The Relationship Between Social Cynicism Belief, Social Dominance Orientation, and the Perception of Unethical Behavior: A Cross-Cultural Examination in Russia, Portugal, and the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Alexandra ◽  
Miguel M. Torres ◽  
Olga Kovbasyuk ◽  
Theophilus B. A. Addo ◽  
Maria Cristina Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Social Cynicism ◽  
The Relationship

The Role of Moral Intensity and Personal Moral Philosophies in the Ethical Decision Making of Marketers: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of China and the United States

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jatinder J. Singh ◽  
Scott J. Vitell ◽  
Jamal Al-Khatib ◽  
Irvine Clark
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
The United States ◽  
Moral Intensity ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Ethical Judgments ◽  
Moral Philosophies ◽  
The Relationship

This study uses cross-cultural samples from the United States and China to replicate previous empirical findings regarding the relationship among moral philosophies, moral intensity, and ethical decision making. The authors use a two-step structural equations modeling approach to analyze the measurement and structural models. The findings partially replicate those from previous studies and provide evidence that the measurement model is somewhat invariant across the two groups studied but the structural model is not. In addition, there is evidence that the relationship between personal moral philosophies (mainly relativism) and moral intensity varies across the two cultures. That is, whereas relativism is a significant predictor of moral intensity for the Chinese sample, it is not for the U.S. sample. However, idealism is a significant predictor of perceived moral intensity for both samples of marketing practitioners. Finally, perceived moral intensity is a significant, direct predictor of ethical judgments, and ethical judgments are a significant, direct predictor of behavioral intentions in both instances.

WHO OPPOSES IMMIGRATION?

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Pettigrew ◽  
Ulrich Wagner ◽  
Oliver Christ
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Deprivation ◽  
Political Conservatism ◽  
Immigration Attitudes

AbstractAre the predictors of anti-immigration attitudes consistent across countries with diverse immigration histories and policies? We hypothesize that the key predictors of opposition to immigration are indeed relatively consistent across industrial nations. We test this hypothesis with two surveys using probability samples of German citizens. We then compare our findings with those obtained in recent studies of immigration opinions in Europe generally, and in two of the world's leading immigration-receiving nations: Canada and the United States. Striking similarities emerge in the findings across structural, demographic, contact, economic, political, personality, and threat predictors. Opposition to immigration is routinely found strongest among the older and less-educated segments of the population who live in areas with anti-immigration norms and little contact with immigrants. Anti-immigration attitudes also correlate with political conservatism and alienation, economic deprivation, and especially with authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and perceived collective threat.

Do women seek humorousness in men because it signals intelligence? A cross-cultural test

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn E. Weisfeld ◽  
Nicole T. Nowak ◽  
Todd Lucas ◽  
Carol C. Weisfeld ◽  
E. Olcay Imamoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Alternative Possibilities ◽  
Social Credit ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractMiller has suggested that people seek humorousness in a mate because humor connotes intelligence, which would be valuable in a spouse. Since males tend to be the competing sex, men have been more strongly selected to be humorous. To test this notion, we explored the role of humor in marriage cross-culturally, in the United States, the United Kingdom, China, Turkey, and Russia. In the first four societies, husbands were perceived to make wives laugh more than the reverse, but wives were funnier in Russia. Spousal humorousness was associated with marital satisfaction in all cultures, especially the wife's satisfaction. Spousal humorousness was less consistently related to spousal intelligence than to some alternative possibilities: spousal kindness, dependability, and understanding. Furthermore, the relationship between these four variables and marital satisfaction was mediated by spousal humorousness. Humor is gratifying in other social contexts as well. Humorists may gain social credit by providing amusement, and may also use humor to gauge another's mood and to engender liking, perhaps especially in courtship and marriage. Spouses may also take humorousness as a sign of motivation to be amusing, kind, understanding, dependable — as a sign of commitment.

scholarly journals The Nature of Islamophobia: A Test of a Tripartite View in Five Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 014616722092264
Author(s):  
Fatih Uenal ◽  
Robin Bergh ◽  
Jim Sidanius ◽  
Andreas Zick ◽  
Sasha Kimel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intergroup Emotions ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
Scalar Invariance ◽  
The Impact

