ukraine is widely used for breeding. This allows conducting hybridization of genetically and ecologically remote forms with various expressions of features and obtaining whole new breeding material. Involvement of collection accessions in breeding allows generating new genetic sources of valuable economic features.

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ДЖЕРЕЛА ГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ТА СЕЛЕКЦІЙНО-ЦІННИХ ОЗНАК ДЛЯ СЕЛЕКЦІЇ ГРЕЧКИ ЗВИЧАЙНОЇ (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.)

Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії ◽

10.31210/visnyk2017.1-2.10 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 48-55

Author(s):

О. В. Тригуб ◽

В. В. Ляшенко

Keyword(s):

Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽

Common Origin ◽

Plant Production ◽

Morphological Parameters ◽

Study Methods ◽

Experimental Station ◽

Quality Of Products ◽

Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench

У статті наведено результати вивчення гречки звичайної різного походження із Національної колекції України протягом 2014–2016 років в Устимівській дослідній станції рослинництва за характеристиками господарської придатності та морфологічними показниками. Застосовані методики вивчення та опису матеріалу дали змогу диференціювати колекційний матеріал і виділити найбільш цінний, як джерела господарських та селекційно-цінних ознак за різними напрямками селекційного використання – за урожайністю та її складовими, якістю продукції. The article presents the results of the study of buckwheat of common origin from the National Collection of Ukraine for 2014–2016 years in Ustymivka Experimental Station of Plant Production on the economic characteristics and morphological parameters. Used study methods and description of the material allowed to differentiate collection material and identify the most valuable as a source of economic and selection-valuable traits in different directions selective use – for yield and its components, quality of products.

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ECOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL STUDYING OF PEANUT SAMPLES BY ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE TRAITS

10.25230/conf11-2021-24-28 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

V.D. Bemova ◽

◽

Т.V. Yakusheva ◽

М.Sh. Asfandiyarova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Scientific Center ◽

Experimental Station ◽

Economically Valuable Traits ◽

New Material ◽

Ripening Rate ◽

Academy Of Sciences ◽

In Cis

Peanut seeds are valuable nut-bearing raw materials widely used in food and confectionary industries. Unfortunately, industrial sowings of peanut in Russia are absent. Thereat it is necessary to look for new material for breeding. Conduction of ecological and geographical trials allowed finding the most productive and large-seeded samples from the VIR’s collection. The trial results also showed the significant impact of reproduction place on economically valuable traits. Thus, ripening rate is higher in Cis-caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (PAFNTs RAN) compared to the Kuban experimental station – a branch of N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (KOS VIR).

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Seed priming in field crops: potential benefits, adoption and challenges

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp18604 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (9) ◽

pp. 731 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Muhammad Farooq ◽

Muhammad Usman ◽

Faisal Nadeem ◽

Hafeez ur Rehman ◽

Abdul Wahid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Tap Water ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Plant Production ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

X Rays ◽

Physical Methods ◽

Actual Weight ◽

Field Crops

Seed priming is a presowing technique in which seeds are moderately hydrated to the point where pregermination metabolic processes begin without actual germination. Seeds are then redried to near their actual weight for normal handling. Seeds can be soaked in tap water (hydropriming), aerated low-water potential solutions of polyethylene glycol or salt solutions (KNO3, KH2PO4, KCl, NaCl, CaCl2 or MgSO4; osmopriming), plant growth regulators, polyamines (hormonal priming), plant growth-promoting bacteria (biopriming), macro or micronutrients (nutripriming) or some plant-based natural extracts. Here, we review: (1) seed priming as a simple and effective approach for improving stand establishment, economic yields and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in various crops by inducing a series of biochemical, physiological, molecular and subcellular changes in plants; (2) the tendency for seed priming to reduce the longevity of high-vigour seeds and improve the longevity of low-vigour seeds; (3) the advantages of physical methods of seed priming to enhance plant production over conventional methods based on the application of different chemical substances; (4) the various physical methods (e.g. magneto-priming and ionising radiation, including gamma rays, ultraviolet (UV) rays (UVA, UVC) and X-rays) available that are the most promising presowing seed treatments to improve crop productivity under stressful conditions; and (5) effective seed priming techniques for micronutrient delivery at planting in field crops. Seed priming as a cost-effective approach is being used for different crops and in different countries to improve yield, as a complementary strategy to grain biofortification and in genetically improved crop varieties to enhance their performance under stress conditions, including submergence and low phosphorus. Some of the challenges to the broad commercial adaption of seed priming include longevity of seeds after conventional types of priming under ambient storage conditions and a lack of studies on hermetic packaging materials for extended storage.

