scholarly journals Capturing microscopic features of bone remodeling into a macroscopic model based on biological rationales of bone adaptation

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1697-1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Kwan Kim ◽  
Yoshitaka Kameo ◽  
Sakae Tanaka ◽  
Taiji Adachi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Bone Adaptation ◽  
Macroscopic Model ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Microscopic Features

High Fidelity Computational Model of Bone Remodeling Cellular Mechanisms

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Penninger ◽  
Andrés Tovar ◽  
Glen L. Niebur ◽  
John E. Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Bone Adaptation ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Cellular Activity ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Mechanical Loads ◽  
Metabolic Activities

One of the most intriguing aspects of bone is its ability to grow, repair damage, adapt to mechanical loads, and maintain mineral homeostasis [1]. It is generally accepted that bone adaptation occurs in response to the mechanical demands of our daily activities; moreover, strain and microdamage have been implicated as potential stimuli that regulate bone remodeling [2]. Computational models have been used to simulate remodeling in an attempt to better understand the metabolic activities which possess the key information of how this process is carried out [3]. At present, the connection between the cellular activity of remodeling and the applied mechanical stimuli is not fully understood. Only a few mathematical models have been formulated to characterize the remolding process in terms of the cellular mechanisms that occur [4,5].

Analogy of Strain Energy Density Based Bone-Remodeling Algorithm and Structural Topology Optimization

2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
In Gwun Jang ◽  
Il Yong Kim ◽  
Byung Man Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Strain Energy Density ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Bone Adaptation ◽  
Structural Topology Optimization ◽  
Structural Topology ◽  
Topology Optimization Method

In bone-remodeling studies, it is believed that the morphology of bone is affected by its internal mechanical loads. From the 1970s, high computing power enabled quantitative studies in the simulation of bone remodeling or bone adaptation. Among them, Huiskes et al. (1987, “Adaptive Bone Remodeling Theory Applied to Prosthetic Design Analysis,” J. Biomech. Eng., 20, pp. 1135–1150) proposed a strain energy density based approach to bone remodeling and used the apparent density for the characterization of internal bone morphology. The fundamental idea was that bone density would increase when strain (or strain energy density) is higher than a certain value and bone resorption would occur when the strain (or strain energy density) quantities are lower than the threshold. Several advanced algorithms were developed based on these studies in an attempt to more accurately simulate physiological bone-remodeling processes. As another approach, topology optimization originally devised in structural optimization has been also used in the computational simulation of the bone-remodeling process. The topology optimization method systematically and iteratively distributes material in a design domain, determining an optimal structure that minimizes an objective function. In this paper, we compared two seemingly different approaches in different fields—the strain energy density based bone-remodeling algorithm (biomechanical approach) and the compliance based structural topology optimization method (mechanical approach)—in terms of mathematical formulations, numerical difficulties, and behavior of their numerical solutions. Two numerical case studies were conducted to demonstrate their similarity and difference, and then the solution convergences were discussed quantitatively.

scholarly journals The Role of the Loading Condition in Predictions of Bone Adaptation in a Mouse Tibial Loading Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vee San Cheong ◽  
Visakan Kadirkamanathan ◽  
Enrico Dall’Ara
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Axial Load ◽  
Bone Adaptation ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Physiological Loading ◽  
Physiological Load ◽  
Significant Difference

The in vivo mouse tibial loading model is used to evaluate the effectiveness of mechanical loading treatment against skeletal diseases. Although studies have correlated bone adaptation with the induced mechanical stimulus, predictions of bone remodeling remained poor, and the interaction between external and physiological loading in engendering bone changes have not been determined. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of passive mechanical loading on the strain distribution in the mouse tibia and its predictions of bone adaptation. Longitudinal micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging was performed over 2 weeks of cyclic loading from weeks 18 to 22 of age, to quantify the shape change, remodeling, and changes in densitometric properties. Micro-CT based finite element analysis coupled with an optimization algorithm for bone remodeling was used to predict bone adaptation under physiological loads, nominal 12N axial load and combined nominal 12N axial load superimposed to the physiological load. The results showed that despite large differences in the strain energy density magnitudes and distributions across the tibial length, the overall accuracy of the model and the spatial match were similar for all evaluated loading conditions. Predictions of densitometric properties were most similar to the experimental data for combined loading, followed closely by physiological loading conditions, despite no significant difference between these two predicted groups. However, all predicted densitometric properties were significantly different for the 12N and the combined loading conditions. The results suggest that computational modeling of bone’s adaptive response to passive mechanical loading should include the contribution of daily physiological load.

