scholarly journals Territory fidelity, space use, and survival rates of wild coyotes following surgical sterilization

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee G. Seidler ◽  
Eric M. Gese
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Territory Fidelity ◽  
Surgical Sterilization

scholarly journals Effects of sterilization on territory fidelity and maintenance, pair bonds, and survival rates of free-ranging coyotes

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassity Bromley ◽  
Eric M Gese
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Association Index ◽  
Pair Bonds ◽  
Territory Fidelity ◽  
Surgical Sterilization ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Affiliative Behaviors

Predation on sheep by coyotes (Canis latrans) is a longstanding problem for sheep producers. Current research suggests that surgical sterilization of coyotes could prove to be an effective method of reducing their depredation rates on domestic sheep by modifying their predatory behavior. However, for sterilization to be a viable management tool, the territorial and affiliative behaviors of pack members would need to remain in place. We tested whether surgically sterilized coyotes maintained pair bonds and territories in the same manner as intact coyotes. We also examined if territory fidelity and survival rates differed between sterile and intact coyotes. From June 1997 to April 2000, 10 males and 9 females were sham-operated and radio-collared, while 20 males and 6 females were surgically sterilized and radio-collared. We monitored members of 5 sterile and 4 intact packs during 1998, 6 sterile and 7 intact packs during 1999, and 4 sterile and 6 intact packs through the 2000 breeding season. Behaviorally, sterile packs appeared to be no different than intact packs. A half-weight association index showed that social dyads within sterile coyote packs were located together as frequently as dyads within intact packs. Simultaneous radiolocations of members of sterile packs showed that members of sterile packs were significantly closer to each other than would be expected from random locations. There was no difference in size or degree of overlap between territories of sterile and sham-operated coyote packs. Sterile coyotes had a higher annual survival rate than reproductive animals in 2 of the 3 years, and there was no difference in the level of territory fidelity. We concluded that surgical sterilization did not modify the territorial or affiliative behaviors of free-ranging coyotes, and therefore sterile coyotes could be used as a management tool to exclude other potential sheep-killing coyotes.

scholarly journals Metapopulation dynamics and space use by reintroduced elk (Cervus elaphus) in central Ontario

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. McGeachy ◽  
J. Hamr ◽  
F.F. Mallory
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Resource Selection ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Minimum Convex Polygon ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
South Axis

Understanding population structure and resource selection is essential for wildlife management and conservation. We assessed the population structure of elk (Cervus elaphus L.,1758) in central Ontario. We used fuzzy and hierarchical cluster analyses to elucidate elk population structure based on spatial data collected from 41 radio-collared elk. We assessed space use between core and satellite subpopulations with the minimum convex polygon (MCP) and fixed kernel methods. Both fuzzy and hard clustering indicated that elk in this part of central Ontario occur in a metapopulation that includes five subpopulations. The largest cluster consisted of a core group containing 22 radio-collared elk located in Burwash, with several satellite subpopulations spread along a 50 km long north–south axis and a small subpopulation to the west located in Worthington. Survival rates among subpopulations were similar, ranging from 0.71 to 0.83, and anthropogenic causes of mortality were predominant only in the Burwash subpopulation. Space use and density of elk differed between core and satellite subpopulations. Understanding population structure is important to develop appropriate management plans. Our results support the conclusion that metapopulation structure can be reliably assessed using spatial data.

Population ecology of swift foxes (Vulpes velox) in southeastern Colorado

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward R Schauster ◽  
Eric M Gese ◽  
Ann M Kitchen
Keyword(s):  
Population Ecology ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Spatial Overlap ◽  
Vulpes Velox ◽  
Swift Fox ◽  
Shortgrass Prairie ◽  
Social Units

Swift foxes (Vulpes velox) were once distributed across most of the shortgrass prairie of North America. The arrival of settlers and the concurrent loss of habitat, trapping, incidental poisoning, and shooting brought about a decline in its numbers until the swift fox remained only in the southern part of its historic range. A current understanding of swift fox population ecology is important to management and conservation efforts. We examined the population ecology of swift foxes on a native shortgrass prairie ecosystem in southeastern Colorado. From January 1997 to December 1998 we investigated home-range size and space use, spatial overlap, dispersal patterns, survival rates, and reproduction using a sample of 90 (42 males, 48 females) radio-collared foxes. Home ranges were largest (9.4 ± 4.9 km2) and spatial overlap was greatest using nighttime locations when foxes were active, while daytime locations indicated that the use of dens was exclusive among social units, and space use (2.8 ± 2.2 km2) was reduced during the day. Among resident foxes, survival rates were higher for adults than for juveniles. For dispersing foxes, adults that dispersed had higher survival rates than juvenile dispersers. Social units ranged in size from 2 to 4 foxes. About 58% of the social units produced pups; litter size averaged 2.4 pups at den emergence. Among the surviving pup cohort, some pups were philopatric, some dispersed long distances, while others dispersed to neighboring territories. Swift fox density was negatively associated with both coyote (Canis latrans) and lagomorph abundance but positively correlated with rodent abundance.

scholarly journals Space use in free-ranging canids: are gonadal hormones required for territory maintenance?

