Crop protection and mortality of Agriotes obscurus wireworms with blended insecticidal wheat seed treatments

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Vernon ◽  
Willem G. van Herk ◽  
Markus Clodius ◽  
Chantelle Harding
Keyword(s):  
Crop Protection ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Agriotes Obscurus

scholarly journals Broflanilide, a Meta-Diamide Insecticide Seed Treatment for Protection of Wheat and Mortality of Wireworms (Agriotes obscurus) in the Field

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem G van Herk ◽  
Robert S Vernon ◽  
Lindsey Goudis ◽  
Terisha Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Crop Protection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Agriotes Obscurus ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
Insecticidal Action ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Diamide Insecticide

Abstract Following the deregistration of lindane, several neonicotinoid insecticides have been registered as seed treatments for controlling wireworms in cereal crops. Unlike lindane, which did both, neonicotinoids provide crop protection but do not reduce wireworm populations. Hence populations of various economic species are growing in key wheat production areas of the United States and Canada, and there is a need for novel seed treatments that match the efficacy of lindane. Herein we evaluated broflanilide, a novel GABA-gated Cl- channel allosteric modulator that differs from the cyclodienes (e.g., lindane) in that it binds to a unique site in the GABA receptor. As such, broflanilide confers a new mode of insecticidal action (Group 30 MOA), and is the first meta-diamide insecticide developed. When evaluated in field trials over 7 yr at various rates, broflanilide at 5.0 g [AI]/100 kg wheat seed was as effective at protecting wheat stand from wireworm (Agriotes obscurus) injury as the current industry standard thiamethoxam at 20–30 g [AI]/100 kg seed. In addition, broflanilide at 5.0 g reduced neonate wireworms (produced from eggs laid in established wheat during the growing season) and resident wireworms (in the field at time of planting) by 73.1 and 81.1%, respectively, which is comparable to that reported for the previous industry standard lindane (75.3 and 57.6%, respectively). These studies show that broflanilide at 5.0 g [AI] will provide consistent wheat stand protection (equal to thiamethoxam at 20–30 g [AI]), and A. obscurus wireworm population reduction (equal to lindane at 59 g [AI]), and will do so at far lower dosages per hectare.

Effectiveness of fungicide seed treatments for preventing seed-to-seedling transmission of Fusarium graminearum under controlled-environment conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Fernandez ◽  
T K Turkington ◽  
W E May
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Infected Seed

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is well established in the eastern prairies, but for the most part it has been absent from western regions, especially under dryland conditions. This has been largely attributed to dry and hot conditions during some years, and the limited occurrence of F. graminearum in the western prairies. It is of importance to prevent the movement of F. graminearum, the most important FHB pathogen in North America, to areas where this pathogen is not commonly found. Three controlled-environment studies, using different Fusarium-infected common and durum wheat seed lots, were conducted to determine the effectiveness of currently registered fungicide seed treatments in improving seedling emergence and plant development, and preventing the growth of F. graminearum from infected seed to plant tissue. Fungicide treatments improved seedling emergence from the most infected seed over the untreated infected control, but most treatments did not improve emergence in the other experiments. Plant growth in the fungicide treatments was either similar to or slower than in the untreated controls. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from discoloured tissue in all treatments and was generally more common in crowns than in subcrown internodes. No fungicide treatment reduced discolouration of plant tissue or percentage isolation of F. graminearum or other Fusarium spp. consistently. We conclude that while currently registered seed treatments might be effective in improving seedling emergence in some infected wheat seed lots, they do not prevent the growth of F. graminearum from seeds to plant tissue. For the western prairies, the use of fungicide seed treatments as a strategy in the prevention of spread of FHB would require that they be effective primarily against F. graminearum. Performance of fungicide seed treatments against Fusarium-infected wheat seed should also be determined under typical growing conditions across the western prairies.Key words: Seed treatments, fungicides, wheat, root rot, crown rot, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium avenaceum

Wireworm Management I: Stand Protection Versus Wireworm Mortality With Wheat Seed Treatments

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 2126-2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Vernon ◽  
Willem G. Van herk ◽  
Markus Clodius ◽  
Chantelle Harding
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Seed Treatments

scholarly journals Can ‘On-Farm’ Seed Priming and Chitosan Seed Treatments Induce Host Defences in Winter Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under Field Conditions?

Crops ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-87
Author(s):  
Javier Carrillo-Reche ◽  
Adrian C. Newton ◽  
Francesc Ferrando-Molina ◽  
Richard S. Quilliam
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Disease Tolerance ◽  
On Farm

Enhancing host defences through induced resistance, disease tolerance, and/or escape, in combination with current disease management regimes may be a valuable strategy to reduce pesticide use. Since both ‘on-farm’ seed priming (OSP) and chitosan priming (CHP) have been reported to confer varying levels of host defence, this study sought to investigate their potential to deliver disease control as a strategy for sustainable management of foliar pathogens in winter barley. Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of OSP and CHP at two different field sites using three different cultivars under fungicide/non-fungicide regimes. Overall, no evidence was found to suggest that CHP or OSP can induce effective resistance in temperate field conditions. However, these field trials enabled the identification of candidate traits to deliver disease tolerance (and escape) for the primary and secondary spread of powdery mildew, i.e., large canopies and rapid stem elongation respectively. Thus, these seed treatments may deliver disease tolerance and escape traits, but these benefits are dependent upon successful establishment and vigour first. The integration of seed treatments into sustainable crop protection may be better undertaken with spring crops or in semi-arid agriculture where the added vigour at emergence can help compensate for negative environmental interactions.