Model Based Fault Detection of Freeway Traffic Sensors

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunes Dervisoglu ◽  
Roberto Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Macroscopic Model ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Freeway Traffic ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Traffic Sensors ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Decision Logic

This paper presents a model based fault detection and exclusion scheme that implements a decision logic to automatically identify faulty or mislocated freeway traffic sensors in the presence of unknown on-ramp and off-ramp flows. The algorithm is deployed within the framework of a suite of software tools, named TOPl, which models traffic flow via a macroscopic model, calibrates the model based on available data and runs simulations to evaluate various operational strategies such as ramp metering, demand management, incident management, etc. TOPl has been used to model various freeways in California, such as Interstate 80, Interstate 210, Interstate 880 and Interstate 680. Two main difficulties with data collection on California freeways were found to be missing ramp flow and faulty mainline data, which decrease the accuracy of the model and increase the time and effort invested in model calibration. The former of these difficulties has been previously addressed by an iterative learning algorithm that estimates the missing ramp flows and the latter is tackled by the method presented in this work.

iBone : A Bone Remodeling Model Based on Reaction-Diffusion System

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003.15 (0) ◽  
pp. 73-74
Author(s):  
Kenichi TEZUKA ◽  
Yoshitaka WADA ◽  
Akiyuki TAKAHASHI ◽  
Takahiro YOSHIDA ◽  
Masanori KIKUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Reaction Diffusion System ◽  
Diffusion System ◽  
Model Based

Damaged-Bone Adaptation Under Steady Homogeneous Stress

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ramtani ◽  
M. Zidi
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Small Strain ◽  
Bone Adaptation ◽  
Damage Effect ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Loading History ◽  
Homogeneous Stress ◽  
Bone Microdamage ◽  
Adaptive Elasticity

In this work an extension of the adaptive-elasticity theory is proposed in order to include the contribution of bone microdamage as a stimulus. Some aspects of damaged-bone tissue adaptation, brought about by a change of the daily loading history, are investigated. In particular, under the assumption of a small strain approximation and isothermal conditions, the solution of the remodeling rate equation for steady homogeneous stress is discussed and the damage effect upon the remodeling time constant is shown. The result is both theoretical and numerical, based on a recent theory of internal damaged-bone remodeling (Ramtani, S., and Zidi, M., 1999, “Damaged-Bone Remodeling Theory: Thermodynamical Approach,” Mechanics Research Communications, Vol. 26, pp. 701–708. Ramtani, S., and Zidi, M., 2001, “A Theoretical Model of the Effect of Continum Damage on a Bone Adaption Model,” Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 34, pp. 471–479) and motivated by the works of Cowin, S. C., and Hegedus, D. M., 1976, “Bone Remodeling I: Theory and Adaptive Elasticity,” Journal of Elasticity, Vol. 6, pp. 471–479 and Hegedus, D. H., and Cowin, S. C., 1976, “Bone Remodeling II: Small Strain Adaptive Elasticity,” Journal of Elasticity, Vol. 6, pp. 337–352.

Structural Topology Optimization Method Based on Bone Remodeling

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 1813-1818
Author(s):  
Kaysar Rahman ◽  
Nurmamat Helil ◽  
Rahmatjan Imin ◽  
Mamtimin Geni
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Mechanical Stimulus ◽  
Bone Adaptation ◽  
Reaction Diffusion Equations ◽  
Structural Topology Optimization ◽  
Structural Topology

Bone is a dynamic living tissue that undergoes continuous adaptation of its mass and structure in response to mechanical and biological environment demands. In this paper, we firstly propose a mathematical model based on cross-type reaction diffusion equations of bone adaptation during a remodeling cycle due to mechanical stimulus. The model captures qualitatively very well the bone adaptation and cell interactions during the bone remodeling. Secondly assuming the bone structure to be a self-optimizing biological material which maximizes its own structural stiffness, bone remodeling model coupled with finite element method by using the add and remove element a new topology optimization of continuum structure is presented. Two Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed approach greatly improves numerical efficiency, compared with the others well known methods for structural topology optimization in open literatures.

A New Heuristic Topology Optimization Method Based on Bone Remodeling Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 889-890 ◽  
pp. 622-627
Author(s):  
Kaysar Rahman ◽  
Kahar Samsak ◽  
Azhar Halik ◽  
Nurmamat Helil
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Bone Adaptation ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Optimum Structure ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Mechanical Theorem ◽  
Topology Optimization Method

The law of bone remodeling asserts that the internal trabecular bone adapts to external loadings, reorienting with the principal stress trajectories to maximize mechanical efficiency creating a naturally optimum structure. In this paper a new heuristic topology optimization method based on ordinary differential equations describing bone remodeling process is presented. The basis for numerical algorithm formulation was the phenomenon of bone adaptation to mechanical stimulation. The resulting optimization system allows fulling mechanical theorem for the stiffest design by use of presented heuristic topology optimization approach. Two widely used numerical examples are shown to confirm the validity and utility of the proposed topology optimization method.

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