Impacts of the invasive plant Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) on plant communities and ecosystem processes

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1243-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna G. Aguilera ◽  
Peter Alpert ◽  
Jeffrey S. Dukes ◽  
Robin Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Fallopia Japonica

scholarly journals Populations of Heracleum sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum (Apiaceae) in Kyiv (Ukraine)

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-228
Author(s):  
Lubov Gubar ◽  
Serhii Koniakin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Heracleum Sosnowskyi ◽  
Secondary Range ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Ruderal Plant

Abstract In connection with the increasing negative impact of invasive alien species on biodiversity and the environment in general, their research, as well as throughout the world, is relevant. The distribution of the Heracleum sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum of the secondary range on the example of the Kyiv agglomeration is investigated in the work. In our study we aimed to evaluate the possibility of spontaneous spread of giant hogweeds in the secondary range, adaptation of the species to the new conditions of the environment that favor to control of these species’ expansion and reduce the threat to the urban ecosystems and citizens’ health. We hypothesise that in the secondary range H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum settle sites with relatively high temperature (Tr), lightening (Lc), and soil moisture conditions similar to that in their natural range. 17 populations and four localities (sites) of H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum were studied. They were found within forest, meadow, riverine and ruderal plant communities. It is indicated that the advent species fully adapted to the conditions of the environment. The difference by ecological indicators Lc2 and Tm1 is pointed out. According to the results of our research, for the area of Kyiv urban agglomeration the growth of H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum is indicated in the plants communities of six classes. They spread most in ruderal plant communities of the: Robinietea, Artemisietea, Epilobietea classes. The studied species belong to invasive plant species in Ukraine and are characterized by extremely high effect on the environment and high invasive potential.

Restoration of pollination interactions in communities invaded by non-native plants.

2020 ◽  
pp. 377-390
Author(s):  
Christopher N. Kaiser-Bunbury ◽  
◽  
Benno I. Simmons ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Restoration Ecology ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Network Metrics ◽  
The Impact

Invasive plant species degrade and homogenize ecosystems worldwide, thereby altering ecosystem processes and function. To mitigate and reverse the impact of invasive plants on pollination, a key ecosystem function, conservation scientists and practitioners restore ecological communities and study the impact of such management interventions on plant-pollinator communities. Here, we describe opportunities and challenges associated with restoring pollination interactions as part of a holistic ecosystem-based restoration approach. We introduce a few general concepts in restoration ecology, and outline best planning and evaluation practices of restoring pollination interactions on the community level. Planning involves the selection of suitable plant species to support diverse pollinator communities, which includes considerations of the benefits and disadvantages of using native vs exotic, and bridge and framework plant species for restoration. We emphasize the central role of scientific- and community-level approaches for the planning phase of pollination restoration. For evaluation purposes, we argue that appropriate network indicators have the advantage of detecting changes in species behaviour with consequences for ecosystem processes and functions before these changes show up in altered species communities. Suitable network metrics may include interaction diversity and evenness, and network measures that describe the distribution of species, such as network and species-level specialization, modularity and motifs. Finally, we discuss the usefulness of the network approach in evaluating the benefits of restoration interventions for pollination interactions, and propose that applied network ecologists take a central role in transferring theory into practice.

scholarly journals Competitive Interactions of Flowering Rush (Butomus umbellatus L.) Cytotypes in Submersed and Emergent Experimental Aquatic Plant Communities

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan E. Harms
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Depth Gradient ◽  
Common Garden Experiments

The ability to invade communities in a variety of habitats (e.g., along a depth gradient) may facilitate establishment and spread of invasive plants, but how multiple lineages of a species perform under varying conditions is understudied. A series of greenhouse common garden experiments were conducted in which six diploid and four triploid populations of the aquatic invasive plant Butomus umbellatus L. (Butomaceae) were grown in submersed or emergent conditions, in monoculture or in a multispecies community, to compare establishment and productivity of cytotypes under competition. Diploid biomass overall was 12 times higher than triploids in the submersed experiment and three times higher in the emergent experiment. Diploid shoot:root ratio was double that of triploid plants in submersed conditions overall, and double in emergent conditions in monoculture. Relative interaction intensities (RII) indicated that triploid plants were sixteen times more negatively impacted by competition under submersed conditions but diploid plants were twice as impacted under emergent conditions. Recipient communities were similarly negatively impacted by B. umbellatus cytotypes. This study supports the idea that diploid and triploid B. umbellatus plants are equally capable of invading emergent communities, but that diploid plants may be better adapted for invading in submersed habitats. However, consistently lower shoot:root ratios in both monoculture and in communities suggests that triploid plants may be better-adapted competitors in the long term due to increased resource allocation to roots. This represents the first examination into the role of cytotype and habitat on competitive interactions of B. umbellatus.

