Bed planted rice–wheat rotation at differential soil moisture regimes on soil hydro-physical properties, root growth, nitrogen uptake, and system productivity

In a stretch of arable lands like those of the Ganges Valley, although damage may be caused by occasional floods, which are sudden and of short duration, the more general, and by far the most serious loss is due to deficiency of moisture of the soil: thus the relation of the soil to soil moisture becomes of more than ordinary importance. Dr Voelcker, in his Report on Indian Agriculture, remarks: “In India the relation of soils to moisture acquires a greater significance than almost anywhere else.......” This relation is fundamental, for on it depends the methods for the conservation of soil moisture, for the economical application of irrigation water, and for the treatment of barren and salt lands—all problems of direct interest to agriculturists in the plains of Northern India. The methods for dealing with these problems must be largely—if not entirely—empirical until such time as the behaviour of the soil in its relation to moisture is investigated. The problem in all its various branches is enormous, and in a country in which the seasons follow each other with such rapidity, and vary the one from the other in so marked a manner, it frequently happens that a particular point, if not determined within a period of a few days, must await solution until the following year.

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Effects of simplified cultivation on the growth and yield of spring barley on a sandy loam soil. 2. Soil physical properties and root growth; root: shoot relationships, inflow rates of nitrogen; water use

Soil and Tillage Research ◽

10.1016/0167-1987(92)90030-f ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 22 (1-2) ◽

pp. 173-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

M.A. Braim ◽

K. Chaney ◽

D.R. Hodgson

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Water Use ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Loam Soil

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Nitrogen Uptake and Allocation in Sweet Viburnum During a Root Growth Flush

Journal of Plant Nutrition ◽

10.1080/01904160601172130 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 487-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gisele Schoene ◽

Thomas Yeager

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Sweet Viburnum

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A computational history and outlook of nitrogen use efficiency and precipitation-optimal fertilisation timings in agriculture

10.5194/ismc2021-11 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel McKay Flecher ◽

Siul Ruiz ◽

Tiago Dias ◽

Katherine Williams ◽

Chiara Petroselli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽

Nitrogen Efficiency ◽

Nitrogen Use ◽

Plant Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽

Plant Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Rainfall Patterns

Half of the nitrogen applied to arable-fields is lost through several processes linked to soil moisture. Low soil moisture limits nitrogen mobility reducing nitrogen-uptake while wetter conditions can increase nitrogen leaching. Rainfall ultimately governs soil moisture and the fate of nitrogen in soil. However, the interaction between rainfall and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) remains poorly understood. We developed a field-scale modelling platform that describes coupled water and nitrogen transport, root growth and uptake, rainfall, the nitrogen-cycle and leaching to assess the NUE of split fertilisations with realistic rainfall patterns. The model was solved for every possible split fertilisation timing in 200+ growing seasons to determine optimal timings. Two previous field trials regarding rainfall and NUE had contrasting results: wetter years have enhanced fertiliser loss and drier years reduced plant nitrogen uptake. By choosing appropriate fertilisation timings in the model we could recreate the two contrasting trends and maintain variability in the data. However, we found by choosing other fertilisation timings we could mitigate the leaching in wetter years. Optimised timings could increase plant nitrogen uptake by up to 35% compared to the mean in dry years. Plant uptake was greatest under drier conditions due to mitigated leaching, but less likely to occur due to low nitrogen mobility. Optimal fertilisation timings varied dramatically depending on the rainfall patterns. Historic and projected rainfall patterns from 1950-2069 were used in the model. We found optimal NUE has a decrease from 2022-2040 due to increased heavy rainfall events and optimal fertilisation timings are later in the season but varied largely on a season-to-season basis. The results are a step towards achieving improved nitrogen efficiency in agriculture by using the &#8216;at the right time&#8217; agronomic-strategy in the &#8216;4Rs&#8217; of improved nitrogen fertilisation. Our results can help determine nitrogen fertilisation timings in changing climates.

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Effect of Soil Moisture Regimes on Seed Iron and Zinc Concentration of Biofortified Bean Genotypes against Malnutrition in Sud-Kivu Highlands

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n12p241 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 241 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Casinga Mubasi Clérisse ◽

Neema Ciza Angélique ◽

Kajibwami Cikuru Marie-Angélique ◽

Nabahungu Nshwarasi Leon ◽

Mambani Banda Pierre

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Zinc Concentration ◽

Zinc Content ◽

Chemical Fertilizers ◽

Reduction Of Iron ◽

Moisture Regimes ◽

Secondary Factor ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Main Factor

This study investigated the influence of three soil moisture irrigation regimes on concentration of seed iron and zinc content of four biofortified bean varieties promoted for eradication of malnutrition in Sud-Kivu highlands. A field experiment was conducted in the Hogola marsh highlands during two cultural seasons B2013 and B2014. The experiment design was a RCBD with a split plot arrangement where the main plots were 110 m2 and split plots 20 m2. A strategic application of homogenisation of the experimental site’s soil fertility by chemical fertilizers of the type: CaCO3, KCl and DAP was conducted out. Four biofortified varieties (CODMLB001, RWR2245, HM21-7 and RWK10) constituted main factor, while water regimes respectively [bottom of the slope: R1 = 48% soil moisture, at the middle of the slope R2 = 37% soil moisture and at the top of the slope: R3 = 29% soil moisture according to the gradient of humidity] represented secondary factor and seasonality, tertiary factor. The study showed that the concentrations of iron and zinc were highly correlated with soil moisture regimes. The variety HM21-7 demonstrated better adaptability because it showed a low rate of reduction of iron and zinc concentration under the three soil moisture regimes and was therefore best suited to fight malnutrition in the Sud-Kivu province.

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Characterizing Soil Physical Properties for Soil Moisture Monitoring with the North Carolina Environment and Climate Observing Network

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology ◽

10.1175/jtech-d-11-00104.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 933-943 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Weinan Pan ◽

R. P. Boyles ◽

J. G. White ◽

J. L. Heitman

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Water Content ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

The North ◽

Wide Range ◽

Soil Moisture Monitoring

Abstract Soil moisture has important implications for meteorology, climatology, hydrology, and agriculture. This has led to growing interest in development of in situ soil moisture monitoring networks. Measurement interpretation is severely limited without soil property data. In North Carolina, soil moisture has been monitored since 1999 as a routine parameter in the statewide Environment and Climate Observing Network (ECONet), but with little soils information available for ECONet sites. The objective of this paper is to provide soils data for ECONet development. The authors studied soil physical properties at 27 ECONet sites and generated a database with 13 soil physical parameters, including sand, silt, and clay contents; bulk density; total porosity; saturated hydraulic conductivity; air-dried water content; and water retention at six pressures. Soil properties were highly variable among individual ECONet sites [coefficients of variation (CVs) ranging from 12% to 80%]. This wide range of properties suggests very different behavior among sites with respect to soil moisture. A principal component analysis indicated parameter groupings associated primarily with soil texture, bulk density, and air-dried water content accounted for 80% of the total variance in the dataset. These results suggested that a few specific soil properties could be measured to provide an understanding of differences in sites with respect to major soil properties. The authors also illustrate how the measured soil properties have been used to develop new soil moisture products and data screening for the North Carolina ECONet. The methods, analysis, and results presented here have applications to North Carolina and for other regions with heterogeneous soils where soil moisture monitoring is valuable.

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