This article provides an examination of the structure of Islamophobia across cultures. Our novel measure—the Tripartite Islamophobia Scale (TIS)—embeds three theoretically and statistically grounded subcomponents of Islamophobia: anti-Muslim prejudice, anti-Islamic sentiment, and conspiracy beliefs. Across six samples (i.e., India, Poland, Germany, France, and the United States), preregistered analyses corroborated that these three subcomponents are statistically distinct. Measurement invariance analyses indicated full scalar invariance, suggesting that the tripartite understanding of Islamophobia is generalizable across cultural contexts. Furthermore, the subcomponents were partially dissociated in terms of the intergroup emotions they are predicted by as well as the intergroup outcomes they predict (e.g., dehumanization, ethnic persecution). For example, intergroup anger and disgust underpin Islamophobic attitudes, over and above the impact of fear. Finally, our results show that social dominance orientation (SDO) and ingroup identification moderate intergroup emotions and Islamophobia. We address both theoretical implications for the nature of Islamophobia and practical interventions to reduce it.

More for Us or More for Me? Social Dominance as Parochial Egoism

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliran Halali ◽  
Anna Dorfman ◽  
Sora Jun ◽  
Nir Halevy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intergroup Interactions ◽  
Group Members

Intergroup interactions allow members of advantaged groups to cooperate with in-group and out-group members alike (universal cooperation), cooperate with in-group members exclusively (parochial cooperation), or withhold cooperation altogether. These behaviors impact the intergroup hierarchy differently; therefore, individuals’ ideological support of intergroup hierarchy may predict their choices among them. Universal cooperation is inherently egalitarian and hence inconsistent with social dominance orientation (SDO). Although parochial cooperation strengthens the in-group relative to the out-group, and hence consistent with SDO, it is unclear to what extent members of advantaged groups higher in SDO are willing to pay the costs associated with participation in parochial cooperation. Studies conducted across three distinct intergroup contexts in the United States and Israel consistently find that SDO coincides with behavioral selfishness, a pattern we label parochial egoism. These findings illuminate a gap between individuals’ ideological worldview and their social behavior and elucidate the motivational meaning of SDO.

My Kind of Guy: Social Dominance Orientation, Hierarchy-Relevance, and Tolerance of Racist Job Candidates

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722110110
Author(s):  
Lyangela J. Gutierrez ◽  
Miguel M. Unzueta
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
United States ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Job Candidates ◽  
Explicit Prejudice ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Perceptions Of Racism

Social psychology suggests that racism, as captured by explicit prejudice and racial discrimination, is perceived negatively in the United States. However, considering the hierarchy-enhancing nature of racism, it may be that negative perceptions of racism are attenuated among perceivers high in anti-egalitarian sentiment. The reported studies support this, suggesting that racist candidates were tolerated more and had relatively greater hireability ratings as a function of perceivers’ social dominance orientation (SDO; Studies 1–4). Candidate race did not impact these evaluations—only the hierarchy relevance of their actions did (i.e., whether the candidate’s behavior was hierarchy enhancing or had no clear implication for the hierarchy; Study 2). Furthermore, anti-racist candidates (e.g., those displaying hierarchy-attenuating behavior) were tolerated less and had lower hireability ratings as a function of perceivers’ SDO (Study 3). Finally, the perceived intentionality of the candidate’s actions affected tolerance toward them as a function of SDO. This suggests hierarchy relevance impacts evaluative outcomes.

Entitlement’s Cruel Cousins

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-74
Author(s):  
Kristin J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Correlates ◽  
Political Tactics

Chapter 2, Entitlement’s Cruel Cousins, surveys the psychological correlates of entitlement. What attitudes coincide with entitlement that perpetuate inequality? For example, entitlement is associated with overconfidence and immodesty. Entitlement is also associated with individualism and the belief in the myth of meritocracy. From poverty to sexual assault, those who value individualism and meritocracy tend to see bad things happening to people as their own fault. Entitlement is linked to narcissism as well. Finally, entitlement is also correlated with dangerous worldviews such as authoritarianism and social dominance orientation—both of which are necessary to examine given trends toward increased authoritarian political tactics in the United States and globally.

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