Plant communities and ecosystem processes in a succession-altitude matrix after shifting cultivation in the tropical montane forest zone of northern Borneo

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shogoro Fujiki ◽  
Shogo Nishio ◽  
Kei-ichi Okada ◽  
Jamili Nais ◽  
Kanehiro Kitayama
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Tropical Montane Forest ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Total P

Abstract:Plant communities and ecosystem processes in seres at multiple altitudes in the tropical montane forest zone of northern Borneo were studied to understand the patterns and mechanisms of the secondary succession after shifting cultivation. A total of 25 stands (and additional three stands) were sampled with stand ages ranging from 2 to 55 y after slash and burn at altitudes between 900 and 1400 m asl. Plant species composition, above-ground biomass (AGB), chemical properties of soils, litter and foliar samples were investigated in each stand. A TWINSPAN analysis classified five plant communities primarily as a sere but with two altitudinal communities in the later successional phase. AGB accumulated steadily at the rate of 2.42 Mg ha−1 y−1 during the succession for the first 55 y due to the ontogenetic development of plants as well as plant community shifts. At the onset of secondary succession, pool of soil NO3-N and soil total P was high probably because burning caused flushes of minerals originating from the burnt plant materials. Pool of soil NO3-N and soil total P decreased with increasing stand age during the succession. Leaf-litter N:P ratios of dominant species significantly increased with increasing stand age suggesting disproportionately greater P deficiency than N deficiency in the later successional phase. It is suggested that tree species shifted to those of greater P-use efficiency during succession in response to decreasing soil P availability. We conclude that the interaction of altitude with the reduction of soil N and P availability was related to the altitudinal split of plant communities in the later phase, while pioneer communities were wide-ranging across altitudes reflecting richer soil nutrients.

scholarly journals PHYTOCOENOTIC BONDS OF AMBROSIA ARTEMISIIFOLIA L. IN URBOCENOSES

2018 ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Анатолий Савва ◽  
Anatoly Savva ◽  
Леонид Есипенко ◽  
Leonid Esipenko ◽  
Сергей Падалка ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
Ecological Relations ◽  
Anthropogenic Ecosystems

The invasion of A. artemisiifolia L into the agricultural landscape of Russia led to the phytosanitary destabilization. The dominance of ambrosia in biogeocenoses led to changes in species composition in plant communities, disruption of the structure of trophic bonds, hydrological and energy balance. All these factors of influence of quarantine weed plant led to reduction of productivity of crops. The study of patterns of competitive relationships of invasive plant in anthropogenic ecosystems were held in various man-made ecosystems of Krasnodar territory. Original data on ecological relations between the invider and native flora were obtained

Nutrient addition does not increase the benefits of clonal integration in an invasive plant spreading from open patches into plant communities

Plant Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1090-1096
Author(s):  
X.‐X. Li ◽  
Z.‐W. Fan ◽  
Y.‐D. Shen ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Nutrient Addition ◽  
Clonal Integration

Networks of power and influence: the role of mycorrhizal mycelium in controlling plant communities and agroecosystem functioning

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 1016-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Leake ◽  
David Johnson ◽  
Damian Donnelly ◽  
Gemma Muckle ◽  
Lynne Boddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Nutrient Fluxes ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Functionally Diverse

