High Fidelity Computational Model of Bone Remodeling Cellular Mechanisms

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Penninger ◽  
Andrés Tovar ◽  
Glen L. Niebur ◽  
John E. Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Bone Adaptation ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Cellular Activity ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Mechanical Loads ◽  
Metabolic Activities

One of the most intriguing aspects of bone is its ability to grow, repair damage, adapt to mechanical loads, and maintain mineral homeostasis [1]. It is generally accepted that bone adaptation occurs in response to the mechanical demands of our daily activities; moreover, strain and microdamage have been implicated as potential stimuli that regulate bone remodeling [2]. Computational models have been used to simulate remodeling in an attempt to better understand the metabolic activities which possess the key information of how this process is carried out [3]. At present, the connection between the cellular activity of remodeling and the applied mechanical stimuli is not fully understood. Only a few mathematical models have been formulated to characterize the remolding process in terms of the cellular mechanisms that occur [4,5].

scholarly journals Computational Analysis of Bone Remodeling in the Proximal Tibia Under Electrical Stimulation Considering the Piezoelectric Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh Deepak Bansod ◽  
Maeruan Kebbach ◽  
Daniel Kluess ◽  
Rainer Bader ◽  
Ursula van Rienen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Proximal Tibia ◽  
Bone Adaptation ◽  
Reference Stimulus ◽  
Mechanical Loads ◽  
Final Density ◽  
Daily Physical Activities

The piezoelectricity of bone is known to play a crucial role in bone adaptation and remodeling. The application of an external stimulus such as mechanical strain or electric field has the potential to enhance bone formation and implant osseointegration. Therefore, in the present study, the objective is to investigate bone remodeling under electromechanical stimulation as a step towards establishing therapeutic strategies. For the first time, piezoelectric bone remodeling in the human proximal tibia under electro-mechanical loads was analyzed using the finite element method in an open-source framework. The predicted bone density distributions were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed by comparing with the computed tomography (CT) scan and the bone mineral density (BMD) calculated from the CT, respectively. The effect of model parameters such as uniform initial bone density and reference stimulus on the final density distribution was investigated. Results of the parametric study showed that for different values of initial bone density the model predicted similar but not identical final density distribution. It was also shown that higher reference stimulus value yielded lower average bone density at the final time. The present study demonstrates an increase in bone density as a result of electrical stimulation. Thus, to minimize bone loss, for example, due to physical impairment or osteoporosis, mechanical loads during daily physical activities could be partially replaced by therapeutic electrical stimulation.

Bone Remodeling Under Vibration: A Computational Model of Bone Remodeling Incorporating the Modal Behavior of Bone

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ostadi Moghaddam ◽  
M. J. Mahjoob ◽  
A. Nazarian
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Resonance Region ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Bone Adaptation ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Loading Frequency ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
Modal Behavior ◽  
Modal Vibration

Developing precise computational models of bone remodeling can lead to more successful types of orthopedic treatments and deeper understanding of the phenomenon. Empirical evidence has shown that bone adaptation to mechanical loading is frequency dependent, and the modal behavior of bone under vibration can play a significant role in remodeling process, particularly in the resonance region. The objective of this study is to develop a bone remodeling algorithm that takes into account the effects of bone vibrational behavior. An extended/modified model is presented based on conventional finite element (FE) remodeling models. Frequency domain analysis is used to introduce appropriate correction coefficients to incorporate the effect of bone's frequency response (FR) into the model. The method is implemented on a bovine bone with known modal/vibration characteristics. The rate and locations of new bone formation depend on the loading frequency and are consistently correlated with the bone modal behavior. Results show that the proposed method can successfully integrate the bone vibration conditions and characteristics with the remodeling process. The results obtained support experimental observations in the literature.

