scholarly journals Where has the rum gone? The impact of maritime piracy on trade and transport

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Sandkamp ◽  
Vincent Stamer ◽  
Shuyao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Maritime Piracy ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
Maritime Shipping ◽  
Position Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDespite a general agreement that piracy poses a significant threat to maritime shipping, empirical evidence regarding its economic consequences remains scarce. This paper combines firm-level Chinese customs data and ship position data with information on pirate attacks to investigate how exporting firms and cargo ships respond to maritime piracy. It finds that overall exports along affected shipping routes fall following an increase in pirate activity. In addition, piracy induces firms to switch from ocean to air shipping, while remaining ocean shipments become larger. At the ship-level, the paper provides evidence for re-routing, as container ships avoid regions prone to pirate attacks.

Outward FDI and productivity promotion of exporting firms: firm-level evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Zhang ◽  
Haoze Li ◽  
Chunlai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Learning Effect ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Outward Fdi ◽  
Export Intensity ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
Chinese Firm ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) conducted by exporting firms on their productivity.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses two Chinese firm-level datasets. To reduce the bias when merging the two datasets, this study uses a comprehensive link approach to obtain more observations. The propensity score matching method is employed together with the difference-in-difference and difference-in-difference-in-difference approaches to identify the casual effects.FindingsThe study finds that exporting firms become more productive through learning effect via OFDI, and the positive impact of OFDI on total factor productivity materializes very quickly but subject to diminishing return. The study also finds that state-owned enterprises gain less learning effect via OFDI than private-owned enterprises, and firms with higher export intensity or larger size tend to gain less improvement in productivity via OFDI.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies to investigate empirically the impact of OFDI conducted by exporting firms on their productivity. In particular, the study analyzes three types of firm heterogeneous factors, namely, ownership, export intensity and size, in affecting exporting firms' learning effect via OFDI.

scholarly journals Global Value Chains and Productivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (117) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Banh ◽  
Philippe Wingender ◽  
Cheikh Gueye
Keyword(s):  
Small Firms ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Aggregate Productivity ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented collapse in global economic activity and trade. The crisis has also highlighted the role played by global value chains (GVC), with countries facing shortages of components vital to everything from health systems to everyday household goods. Despite the vulnerabilities associated with increased interconnectedness, GVCs have also contributed to increasing productivity and long-term growth. We explore empirically the impact of GVC participation on productivity in Estonia using firm-level data from 2000 to 2016. We find that higher GVC participation at the industry level significantly boosts productivity at both the industry and the firm level. Frontier firms, large firms, and exporting firms also benefit more from GVC participation than non-frontier firms, small firms, and non-exporting firms. We also find that GVC participation of downstream industries has a negative correlation with productivity. Frontier firms and large firms benefit more from GVC participation of upstream industries, while non-frontier firms and small firms benefit more from GVC participation of downstream industries. Our results suggest that policies designed to promote participation in GVCs are important to raise aggregate productivity and potential growth in Estonia.

scholarly journals International Standards For Exporting Firms: Evidence From China

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Sun ◽  
Wenjing Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Iso 9000 ◽  
Export Growth ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Assortative Matching ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Firm Exports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Firms

The existing literature provides mixed evidence of the impact of ISO 9000 international standards on country level export growth. Since it is costly to adopt the international standards, it is important to understand how these standards increase exports at the firm level. This paper examines the effect of ISO 9000 standards on firm-level export growth in China, which of all countries has the highest number of firms adopting ISO 9000 standards. With the assortative matching methodology, we first examine the factors related to the choice of applying for the certification. After controlling for this endogeneity issue, our results show that obtaining ISO 9000 standards significantly increases firm exports. Furthermore, we find low-tech firms and non-state-owned enterprises are more likely to benefit from adopting the standards. Overall, our study provides important guidelines for firms applying for the international quality standards.

scholarly journals Does International Competition Enhance Capacity Utilisation? Evidence from Indonesia, Philippine and Vietnam

