Mental Health Disorders and Publicly Funded Service Use by HIV Positive Individuals: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Ontario, Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3457-3463
Author(s):  
Anna Durbin ◽  
Hilary K. Brown ◽  
Tony Antoniou ◽  
Frank Sirotich ◽  
Symron Bansal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Disorders

scholarly journals Self-perceived competencies in the diagnosis and treatment of mental health disorders among general practitioners in Lima, Peru

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Hanae Zafra-Tanaka ◽  
Kevin Pacheco-Barrios ◽  
Fiorella Inga-Berrospi ◽  
Alvaro Taype-Rondan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Disorders

Abstract Aim To assess the self-perceived competencies in diagnosing and treating patients with mental health disorders, among recently graduated general practitioners (GPs) from Lima, Peru. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in April 2017 at a General Practitioner’s meeting held for those who were going to perform the social service, by the Peruvian College of Physicians in Lima. Attendees were invited to answer a questionnaire that evaluated their self-perception of competence in diagnosing and treating four different mental health disorders; major depression, anxiety disorder, alcohol dependence, and schizophrenia. Results Out of 434 evaluated GPs, the following percentages were self-perceived as competent in their adequate diagnosis of depression (70.5%), anxiety (73.3%), alcohol dependence (67.6%), and schizophrenia (62.0%). Concerning pharmacological treatment, these percentages were 46.6, 47.5, 39.0 and 37.6%, respectively. Referring to all the studied mental disorders, 41.6% of participants self-perceived competence in providing an adequate diagnosis, 36.1% in providing non-pharmacological treatment, and 20.1% in providing pharmacological treatment. Conclusion The rate of adequate self-perceived competences was higher for diagnosis than for treatment of patients with mental health disorders. These results highlight the importance of designing and implementing interventions to improve medical education so as to develop the skills necessary to confront mental health disorders.

scholarly journals STIGMA AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY AT A PRIVATE UNIVERSITY IN MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Roop Kaur Despande ◽  
Irma Wati binti Ngadimon ◽  
Nor Liana Che Yaacob
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Health Disorders

The number of mental health problems among the young people in Malaysia is increasing, and this is worrying. Prompt action is needed as the young generation especially university students are the future leaders of the country. This study aimed to evaluate the level of stigma and attitudes of university students towards mental health disorders since limited study regarding this issue conducted in Malaysia. This is a cross-sectional study design whereby 496 students from MAHSA University were asked to complete a pre-validated questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of three main sections which were demographic, measures of knowledge and attitudes of respondents towards mental health disorders. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between knowledge score of the different age groups, ethnicity, faculty and current education level of respondents. Besides that, significant differences were reported between attitude score of the different age groups, faculty and current education level of the respondents. It was also found that there was a statistically significant positive correlation between mental health knowledge and attitudes towards mental health disorders. Overall, the respondents displayed good knowledge and attitude towards mental health disorders.

scholarly journals Physical-mental health comorbidity: A population-based cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260464
Author(s):  
Mikk Jürisson ◽  
Heti Pisarev ◽  
Anneli Uusküla ◽  
Katrin Lang ◽  
Marje Oona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Estonian Population ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Background Multimorbidity is associated with physical-mental health comorbidity (PMHC). However, the scope of overlap between physical and mental conditions, associated factors, as well as types of mental illness involved are not well described in Eastern Europe. This study aims to assess the PMHC burden in the Estonian population. Methods In this population-based cross-sectional study we obtained health claims data for 55 chronic conditions from the Estonian Health Insurance Fund (EHIF) database, which captures data for all publicly insured individuals (n = 1 240 927 or 94.1% of the total population as of 31 December 2017). We assessed the period-prevalence (3 years) of chronic physical and mental health disorders, as well as associations between them, by age and sex. Results Half of the individuals (49.1% (95% CI 49.0–49.3)) had one or more chronic conditions. Mental health disorders (MHD) were present in 8.1% (8.1–8.2) of individuals, being higher among older age groups, women, and individuals with a higher number of physical conditions. PMHC was present in 6.2% (6.1–6.2) of the study population, and 13.1% (13.0–13.2) of the subjects with any chronic physical disorder also presented with at least one MHD. Dominating MHDs among PMHC patients were anxiety and depression. The prevalence of MHD was positively correlated with the number of physical disorders. We observed variation in the type of MHD as the number of physical comorbidities increased. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and mental and behavioral disorders due to the misuse of alcohol and other psychoactive substances increased as physical comorbidities increased, but the prevalence of schizophrenia and dementia decreased with each additional physical disease. After adjusting for age and sex, this negative association changed the sign to a positive association in the case of dementia and mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance misuse. Conclusions The burden of physical-mental comorbidity in the Estonian population is relatively high. Further research is required to identify clusters of overlapping physical and mental disorders as well as the interactions between these conditions. Public health interventions may include structural changes to health care delivery, such as an increased emphasis on integrated care models that reduce barriers to mental health care.

scholarly journals Changes in pediatric emergency department visits for mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910452097245
Author(s):  
Rebecca A Leff ◽  
Erika Setzer ◽  
Mark X Cicero ◽  
Marc Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Health Disorders

