Patterns of laccase and peroxidases in coarse woody debris of Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris and their relation to different wood parameters

Abstract Electrical resistivity (ER) tomography is a promising technique to minimally invasively study stems of living trees. It allows insights into xylem properties based on the cross-sectional distribution of ER that is governed by the wood’s electrical conductance. In this study, ER measurements were carried out on four forest tree species, Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris, to demonstrate interspecific, intraspecific and within-tree variation of ER tomograms. Further, ER patterns were linked to xylem moisture content (MC), electrolyte content and density obtained from wood core analyses. The ER patterns of both coniferous species, P. abies and P. sylvestris, were found to be more homogenous and concentric compared with the complex tomograms of angiosperms. However, the ER range of coniferous trees showed considerable intraspecific variation. Measurements near ground level showed pronounced effects on ER tomograms, highlighting the importance of the chosen measurement height. A strong relation between ER and wood density was found in F. sylvatica while ER patterns of conifers were mainly influenced by MC. Results demonstrate a high species specificity of ER tomograms and of respective influencing xylem traits. They underline the importance of reference measurements for a correct interpretation of ER studies.

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Ozone exposure–response relationships for biomass and root/shoot ratio of beech ( Fagus sylvatica ), ash ( Fraxinus excelsior ), Norway spruce ( Picea abies ) and Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris )

Environmental Pollution ◽

10.1016/s0269-7491(00)00050-6 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 109 (3) ◽

pp. 473-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

W Landolt ◽

U Bühlmann ◽

P Bleuler ◽

J.B Bucher

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Fagus Sylvatica ◽

Fraxinus Excelsior ◽

Ozone Exposure ◽

Exposure Response ◽

Shoot Ratio ◽

Root Shoot Ratio

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Availability of coarse woody debris in a boreal old-growth Picea abies forest

Journal of Vegetation Science ◽

10.2307/3236775 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 51-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Bengt Gunnar Jonsson

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Coarse Woody Debris ◽

Woody Debris ◽

Old Growth

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LACK OF ANNUAL PERIODICITY IN CAMBIAL PRODUCTION OF PHLOEM IN TREES FROM MEDITERRANEAN AREAS

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-20160138 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 349-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jožica Gričar ◽

Peter Prislan ◽

Martin De Luis ◽

Klemen Novak ◽

Luis Alberto Longares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Fagus Sylvatica ◽

Pinus Halepensis ◽

Growth Ring ◽

Mild Winter ◽

Sieve Cells ◽

Annual Periodicity ◽

Cambial Cells ◽

Ring Boundary

Annual periodicity of cambium production of xylem and phloem cells has rarely been compared in trees from different environments. We compared the structure of cambium and the youngest xylem and phloem increments in four tree species, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus halepensis, from nine temperate and Mediterranean sites in Slovenia and Spain. In Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica from temperate locations in Slovenia, xylem and phloem growth ring boundaries could be identified. In Fagus sylvatica growing at two elevations on Moncayo mountain, Spain, phloem increment consisted of only early phloem. In Pinus sylvestris from the same two sites, growth ring boundaries were not as clear as in temperate Slovenian sites. In some cases we could identify phloem growth ring boundaries but in others it was very doubtful, which could be explained by collapse of the outermost early phloem sieve cells. In Pinus halepensis from all sites, we could only distinguish between collapsed and non-collapsed phloem, while phloem rings could not be identified. Widths of the youngest phloem and xylem annual increments could only be compared when phloem increments could be clearly defined, as with Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris from temperate sites. The visibility of the growth ring boundary in phloem was not related to the width of annual radial growth. The correlation between xylem and phloem ring widths was high, but moderate between the number of dormant cambial cells and xylem ring and phloem ring widths. Based on the structure of the youngest phloem increments, we concluded that there is no typical annual periodicity in cambial production of phloem cells in trees from certain Mediterranean sites. This may be due to continuous yearlong cell production and the absence of true cambium dormancy, at least on the phloem side, under mild winter conditions.

