Structural changes in visual cortex area 17 in children with aftereffects of perinatal injury to the central nervous system

2007 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Sal’kov ◽  
R. M. Khudoerkov
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Area 17 ◽  
Perinatal Injury ◽  
Cortex Area ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Olfactory Bulb

2017 ◽  
pp. 309-322
Author(s):  
Gordon M. Shepherd ◽  
Michele Migliore ◽  
Francesco Cavarretta
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Antennal Lobe ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Synaptic Interactions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Olfactory Input

The olfactory bulb is the site of the first synaptic processing of the olfactory input from the nose. It is present in all vertebrates (except cetaceans) and a the analogous antennal lobe in most invertebrates. With its sharply demarcated cell types and histological layers, and some well-studied synaptic interactions, it is one of the first and clearest examples of the microcircuit concept in the central nervous system. The olfactory bulb microcircuit receives the information in the sensory domain and transforms it into information in the neural domain. Traditionally, it has been considered analogous to the retina in processing its sensory input, but that has been replaced by the view that it is more similar to the thalamus or primary visual cortex in processing its multidimensional input. This chapter describes the main synaptic connections and functional operations and how they provide the output to the olfactory cortex

The Pathology of Milkiness, Thickening, and Opacity of the Pia-arachnoid in the Insane

1895 ◽  
Vol 41 (175) ◽  
pp. 622-635
Author(s):  
W. F. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Brain

There is at the present time great need of more complete and definite knowledge as to the pathology of the very marked structural changes that so commonly affect the pia-arachnoid in the insane. The subject is one of much importance to all of us as medical psychologists, for not only is the condition in question one of the most conspicuous lesions associated with mental disease, but it implicates a structure of primary importance in the economy of the central nervous system. It is by way of vessels that course through this membrane that nutriment is conveyed to the brain cortex, and the waste products resulting from metabolism in the cerebral tissues are mainly conveyed away in the fluid that circulates in its lymph spaces. Therefore it is evident that these morbid changes may very seriously interfere with the functions both of nutrition and excretion in the brain.

scholarly journals Experience-Associated Structural Events, Subependymal Cellular Proliferative Activity, and Functional Recovery After Injury to the Central Nervous System

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1513-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Schallert ◽  
J. Leigh Leasure ◽  
Bryan Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Considerable structural plasticity is possible in the damaged neocortex and connected brain areas, and the potential for significant functional recovery remains even during the chronic phases of the recovery process. In this article, the authors review the literature on use-dependent morphologic events, focusing on the direct interaction of behavioral experience and structural changes associated with plasticity and degeneration. Experience-associated neural changes have the potential to either hinder or enhance functional recovery; therefore, issues concerning the nature, timing, and intensity of behavior-based intervention strategies are addressed.

Empirically testable models are needed for understanding visual prediction

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-218
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Trautteur ◽  
Edoardo Datteri ◽  
Matteo Santoro
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
Human Visual Cortex ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Predictive Mechanisms

AbstractNijhawan argues convincingly that predictive mechanisms are pervasive in the central nervous system (CNS). However, scientific understanding of visual prediction requires one to formulate empirically testable neurophysiological models. The author's suggestions in this direction are to be evaluated on the basis of more realistic experimental methodologies and more plausible assumptions on the hierarchical character of the human visual cortex.

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