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The Influence of Cropyear on the Yield and Yield Safety of Different Sunflower Hybrids

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/16/3291 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 68-73

Author(s):

Mária Dani ◽

Péter Pepó

Keyword(s):

Growing Season ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Plant Production ◽

Early Group ◽

Middle Group ◽

Experimental Station ◽

Technical Factors ◽

In The Beginning ◽

The University ◽

The Relationship

The effectiveness of plant production is basically influenced by the ecological, biological and agricultural technical factors. There are many kinds of sunflower hybrids which differres in their adaptability. If we want to increase the efficiency of sunflower production, we have to design different technologies for each hybrid. In the last decade, the range of sunflower hybrids increased exceedingly. This is the reason why we have to do experiments with them and examine what the relationship among genotypes, the environment and the hybrids is.We made our experiments at the Látóképi Experimental Station of the University of Debrecen. We had 57 hybrids in 2001, and 44 in 2002 and 2003. We used only just those hybrids which were planted in every year.In 2001 the months at summer were hot and the distribution of rainfall was extreme. In the beginning of the year 2002, the summer was also hot. During the abscessing period, the temperature was under the 30 years average and the rainless period was typical. In 2003, the temperature was extrame and the rainfall during the growing season was dry. The yield average which was determined after the three years in the very early group averaged 3998,9 kg/ha. The best hybrids were the LG 5385 (4273,3 kg/ha) and the Magóg (4134,4 kg/ha). The early group’s average was 4129,4 kg/ha. The best hybrid was the Astor in the early group. The middle group’s average was 4169 kg/ha and the Zoltán had a better yield than average (4238 kg/ha). In the confectionary group the Iregi szürke csíkos (3579,9 kg/ha) reached the best yield and it is above the average to it’s group (3225 kg/ha).To estimate the results, we used factor analysis. Its results allow us to say that rainfall first and second part of June has a negative influence on yield. Aswith to the yield, yield safety is also important to know, which shows the adaptability of the hybrid.After examining the CV% in the three years we can say that the most stable hybrids were in the very early group Samanta (10,94 CV%) and the LG 5385 (12 CV%) In the early group, the most reliable hybrids were Altesse RM (6,9 CV%) and the Astor (10,8 CV%) and the end in the middle group the Lympil (10 CV%) and in the confectionary group the Birdy (9,8 CV%) and IS 8004 (12 CV%) were the best.After examining yield and yield safety, our conclusions are that in the Hajdúsági löszhát, the very early group LG 5385, early group Altesse RM, middle group Lympil and the parandial group IS 8004 hybrid had the highest yield and the best yield stability.

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Seed dormancy as an obstacle ın front of plant production

Trends in Horticulture ◽

10.24294/th.v1i3.799 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Mustafa YILDIZ

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Seed Tuber ◽

Plant Production ◽

Hard Seed ◽

Field Crops ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

Activity Of Enzymes ◽

Chemical Pretreatments ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Hard Seed Coat

Dormancy is a state of lack of germination/sprouting in seed/tuber although required conditions (temperature, humidity, oxygen and light) are provided. Dormancy is based on hard seed coat dormancy or lack of supply and activity of enzymes (internal dormancy) necessary for germination/sprouting. Dormancy is an important factor limiting production in many field crops. Several physical and chemical pretreatments to production material (seed/tuber) are carried out for overcoming dormancy. Physical and physiological dormancy can be found together in some plants and this event makes difficult to provide high frequency healthy seedling growth. Whereas, emerging of all production material (seed, tuber) sown/planted and forming healthy seedling is a prerequisite of plant production.

