scholarly journals Physical-mental health comorbidity: A population-based cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260464
Author(s):  
Mikk Jürisson ◽  
Heti Pisarev ◽  
Anneli Uusküla ◽  
Katrin Lang ◽  
Marje Oona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Estonian Population ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Background Multimorbidity is associated with physical-mental health comorbidity (PMHC). However, the scope of overlap between physical and mental conditions, associated factors, as well as types of mental illness involved are not well described in Eastern Europe. This study aims to assess the PMHC burden in the Estonian population. Methods In this population-based cross-sectional study we obtained health claims data for 55 chronic conditions from the Estonian Health Insurance Fund (EHIF) database, which captures data for all publicly insured individuals (n = 1 240 927 or 94.1% of the total population as of 31 December 2017). We assessed the period-prevalence (3 years) of chronic physical and mental health disorders, as well as associations between them, by age and sex. Results Half of the individuals (49.1% (95% CI 49.0–49.3)) had one or more chronic conditions. Mental health disorders (MHD) were present in 8.1% (8.1–8.2) of individuals, being higher among older age groups, women, and individuals with a higher number of physical conditions. PMHC was present in 6.2% (6.1–6.2) of the study population, and 13.1% (13.0–13.2) of the subjects with any chronic physical disorder also presented with at least one MHD. Dominating MHDs among PMHC patients were anxiety and depression. The prevalence of MHD was positively correlated with the number of physical disorders. We observed variation in the type of MHD as the number of physical comorbidities increased. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and mental and behavioral disorders due to the misuse of alcohol and other psychoactive substances increased as physical comorbidities increased, but the prevalence of schizophrenia and dementia decreased with each additional physical disease. After adjusting for age and sex, this negative association changed the sign to a positive association in the case of dementia and mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance misuse. Conclusions The burden of physical-mental comorbidity in the Estonian population is relatively high. Further research is required to identify clusters of overlapping physical and mental disorders as well as the interactions between these conditions. Public health interventions may include structural changes to health care delivery, such as an increased emphasis on integrated care models that reduce barriers to mental health care.

scholarly journals Self-perceived competencies in the diagnosis and treatment of mental health disorders among general practitioners in Lima, Peru

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Hanae Zafra-Tanaka ◽  
Kevin Pacheco-Barrios ◽  
Fiorella Inga-Berrospi ◽  
Alvaro Taype-Rondan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Disorders

Abstract Aim To assess the self-perceived competencies in diagnosing and treating patients with mental health disorders, among recently graduated general practitioners (GPs) from Lima, Peru. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in April 2017 at a General Practitioner’s meeting held for those who were going to perform the social service, by the Peruvian College of Physicians in Lima. Attendees were invited to answer a questionnaire that evaluated their self-perception of competence in diagnosing and treating four different mental health disorders; major depression, anxiety disorder, alcohol dependence, and schizophrenia. Results Out of 434 evaluated GPs, the following percentages were self-perceived as competent in their adequate diagnosis of depression (70.5%), anxiety (73.3%), alcohol dependence (67.6%), and schizophrenia (62.0%). Concerning pharmacological treatment, these percentages were 46.6, 47.5, 39.0 and 37.6%, respectively. Referring to all the studied mental disorders, 41.6% of participants self-perceived competence in providing an adequate diagnosis, 36.1% in providing non-pharmacological treatment, and 20.1% in providing pharmacological treatment. Conclusion The rate of adequate self-perceived competences was higher for diagnosis than for treatment of patients with mental health disorders. These results highlight the importance of designing and implementing interventions to improve medical education so as to develop the skills necessary to confront mental health disorders.

scholarly journals STIGMA AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY AT A PRIVATE UNIVERSITY IN MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Roop Kaur Despande ◽  
Irma Wati binti Ngadimon ◽  
Nor Liana Che Yaacob
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Health Disorders

The number of mental health problems among the young people in Malaysia is increasing, and this is worrying. Prompt action is needed as the young generation especially university students are the future leaders of the country. This study aimed to evaluate the level of stigma and attitudes of university students towards mental health disorders since limited study regarding this issue conducted in Malaysia. This is a cross-sectional study design whereby 496 students from MAHSA University were asked to complete a pre-validated questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of three main sections which were demographic, measures of knowledge and attitudes of respondents towards mental health disorders. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between knowledge score of the different age groups, ethnicity, faculty and current education level of respondents. Besides that, significant differences were reported between attitude score of the different age groups, faculty and current education level of the respondents. It was also found that there was a statistically significant positive correlation between mental health knowledge and attitudes towards mental health disorders. Overall, the respondents displayed good knowledge and attitude towards mental health disorders.

scholarly journals Changes in pediatric emergency department visits for mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910452097245
Author(s):  
Rebecca A Leff ◽  
Erika Setzer ◽  
Mark X Cicero ◽  
Marc Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Health Disorders

Background: Limited early results indicate that the COVID-19 outbreak has had a significant impact on the mental health of children and adolescents. Pediatric emergency departments (PED) play a pivotal role in the identification, treatment, and coordination of care for children with mental health disorders, however, there is a dearth of literature evaluating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health care provision in the PED. Objectives: We sought to evaluate whether changes in frequency or patient demographics among children and adolescents presenting to the PED has occurred. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Yale New Haven Children’s Hospital (YNHCH) PED. Data representing the early COVID-19 pandemic period was abstracted from the electronic medical record and compared using descriptive statistics to the same time period the year prior. Patient demographics including patient gender, ED disposition, mode of arrival, race-ethnicity, and insurance status were assessed. Results: During the pandemic period, 148 patients presented to the YNHCH PED with mental health-related diagnoses, compared to 378 in the pre-pandemic period, a reduction of 60.84%. Compared to white children, black children were 0.55 less likely to present with a mental health condition as compared to the pre-pandemic study period ( p = 0.002; 95% CI 0.36–0.85). Conclusions: Children with mental and behavioral health disorders who seek care in PEDs may be at risk for delayed presentations of mental health disorders. African American children may be a particularly vulnerable population to screen for mental health disorders as reopening procedures are initiated and warrants further study.

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