Mechanical stimuli-mediated modulation of bone cell function—implications for bone remodeling and angiogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqing Liang ◽  
Xudong Wu ◽  
Yongqiang Dong ◽  
Xuerong Chen ◽  
Ping Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli

A Mechanistic Motor-Clutch Model That Explains Cell Shape Dynamics to Cyclic Stretch

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin W. Scandling ◽  
Jia Gou ◽  
Jessica Thomas ◽  
Jacqueline Xuan ◽  
Chuan Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cyclic Stretch ◽  
Substrate Stiffness ◽  
Cell Alignment ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Actin Bundles ◽  
The Impact

Many cells in the body experience cyclic mechanical loading, which can impact cellular processes and morphology. In vitro studies often report that cells reorient in response to cyclic stretch of their substrate. To explore cellular mechanisms involved in this reorientation, a computational model was developed by utilizing the previous computational models of the actin-myosin-integrin motor-clutch system developed by others. The computational model predicts that under most conditions, actin bundles align perpendicular to the direction of applied cyclic stretch, but under specific conditions, such as low substrate stiffness, actin bundles align parallel to the direction of stretch. The model also predicts that stretch frequency impacts the rate of reorientation, and that proper myosin function is critical in the reorientation response. These computational predictions are consistent with reports from the literature and new experimental results presented here. The model suggests that the impact of different stretching conditions (stretch type, amplitude, frequency, substrate stiffness, etc.) on the direction of cell alignment can largely be understood by considering their impact on cell-substrate detachment events, specifically whether detachment occurs during stretching or relaxing of the substrate.

Hierarchical Multiscale Modeling of Tire–Soil Interaction for Off-Road Mobility Simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Yamashita ◽  
Guanchu Chen ◽  
Yeefeng Ruan ◽  
Paramsothy Jayakumar ◽  
Hiroyuki Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Wheel Load ◽  
Mobility Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Computationally Intensive ◽  
Soil Bin

A high-fidelity computational terrain dynamics model plays a crucial role in accurate vehicle mobility performance prediction under various maneuvering scenarios on deformable terrain. Although many computational models have been proposed using either finite element (FE) or discrete element (DE) approaches, phenomenological constitutive assumptions in FE soil models make the modeling of complex granular terrain behavior very difficult and DE soil models are computationally intensive, especially when considering a wide range of terrain. To address the limitations of existing deformable terrain models, this paper presents a hierarchical FE–DE multiscale tire–soil interaction simulation capability that can be integrated in the monolithic multibody dynamics solver for high-fidelity off-road mobility simulation using high-performance computing (HPC) techniques. It is demonstrated that computational cost is substantially lowered by the multiscale soil model as compared to the corresponding pure DE model while maintaining the solution accuracy. The multiscale tire–soil interaction model is validated against the soil bin mobility test data under various wheel load and tire inflation pressure conditions, thereby demonstrating the potential of the proposed method for resolving challenging vehicle-terrain interaction problems.

Modeling and Reconstruction of Multi-Fidelity Traumatic Head Injury due to Blunt Impact

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Gary Tan ◽  
Amit Bagchi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Head Model ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Blunt Impact ◽  
Real Scenario ◽  
The Brain

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common injuries to service members in recent conflicts. Computational models can offer insights in understanding the underlying mechanism of brain injury, which lead to the crucial development of effective personal protective equipment designed to prevent or mitigate the TBI. Historically many computational models were developed for the brain injury study. However, these models use relatively coarse mesh with a less detailed head anatomy. Many models consider the head only and thus cannot properly model the real scenario, i.e., accidental fall, blunt impact or blast loading. A whole-body finite element model can represent the real scenario but is very expensive to use. By combining the high-fidelity human head model with an articulated human body model, we developed the computational multi-fidelity human models to investigate the blunt- and blast-related TBI efficiently. A high-fidelity computational head model was generated from the high resolution image data to accurately reproduce the complex musculoskeletal and tissue structure of the head. The fast-running articulated human body model is based on the multi-body dynamics and was used to reconstruct the accidental falls. By utilizing the kinematics and force and moment at the joint of the articulated human body model, we can realistically simulate the blunt impact and assess the brain injury using the high-fidelity head model.