Background: Limited early results indicate that the COVID-19 outbreak has had a significant impact on the mental health of children and adolescents. Pediatric emergency departments (PED) play a pivotal role in the identification, treatment, and coordination of care for children with mental health disorders, however, there is a dearth of literature evaluating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health care provision in the PED. Objectives: We sought to evaluate whether changes in frequency or patient demographics among children and adolescents presenting to the PED has occurred. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Yale New Haven Children’s Hospital (YNHCH) PED. Data representing the early COVID-19 pandemic period was abstracted from the electronic medical record and compared using descriptive statistics to the same time period the year prior. Patient demographics including patient gender, ED disposition, mode of arrival, race-ethnicity, and insurance status were assessed. Results: During the pandemic period, 148 patients presented to the YNHCH PED with mental health-related diagnoses, compared to 378 in the pre-pandemic period, a reduction of 60.84%. Compared to white children, black children were 0.55 less likely to present with a mental health condition as compared to the pre-pandemic study period ( p = 0.002; 95% CI 0.36–0.85). Conclusions: Children with mental and behavioral health disorders who seek care in PEDs may be at risk for delayed presentations of mental health disorders. African American children may be a particularly vulnerable population to screen for mental health disorders as reopening procedures are initiated and warrants further study.

scholarly journals Mental Health Disorders During COVID-19 Pandemic Among Southwest Ethiopia University Students: An Institutional-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237796082110643
Author(s):  
Zebene M. Assefa ◽  
Tariku G. Haile ◽  
Deribachew H. Wazema ◽  
Wubishet T. Tafese ◽  
Fantahun W. Berrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Health Disorders

Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak originated in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, at the end of 2019. The COVID-19 incidence of new cases and fatality has continued to fast-track. The mental state and well-being of entire societies are severely suffering from this crisis and are a precedence to be immediately addressed. Objective To assess mental health disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic among university students, Southwest, Ethiopia, 2020/2021. Method Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Pretested self-administered a structured questionnaire was used. Depression, anxiety, and stress were measured by depression, anxiety, stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Data were arrived by Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were applied. In multivariate logistic regression; p-value < .05 at 95% CI was declared as significant. Results Seven hundred ten university students with 95.6% of the response rate participated in the study. Of the participants, 91.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24 years, and 57.2% were male. The magnitude of anxiety, depression, and stress was 35.1%, 30.0%, and 38.2%, respectively. In this study, age [Formula: see text] 25years, easy access to handwashing facilities, relative death due to COVID-19, wearing a face mask, a program of education, marital status, worried about academic activities, and family psychiatric history were predictors for mental health disorders and insomnia was a predictor of both anxiety and depression during COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion In this study, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was above one-third, which was higher than the previous studies done in the country. Therefore, the continuing increase in new cases of disease infectivity and fatality throughout the country, providing psychological counseling, and developing coping strategies to predictors are important to prevent mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Precarious Work and Poor Occupational Health: A Cross-sectional Study in Luxembourg

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Majery ◽  
Jemima Wangata Shadi ◽  
Paula Camelia Trandafir
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Precarious Work ◽  
Health Disorders

Abstract BackgroundIn the literature, an increase in precarious work in Luxembourg as well as in other countries, has been associated to poor health. Therefore, the Occupational Health Physicians of the “Service de Santé au Travail Multisectoriel” (STM), considering the comfortable financial situation during unemployment in Luxembourg, compared the health and lifestyle data of precarious workers to those with stable work.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 1472 workers (910 in stable and 562 in precarious work), who were examined at the STM in 2019. Lifestyle and health were self-reported by the workers. The qualitative variables (frequencies and percentage) related to demographic, health, lifestyle and employment factors were analyzed in each group. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to compare both groups and multivariate logistic regression to evaluate the associations between health issues (cardiovascular, mental health, musculoskeletal disorders [MSD]) and employment contract type. ResultsRegarding lifestyle, there were significant differences in age, tobacco smoking, type of work, and mental health disorders between the two groups. Precarious workers had a higher prevalence of poor health in the entire sample. As for mental health disorders, the prevalence was significantly higher in precarious than in stable work (8.5% vs 4.1%, p<0.0001). The difference was not significant in both groups for cardiovascular (6.9% vs 5.8%) and musculoskeletal (15.1% vs 13.7%) disorders. Multivariate logistic regression for the total sample revealed a positive association of precarious work and poor health. The odds ratios were 2.36 (CI: 1.50-3.73) for mental health 1.37 (CI: 0.87-2.17) for cardiovascular, and 1.04 (CI: 0.76-1.43) for musculoskeletal disorders. The association was significant only for mental health disorders. The results by gender showed up a higher risk for mental disorders for women in precarious work (OR=3.41, CI: 1.43-7.82) than for men (OR= 2.99, CI: 1.33-6.74). Men in precarious work had a positive association for cardio-vascular disorders (OR =1.84, CI: 1.03-3.29), and women a negative one (OR= 0.88, CI: 0.40-1.95).ConclusionsOur study revealed an association between precarious work and poor health. For mental health, this association was significant for both genders, but particularly so for women. Cardiovascular disorders were positively significantly associated only for men.

scholarly journals Results from an 18 country cross-sectional study examining experiences of nature for people with common mental health disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Tester-Jones ◽  
Mathew P. White ◽  
Lewis R. Elliott ◽  
Netta Weinstein ◽  
James Grellier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Disorders

Abstract Exposure to natural environments is associated with a lower risk of common mental health disorders (CMDs), such as depression and anxiety, but we know little about nature-related motivations, practices and experiences of those already experiencing CMDs. We used data from an 18-country survey to explore these issues (n = 18,838), taking self-reported doctor-prescribed medication for depression and/or anxiety as an indicator of a CMD (n = 2698, 14%). Intrinsic motivation for visiting nature was high for all, though slightly lower for those with CMDs. Most individuals with a CMD reported visiting nature ≥ once a week. Although perceived social pressure to visit nature was associated with higher visit likelihood, it was also associated with lower intrinsic motivation, lower visit happiness and higher visit anxiety. Individuals with CMDs seem to be using nature for self-management, but ‘green prescription’ programmes need to be sensitive, and avoid undermining intrinsic motivation and nature-based experiences.

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