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 939-947
Author(s):  
Eric M. Gese ◽  
Patricia A. Terletzky
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Range Overlap ◽  
Free Ranging

Fertility control among carnivores has been used to reduce depredations on livestock and wild neonates, population control, modify behavior, inhibit genetic introgression, and reduce human–wildlife conflicts. Although there is considerable knowledge on techniques to sterilize carnivores, there is little information concerning how the absence of gonadal hormones influences behavior, space use, and survival of wild canids. We examined territorial fidelity, home-range size and overlap, and survival of 179 surgically sterilized free-ranging canids (124 coyotes (Canis latrans Say, 1823), 55 coyote – red wolf (Canis rufus Audubon and Bachman, 1851) hybrids) with gonadal hormones present (tubal-ligated females (n = 70), vasectomized males (n = 73)) versus absent (spayed females (n = 22), neutered males (n = 14)). The absence of gonadal hormones did not influence annual home-range size and home-range overlap, territory fidelity, and annual survival rates. Additionally, no differences were detected across sexes and hormonal treatments in annual home-range size, percent home-range overlap, annual home-range residency rates, and annual survival rates. Methods of fertility control that do not keep gonadal organs intact may prove useful for management without concern for changes in behavior, mainly territoriality, space use, and survival.

Ultrastructural Changes in Three Different Mammalian Cells Following Ultraviolet Laser Irradiation

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
K. Shankar Narayan ◽  
Kailash C. Gupta ◽  
Tohru Okigaki
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultraviolet Laser

The biological effects of short-wave ultraviolet light has generally been described in terms of changes in cell growth or survival rates and production of chromosomal aberrations. Ultrastructural changes following exposure of cells to ultraviolet light, particularly at 265 nm, have not been reported.We have developed a means of irradiating populations of cells grown in vitro to a monochromatic ultraviolet laser beam at a wavelength of 265 nm based on the method of Johnson. The cell types studies were: i) WI-38, a human diploid fibroblast; ii) CMP, a human adenocarcinoma cell line; and iii) Don C-II, a Chinese hamster fibroblast cell strain. The cells were exposed either in situ or in suspension to the ultraviolet laser (UVL) beam. Irradiated cell populations were studied either "immediately" or following growth for 1-8 days after irradiation.Differential sensitivity, as measured by survival rates were observed in the three cell types studied. Pattern of ultrastructural changes were also different in the three cell types.

Prevalence and geographic distribution of haemophilia in Costa Rica

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S28-S31 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Arroyo ◽  
L. Salazar-Sánchez ◽  
G. Jiménez-Cruz ◽  
P. Chaverri ◽  
E. Arrieta-Bolaños ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Many ◽  
Low Prevalence

SummaryHaemophilia is the most frequent hereditary haemorrhagic illness and it is due to the deficiency of coagulation factors VIII (haemophilia A, HA) or IX (haemophilia B, HB).The prevalence of this disease varies according to the country, those having better survival rates having also higher prevalences. Specifically in Costa Rica, there are around 130 HA and 30 HB families. This study reports the prevalence and a spatial distribution analysis of both types of the disease in this country. The prevalence of haemophilia in this country is 7 cases per 100 000 men, for HA it is 6 cases per 100 000 and for HB it is 1 case per 100 000 male inhabitants. The prevalence of this disease is low when compared with other populations. This low prevalence could be due to the many patients that have died because of infection with human immunodeficiency virus during the 1980s. The prevalence of haemophilia in Costa Rica is almost one half of that present in developed countries. Nevertheless, the ratio between HA and HB follows world tendency: 5 : 1. In this study, nationwide geographical distribution maps were drawn in order to visualize the origin of severe cases and how this influences the pattern of distribution for both types of haemophilia. By means of these maps, it was possible to state that there is no association between the sites of maximum prevalence of mutated alleles and ethnicity. With this study, haemophilia prevalence distribution maps can be used to improve efforts for the establishment of hemophilia clinics or specialized health centers in those areas which hold the highest prevalences in this country. Also, this knowledge can be applied to improve treatment skills and offer the possibility of developing focused genetic counseling for these populations.

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