Stopover departure decisions in autumn are not associated with constitutive immune function in Northern Wheatears Oenanthe oenanthe

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 813-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cas Eikenaar ◽  
Florian Packmor ◽  
Heiko Schmaljohann ◽  
Arne Hegemann
2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 20130712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cas Eikenaar ◽  
Jan Laszlo Schläfke

Early arrival at the breeding site positively affects the breeding success of migratory birds. During migration, birds spend most of their time at stopovers. Therefore, determining which factors shape stopover duration is essential to our understanding of avian migration. Because the main purpose of stopover is to accumulate fat as fuel for the next flight bout, fuel reserves at arrival and the accumulation of fuel are both expected to affect stopover departure decisions. Here, we determined whether fuel reserves and fuel accumulation predict a bird's motivation to depart, as quantified by nocturnal migratory restlessness (Zugunruhe), using northern wheatears ( Oenanthe oenanthe ) that were captured and temporarily contained at spring stopover. We found that fuel reserves at capture were positively correlated with Zugunruhe, and negatively correlated with fuel accumulation. This indicates that fat birds were motivated to depart, whereas lean birds were set on staying and accumulating fuel. Moreover, the change in fuel reserves was positively correlated with the concurrent change in Zugunruhe, providing the first empirical evidence for a direct link between fuel accumulation and Zugunruhe during stopover. Our study indicates that, together with innate rhythms and weather, the size and accumulation of fuel reserves shape stopover duration, and hence overall migration time.


1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Robles ◽  
Jessica Malmstadt ◽  
Jon Kabat-Zinn ◽  
Daniel Muller ◽  
Richard Davidson

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Aldridge-Gerry ◽  
Oxana G. Palesh ◽  
Firdaus S. Dhabhar ◽  
Jamie M. Zeitzer ◽  
Booil Jo ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina A. Udalova ◽  
Michaela Ruhmann ◽  
Scott J.P. Thomson ◽  
Kim S. Midwood
Keyword(s):  

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 753-757
Author(s):  
Anagha Gulhane ◽  
Shamli Hiware

It is the most unreliable truth that anybody can get infected by the COVID-19, and nobody can escape from the danger of getting tainted by the virus. Yet, the line of hope is that anyone and everyone can boost their resistance, thus avoid the risk of getting affected by the illness. The immunity of humans pulls down as they grow older. If their immune system is robust, them falling sick is feeble. If their resistance is weak, them getting ill is sound. Several factors affect the immune system and its ability, including its nourishment. A two-way connection between nutrition, infection and immunity presents. Changes in one part will affect the others part in our body that's the nature's rule. Well defined immune system quality which is present between each life phase may influence the type, generality and the degree of infections. At the same time, low nutrition to the body will decrease the immune function and expose the body to the danger of getting infected by infectious diseases. Different quantity of micronutrients is required for increasing the immunity power of our body. Generally the vitamins A,C,D,E,B2,B6,B12, iron, zinc and selenium.The deficiencies of micronutrients are acknowledged as a global health issue, and also low nutrition makes it prone to establishes the infections in the body.


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