Extraradical mycelia of mycorrhizal fungi are normally the “hidden half” of the symbiosis, but they are powerful underground influences upon biogeochemical cycling, the composition of plant communities, and agroecosystem functioning. Mycorrhizal mycelial networks are the most dynamic and functionally diverse components of the symbiosis, and recent estimates suggest they are empowered by receiving as much as 10% or more of the net photosynthate of their host plants. They often constitute 20%–30% of total soil microbial biomass yet are undetected by standard measures of biomass used by soil scientists and agromomists. Mycorrhizal mycelia provide extensive pathways for carbon and nutrient fluxes through soil, often exceeding tens of metres per gram of soil. We consider the amounts of photosynthate “power” allocated to these mycelial networks and how this is used in fungal respiration, biomass, and growth and in influencing soil, plant, and ecosystem processes. The costs and functional “benefits” to plants linking to these networks are fungal specific and, because of variations in physiology and host specificity, are not shared equally; some plants even depend exclusively on these networks for carbon. We briefly assess the potential contribution of extraradical mycorrhizal mycelium to sustainable agriculture and maintenance of biodiversity and highlight technologies that promise new vistas and improved fine-scale resolution of the dynamic spatial and temporal functioning of these networks in soil.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhiza, ectomycorrhiza, extraradical mycelium, hyphal networks.

Managing Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe)–Infested Rangeland after Wildfire

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-189
Author(s):  
Monica L. Pokorny ◽  
Jane M. Mangold ◽  
James Hafer ◽  
M. Kirk Denny
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Spotted Knapweed ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Seed Mixture ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
And Performance

AbstractInvasive plants need to be managed after wildfire to suppress the invasive plant and to maintain or restore a desired plant community. Our study tested treatments that influence species availability and performance following a disturbance (wildfire). The overall objective was to determine the ability of herbicide and revegetation treatments to restore spotted knapweed–infested areas to desired plant communities after wildfire. The study consisted of a factorial combination of three herbicide application treatments (broadcast application, spot application, and no herbicide) and three seed mixture treatments (grass-only seed mix, a grass and forb seed mix, no seeding). Picloram was used for the herbicide. Both the broadcast and spot picloram application methods decreased spotted knapweed cover and density up to 80% while increasing desired grass cover and density up to 20% compared with the control. However, broadcast spraying picloram decreased species richness from 5.7 to 3.6 species 0.1 m−2 and decreased desired forb density and cover compared with spot-applied picloram treatment. Spot spraying resulted in an increase in other undesired forbs compared with broadcast spraying. Seeding with desired species had no effect on spotted knapweed cover or density. Spot spraying may help maintain desired species richness while managing spotted knapweed.

scholarly journals Moisture and Salinity Drive the Vegetation Composition of Wadi Hargan, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad ◽  
Abdulaziz M. Assaeed ◽  
Saud L. Al-Rowaily ◽  
Basharat M. Dar ◽  
Jahangir A. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
Rhazya Stricta

Wetlands are represented in Saudi Arabia in the form of mangrove, sabkha, and wadi (valleys) systems, and these habitats are considered as a sanctuary for biodiversity. The present study aimed to identify different vegetation groups in a wetland site in Wadi Hargan near Alqurainah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and to relate different plant communities and plant diversity to soil moisture, salinity, and other soil properties. Floristic analysis and vegetation structure were investigated within 15 stands along the wadi and were subjected to correlation analysis with soil factors via multivariate analysis. The floristic survey revealed the presence of 111 plant species belonging to 39 families. The most represented families were Asteraceae, Poaceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, and Papilionaceae, which accounted for the largest proportion (55.4%) of the total species. The therophytes were the dominant life form, where they were represented by 46.9% of the total number of species. The application of cluster analysis (TWINSPAN) to the importance value of each species based on the relative cover and density led to the recognition of four plant communities: (A) Phragmites australis—Tamarix nilotica community, (B) Zygophyllum coccineum—Acacia gerrardii community, (C) Lycium shawii—Zygophyllum coccineum community, and (D) Rhazya stricta community. The soil analysis and correlation test revealed significant variations in the content of salinity, moisture, CO3, Cl, SO4, Ca, Mg, and Na among the plant communities. It can be concluded that soil moisture and salinity factors were the fundamental driving forces for plant community structure in the studied wadi. The wadi was moderately grazed, mainly by camels; thereby, the invasive plant Rhazya stricta dominated the central region of the wadi. Also, human interference was observed at the end of the wadi, where some weeds sprouted such as Malva parviflora. The presence of those two rare wetland species, Adiantum capillus-veneris and Ficus salicifolia, in the study area, showed the unique properties of the studied wadi and necessitate an urgent biodiversity conservation action to protect its natural vegetation from overgrazing and human interference.

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