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 117-130
Author(s):  
Rita R Pidani ◽  
Amir Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Market Competition ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Capacity Utilisation ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Manufacturing Firm ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
Learning By Exporting ◽  
The Impact

This paper uses firm-level data of small and medium manufacturing firm in Indonesia, Philippine and Vietnam and studies the relationship between capacity utilisation and foreign market competition for the possibility of efficient firms self-selecting themselves instead of learning-by-exporting to enter the foreign markets. Estimating both linear and quadratic model on an unbalanced variance of exporting and non-exporting firms shows that the impact of foreign market competition on capacity utilisation is following a curvilinear relationship with a diminishing marginal point of as a constraint for further expansion. Capacity utilisation rate higher in non-exporting group is not only emphasizing a strong domestic market orientation of firms at large but also indicating the selection of learning-by-exporting entry mode by exporter SMEs in these countries. The paper further explores the impact of firm and industry physiognomies on a firm’s capacity utilisation and finds that the effects of wage productivity, competition, firm size, and legal structure are linearly positive and capacity dependent. The results throughout maintain the importance of capacities, competitiveness, and institutional performance as priorities to promote SMEs growth.

scholarly journals Implications of the US–China Tit-for-Tat Tariff Escalation: A Literature Review of Standard Trade Theory and Empirical Evidence on Economic Consequences and Effects on Both Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tsitsi E. Mutambara ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Export Prices ◽  
Tit For Tat ◽  
The Impact

This study reviewed standard international trade theories as they pertain to the impact of trade restrictions. Current empirical studies were reviewed to see whether evidence supports trade theory predictions. Conventional price impacts in standard models of international trade show that trade restrictions are detrimental for trade for both countries involved, and the empirical evidence from current studies confirmed this. The current tit-for-tat tariff escalation between China and the United States has led to, among other things, increased domestic prices to both American consumers and producers; lower export prices to some of the Chinese exporters and American firms based in China; reduced import and export trade between the two countries that would lead to costly adjustments in supply chains; loss in net welfare and employment; and loss in competitive advantage to firms in both countries that produce for export. Therefore, efforts should be made to de-escalate these trade tensions.

scholarly journals The impact of reinsurance for insurance companies

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Bressan
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Capital Ratios ◽  
Title Insurance ◽  
The Impact

The study provides empirical evidence for the effect of reinsurance on solvency, profitability, and taxes of primary insurers. Our main finding is that primary insurers increasing in the use of reinsurance exhibit lower capital ratios. This impact involves the segments of health insurance, composite insurance, title insurance, and non-life insurance. Our interpretation is that reinsurance and capital can be seen as substitutes for improving solvency. This implies that, by sharing their risk with reinsurers, primary insurers can benefit from a relief on capital. Additional outcomes display an important relationship between demand and supply of reinsurance at the firm level, as we observe that, growing in the used reinsurance; primary insurers are more prone to providing reinsurance to other firms.

The Role of Threat and Economic Uncertainty in Support for Scottish Independence

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kopasker
Keyword(s):  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Economic Expectations ◽  
Scottish Independence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Levels Of Support

Existing research has consistently shown that perceptions of the potential economic consequences of Scottish independence are vital to levels of support for constitutional change. This paper attempts to investigate the mechanism by which expectations of the economic consequences of independence are formed. A hypothesised causal micro-level mechanism is tested that relates constitutional preferences to the existing skill investments of the individual. Evidence is presented that larger skill investments are associated with a greater likelihood of perceiving economic threats from independence. Additionally, greater perceived threat results in lower support for independence. The impact of uncertainty on both positive and negative economic expectations is also examined. While uncertainty has little effect on negative expectations, it significantly reduces the likelihood of those with positive expectations supporting independence. Overall, it appears that a general economy-wide threat is most significant, and it is conjectured that this stems a lack of information on macroeconomic governance credentials.

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