In this paper, high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was established and successfully applied for the separation and purification of trans-resveratrol from Rhizma Polygoni Cuspidati. After extracted by microwave assisted extraction (MAE), the dry extract was directly dissolved in HSCCC solvent and introduced to HSCCC separation system. Two-phase solvent system of HSCCC was optimized. Trans-resveratrol was separated from extract of Rhizma Polygoni Cuspidati by high-speed counter-current chromatography in two-step using two different solvent systems composed of chloroform-methanol-water (4:3:2, v/v/v) and n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (3:5:4:6, v/v/v/v). From 200 mg of crude extract, 2.5 mg of trans-resveratrol was obtained at over 99% purity by HPLC analyses, and its chemical structure was identified by ESI-MS, 1H NMR.