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Erratum to: Coarse woody debris of Fagus sylvatica produced a quantitative organic carbon imprint in an andic soil

Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1007/s10310-015-0482-5 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 363-363

Author(s):

Viliam Pichler ◽

Erika Gömöryová ◽

Marián Homolák ◽

Magdaléna Pichlerová ◽

Wojciech Skierucha

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Fagus Sylvatica ◽

Coarse Woody Debris ◽

Woody Debris

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Coarse woody debris in old Pinus sylvestris dominated forests along a geographic and human impact gradient in boreal Fennoscandia

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x02-144 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (12) ◽

pp. 2184-2200 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

S Rouvinen ◽

T Kuuluvainen ◽

L Karjalainen

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Human Impact ◽

Coarse Woody Debris ◽

Woody Debris ◽

Natural Forests ◽

Dead Trees ◽

History Of ◽

Geographic Regions ◽

Forest Utilization ◽

Natural Stands

Coarse woody debris (CWD) was studied in old Pinus sylvestris L. dominated forests in three geographic regions in the middle boreal vegetation zone: (i) in Häme in southwestern Finland, characterized by a long history of forest utilization, (ii) in Kuhmo in northeastern Finland, with a more recent history of forest utilization, and (iii) in the Vienansalo wilderness area in northwestern Russia, characterized by large areas of almost natural forest. Within the geographic regions the measured 0.2-ha plots were divided into three stand types according to the degree of human impact: (i) natural stands, (ii) selectively logged stands, and (iii) managed stands. The results showed that compared with natural forests, forest management has strongly reduced both the amount and diversity of CWD. The highest total CWD volumes were found in the natural stands in Häme (mean 67 m3·ha1) and Kuhmo (92 m3·ha1) and in the selective logged stands in Vienansalo (80 m3·ha1), while the lowest CWD volumes were found in the managed stands in Häme (7 m3·ha1) and Kuhmo (22 m3·ha1). The duration of forest utilization also plays a role, as forests with short management histories (Kuhmo region) still carried structural legacies from earlier more natural stages of the forest. In addition to lower total CWD volumes, managed stands also largely lacked certain dead wood characteristics, particularly large dead trees and standing dead trees with structural diversity characteristics (such as stem breakage, leaning stems, and fire scars) when compared with natural and selectively logged stands. The CWD characteristics of stands selectively logged in the past were often comparable with those of natural stands, suggesting that old selectively logged stands can be of high value from the nature conservation point of view.

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Establishment of tree seedlings and water-soluble nutrients in coarse woody debris in an old-growth Picea-Abies forest in Hokkaido, northern Japan

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x00-042 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 1148-1155 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Masamichi Takahashi ◽

Yoshimi Sakai ◽

Reiko Ootomo ◽

Masao Shiozaki

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Coarse Woody Debris ◽

Forest Floor ◽

Woody Debris ◽

Tree Seedlings ◽

Class Iii ◽

Tree Seedling ◽

Decay Class ◽

Tree Seedling Establishment ◽

Northern Japan

Forest floor microsite conditions and tree seedling establishment were studied at an old-growth Picea-Abies forest in Hokkaido Island, northern Japan. Tree seedlings were established abundantly on coarse woody debris (CWD) from decay class III, a class indicating moderate decay, to class V, the most advanced decay class. The height-class distribution of tree seedlings indicates that the recruitment of Picea glehnii (Fr. Schm.) Masters and Picea jezoensis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Carr. seedlings on CWD started on decay class II and was mostly restricted to CWD decay class III. Seedlings of Abies sachalinensis (Fr. Schm.) Masters also favored establishment on CWD but had a wide adaptability to most of the microsites. Although CWD functioned as a suitable seedbed, water extracts from CWD were acidic and had quite low mineral nutrient concentrations. Tree seedling establishment did not necessarily require high levels of nutrient content in microsites. Although the forest floor was largely covered by CWD, with 2056 m2·ha-1 of the total projected area covered by CWD, CWD decay class III covered only 366 m2·ha-1 of the forest floor, indicating that CWD as a functioning seedbed is limited by time and space on the forest floor.

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