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Harnessing Genetic Resources in Field Crops for Developing Resilience to Climate Change

Biodiversity and Climate Change Adaptation in Tropical Islands ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-813064-3.00022-3 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 597-621 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Awnindra K. Singh ◽

R.M. Singh ◽

Ayyam Velmurugan ◽

R. Rahul Kumar ◽

Utpal Biswas

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Field Crops

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Climate Risks in the Northeast

10.32747/2017.6960277.ch ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Organic Production ◽

Plant Production ◽

Agricultural Commodities ◽

Animal Agriculture ◽

Northeast Region ◽

Climate Risks ◽

Field Crops ◽

Total Plant

The 12 northeastern states form a diverse region producing more than $21 billion yearly in agricultural commodities. The Northeast region contains the seven most densely populated states and leads the nation in direct-to-public farm sales. Animal agriculture is important, particularly dairy and poultry. About half of the field crops and pasture grown in the Northeast are for animal feed. Horticulture and perennial fruits are also a relatively large portion of total plant production. Overall, farms in the Northeast are usually smaller in size and organic production is higher i comparison to other regions. About 21% of land in this region is farmland (6% of the national total), and 62% of land is classified as timberland.

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Preservation and study of genetic resources of grapes on the ampelographic collection of the Anapa zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking

Agrarian Bulletin of the ◽

10.32417/1997-4868-2020-195-4-47-55 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 195 (4) ◽

pp. 47-55

Author(s):

I. Gorbunov ◽

A. Lukyanova

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Sugar Accumulation ◽

Early Maturation ◽

Experimental Station ◽

High Sugar ◽

Table Grapes ◽

High Sugar Content ◽

The Stability

Abstract. The purpose of the research, the results of which are reflected in this article, is to preserve, replenish and study the genetic resources of grapes at the Anapa zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking (AZESViW). Novelty. Anapa ampelographic collection, consisting of 4941 genotypes, in 2019 was supplemented with ten varieties (grafted culture): Viktor 2 (Simpatiya), Vion’e, Zarya Nesvyataya, Karmener, Marselo, Romeo, Rusbol muskatnyy, Sirius AZOS, Furshetnyy, Yubiley Khersonskogo dachnika. First identified 5 sources of breeding valuable traits: 2 source of large berries – table grapes Ryukho i Strashenskiy, 1 source of phylloxera resistance – universal grade Ananasnyy, 1 – high sugar content – a technical grade of Bastardo and 1 – ultra-early ripening – table grape Olimpiada. Methods. These varieties, as well as all those growing in the collection, are subject to comprehensive research every year using traditional and modern methods of study, including agrobiological accounting, testing, identification, phenology, crop accounting, growth, and so on. Results. According to the results of scientific research last year, a number of features of the reaction of the studied grape varieties of different ecological and geographical groups and maturation periods to atypical conditions of the growing season in 2019 were revealed. In addition, among the studied varieties, one source was allocated for phylloxerostability: Pineapple grape variety; two sources were allocated for large-yield-table varieties Ryuho (Ryuho) and Strashenskiy; one source for high sugar accumulation – technical variety Bastardo and one source for early maturation-table variety Olympiada. Practical significance. These sources of economically valuable breeding characteristics are necessary for the creation of new varieties, clones and hybrids of grapes that increase the stability of agrocenosis and stability of fruiting, the introduction of which in production can increase the profitability of growing grapes by increasing the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the crop.

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Wyniki ekonomiczno-finansowe gospodarstw z uprawami polowymi na tle gospodarstw nastawionych na pozostałą produkcję roślinną oraz gospodarstw ogółem w Polsce

Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich ◽

10.22630/rnr.2017.104.1.8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 104 (1) ◽

pp. 110-120

Author(s):

Michał Figura

Keyword(s):

Plant Production ◽

Total Production ◽

Earned Income ◽

Field Crops

The paper presents the results of economic and financial farms focused on the cultivation of field crops against farms targeted for the remainder of plant production (horticulture, permanent crops), and the total households in Poland. The basis of the study were data from the 2013 and 2014 year collected in these farms, under a system of Polish FADN. It has been shown that the holding in which the dominant share in the total production is the cultivation of field crops (mainly cereals and rape) were characterized by an average of approx. 20% higher income than households in general. In terms of income, however, is dominated by horticultural holdings. There are in this issue are some differences depending on the region FADN. Among the types of productive horticultural holdings are characterized by relatively low value obtained subsidies that in other types of vegetable farms and in general they have a significant impact on earned income. If the payments stopped functioning farm with permanent crops in the region of Pomerania and Masuria did not have to exist.

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