Investigation of Osteoclast Resorption Mechanisms in a Hybrid Cellular Automaton Model of Bone Remodeling

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Penninger ◽  
Ryan K. Roeder ◽  
Glen L. Niebur ◽  
John E. Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Living Tissue ◽  
Basic Multicellular Unit ◽  
Mechanical Loads ◽  
Continuous Formation ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Biological Environment ◽  
Osteoclast Resorption

Bone is a living tissue which is continually adapting to its biological environment via continuous formation and resorption. It is generally accepted that bone remodeling occurs in response to daily mechanical loading. The remodeling process enables various functions, such as damage repair, adaptation to mechanical loads, and mineral homeostasis [1]. The cells that are responsible for the bone remodeling process are the bone resorbing osteoclasts and the bone forming osteoblasts. These cells closely coordinate their actions in a basic multicellular unit to renew “packets” of bone.

scholarly journals Short-Term Bone Formation is Greatest Within High Strain Regions of the Human Distal Radius: A Prospective Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun A. Bhatia ◽  
W. Brent Edwards ◽  
Joshua E. Johnson ◽  
Karen L. Troy
Keyword(s):  
Distal Radius ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Equivalent Strain ◽  
Bone Adaptation ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Energy Equivalent ◽  
Strain Adaptation

Bone adaptation is understood to be driven by mechanical strains acting on the bone as a result of some mechanical stimuli. Although the strain/adaptation relation has been extensively researched using in vivo animal loading models, it has not been studied in humans, likely due to difficulties in quantifying bone strains and adaptation in living humans. Our purpose was to examine the relationship between bone strain and changes in bone mineral parameters at the local level. Serial computed tomography (CT) scans were used to calculate 14 week changes in bone mineral parameters at the distal radius for 23 women participating in a cyclic in vivo loading protocol (leaning onto the palm of the hand), and 12 women acting as controls. Strains were calculated at the distal radius during the task using validated finite element (FE) modeling techniques. Twelve subregions of interest were selected and analyzed to test the strain/adaptation relation at the local level. A positive relationship between mean energy equivalent strain and percent change in bone mineral density (BMD) (slope = 0.96%/1000 με, p < 0.05) was observed within experimental, but not control subjects. When subregion strains were grouped by quartile, significant slopes for quartile versus bone mineral content (BMC) (0.24%/quartile) and BMD (0.28%/quartile) were observed. Increases in BMC and BMD were greatest in the highest-strain quartile (energy equivalent strain > 539 με). The data demonstrate preliminary prospective evidence of a local strain/adaptation relationship within human bone. These methods are a first step toward facilitating the development of personalized exercise prescriptions for maintaining and improving bone health.

scholarly journals Predicting cortical bone adaptation to axial loading in the mouse tibia

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (110) ◽  
pp. 20150590 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Pereira ◽  
B. Javaheri ◽  
A. A. Pitsillides ◽  
S. J. Shefelbine
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Mechanical Stimulus ◽  
Bone Adaptation ◽  
Mouse Tibia ◽  
Efficient Loading

The development of predictive mathematical models can contribute to a deeper understanding of the specific stages of bone mechanobiology and the process by which bone adapts to mechanical forces. The objective of this work was to predict, with spatial accuracy, cortical bone adaptation to mechanical load, in order to better understand the mechanical cues that might be driving adaptation. The axial tibial loading model was used to trigger cortical bone adaptation in C57BL/6 mice and provide relevant biological and biomechanical information. A method for mapping cortical thickness in the mouse tibia diaphysis was developed, allowing for a thorough spatial description of where bone adaptation occurs. Poroelastic finite-element (FE) models were used to determine the structural response of the tibia upon axial loading and interstitial fluid velocity as the mechanical stimulus. FE models were coupled with mechanobiological governing equations, which accounted for non-static loads and assumed that bone responds instantly to local mechanical cues in an on–off manner. The presented formulation was able to simulate the areas of adaptation and accurately reproduce the distributions of cortical thickening observed in the experimental data with a statistically significant positive correlation (Kendall's τ rank coefficient τ = 0.51, p < 0.001). This work demonstrates that computational models can spatially predict cortical bone mechanoadaptation to a time variant stimulus. Such models could be used in the design of more efficient loading protocols and drug therapies that target the relevant physiological mechanisms.

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