Achievements and limitations of seed treatments

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
I W Callan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Pests And Diseases

In spite of impressive new developments in the field of crop protection over the last three decades, seed treatment probably remains the cheapest and simplest method of controlling certain pests and diseases of major crop plants. The overall benefits which result are measured in millions of tons of extra grain harvested each year, in addition to large gains in other feed crops as well as cotton.

Effect of fungicide seed treatments on root pathogens of cereal crops under field conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 905-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Fernandez ◽  
W.E. May ◽  
G.P. Lafond
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Infected Seed ◽  
Growing Conditions

It is of importance to reduce the spread of Fusarium graminearum to western regions of the Canadian prairies where Fusarium head blight has so far occurred to a limited extent. Determining the effectiveness of fungicides against F. graminearum in infected seed under various growing conditions will help design a comprehensive strategy for preventing the spread of this pathogen. Field trials at various locations in eastern Saskatchewan were conducted (2003-2005) to examine the performance of registered and experimental fungicides on Fusarium colonization of subcrown internodes (SIs) of plants derived from Fusarium-infected barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), common (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum [T. turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] wheat seed, and on SI discoloration. Among the fungi isolated from discolored SIs were Fusarium spp., including F. graminearum, and Cochliobolus sativus. Fusarium graminearum infections were mostly seed-borne whereas infection by other fungi appeared to be mostly soil-borne. Compared with the untreated infected control, the combined seed treatments reduced discoloration of SIs, but no single fungicide reduced discoloration consistently across site-years or crops. Similarly, no product consistently reduced the isolation of F. graminearum or other Fusarium pathogens, although some fungicides appeared to be more effective than others in reducing isolation of F. graminearum or C. sativus. Our observations agree with results from a controlled-environment study of effects of seed treatments on F. graminearum colonization of plants derived from infected common and durum wheat seed, thus confirming that treatment of F. graminearum-infected seed with fungicides will not likely prevent the spread of this pathogen.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SOME SEED TREATMENTS BEFORE STORAGE ON WHEAT SEED QUALITY.

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-554
Author(s):  
M. Badawi ◽  
A. Salama ◽  
I. Mersal ◽  
N. Attia
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Seed Treatments

Triallate Antidotes for Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. McMullan ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Naphthalic Anhydride

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of dichlormid, R-29148, CGA-92194, flurazole, naphthalic anhydride, and MON-5500 as herbicide antidotes for triallate in wheat and to determine triallate antagonism by seed-applied fungicides and insecticides. Seed treatment of MON-5500 at 0.063% wt/wt was the most effective antidote for triallate in wheat in both greenhouse and field. Dichlormid and R-29148 at 0.5% wt/wt were more effective as antidotes for triallate in wheat than either CGA-92194 or naphthalic anhydride. Flurazole, as a seed treatment, did not reduce triallate injury to wheat Dichlormid or R-29148 at 2.2 kg ai ha–1applied broadcast to soil and incorporated reduced injury to wheat from triallate at 1.1 kg ai ha–1and also reduced injury to oats from 0.3 kg ha–1triallate. Seed treatments of carboxin at 0.2% wt/wt or imazalil at 0.008% wt/wt antagonized triallate and decreased injury to wheat from triallate at 0.6 kg ha–1. Maneb plus lindane or mancozeb treatment of wheat seed increased injury from triallate.

COMMON ROOTROT AND PLANT DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING TREATMENTS OF WHEAT SEED WITH ALDRIN, GAMMA BHC, AND HEPTACHLOR, WITH AND WITHOUT MERCURY FUNGICIDES

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Burrage ◽  
R. D. Tinline
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

Common rootrot in Chinook wheat seedlings was more pronounced after seed treatments with gamma BHC at 1 oz. per bu. than after aldrin or heptachlor at the same rate or no insecticide, in soils inoculated with Cochliobolus sativus (Ito and Kurib.) Drechs. ex Dastur in greenhouse and field tests. In one of four tests rootrot was greater after heptachlor than after aldrin seed treatments. Disease increased progressively with an increase in rate of application of gamma BHC, but not of heptachlor, from [Formula: see text] to 1 oz. per bu. Reduced emergence and seedling weight following the higher rates of gamma BHC apparently were caused by phytotoxicity of the seed dressings rather than by the increases in rootrot. In field tests rootrot frequently was greater, and emergence less, without insecticides than with most insecticides, possibly because of damage to the plants by wireworms.The inclusion of a mercury fungicide with the insecticide, except gamma BHC at [Formula: see text] and 1 oz. per bu., usually reduced rootrot and increased emergence and seedling weight in inoculated soils.Wheat plants apparently recovered from early stunting associated with phytotoxicity and rootrot as there were no differences in grain yield per plant between seed treatments or between inoculated and uninoculated soils.

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