A bang-bang PLL employing dynamic gain control for low jitter and fast lock times

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Chan ◽  
Adam Postula ◽  
Yong Ding ◽  
Lech Jozwiak
Keyword(s):  
Gain Control ◽  
Low Jitter ◽  
Dynamic Gain

scholarly journals The Response of MSTd Neurons to Perturbations in Target Motion During Ongoing Smooth-Pursuit Eye Movements

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 519-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Ono ◽  
Lukas Brostek ◽  
Ulrich Nuding ◽  
Stefan Glasauer ◽  
Ulrich Büttner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Target Perturbation ◽  
Behaving Monkeys ◽  
Dynamic Gain

Several regions of the brain are involved in smooth-pursuit eye movement (SPEM) control, including the cortical areas MST (medial superior temporal) and FEF (frontal eye field). It has been shown that the eye-movement responses to a brief perturbation of the visual target during ongoing pursuit increases with higher pursuit velocities. To further investigate the underlying neuronal mechanism of this nonlinear dynamic gain control and the contributions of different cortical areas to it, we recorded from MSTd (dorsal division of the MST area) neurons in behaving monkeys ( Macaca mulatta) during step-ramp SPEM (5–20°/s) with and without superimposed target perturbation (one cycle, 5 Hz, ±10°/s). Smooth-pursuit–related MSTd neurons started to increase their activity on average 127 ms after eye-movement onset. Target perturbation consistently led to larger eye-movement responses and decreasing latencies with increasing ramp velocities, as predicted by dynamic gain control. For 36% of the smooth-pursuit–related MSTd neurons the eye-movement perturbation was accompanied by detectable changes in neuronal activity with a latency of 102 ms, with respect to the eye-movement response. The remaining smooth-pursuit–related MSTd neurons (64%) did not reflect the eye-movement perturbation. For the large majority of cases this finding could be predicted by the dynamic properties of the step-ramp responses. Almost all these MSTd neurons had large visual receptive fields responding to motion in preferred directions opposite to the optimal SPEM stimulus. Based on these findings it is unlikely that MSTd plays a major role for dynamic gain control and initiation of the perturbation response. However, neurons in MSTd could still participate in SPEM maintenance. Due to their visual field properties they could also play a role in other functions such as self-motion perception.

Dynamic gain control of teleoperating cyber-physical system with time-varying delay

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 3049-3062
Author(s):  
Jing Yan ◽  
Xian Yang ◽  
Xiaoyuan Luo ◽  
Xinping Guan
Keyword(s):  
Physical System ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Cyber Physical System ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Time Varying Delay ◽  
Dynamic Gain ◽  
Varying Delay

Experimental investigation of Raman Amplifier with dynamic gain control

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. X. Wang ◽  
Y. D. Gong ◽  
P. Shum ◽  
Y. L. Guan ◽  
N. Q. Ngo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Raman Amplifier ◽  
Dynamic Gain

scholarly journals Gap encoding by parvalbumin-expressing interneurons in auditory cortex

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford H. Keller ◽  
Katherine Kaylegian ◽  
Michael Wehr
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Synaptic Inhibition ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Inhibitory Cell ◽  
Dynamic Gain

Synaptic inhibition shapes the temporal processing of sounds in auditory cortex, but the contribution of specific inhibitory cell types to temporal processing remains unclear. We recorded from parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons in auditory cortex to determine how they encode gaps in noise, a model of temporal processing more generally. We found that PV+ cells had stronger and more prevalent on-responses, off-responses, and postresponse suppression compared with presumed pyramidal cells. We summarize this pattern of differences as “deeper modulation” of gap responses in PV+ cells. Response latencies were also markedly faster for PV+ cells. We found a similar pattern of deeper modulation and faster latencies for responses to white noise bursts, suggesting that these are general properties of on- and off-responses in PV+ cells rather than specific features of gap encoding. These findings are consistent with a role for PV+ cells in providing dynamic gain control by pooling local activity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons in auditory cortex showed more deeply modulated responses to both gaps in noise and bursts of noise, suggesting that they are optimized for the rapid detection of stimulus transients.

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