Do women seek humorousness in men because it signals intelligence? A cross-cultural test

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn E. Weisfeld ◽  
Nicole T. Nowak ◽  
Todd Lucas ◽  
Carol C. Weisfeld ◽  
E. Olcay Imamoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Alternative Possibilities ◽  
Social Credit ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractMiller has suggested that people seek humorousness in a mate because humor connotes intelligence, which would be valuable in a spouse. Since males tend to be the competing sex, men have been more strongly selected to be humorous. To test this notion, we explored the role of humor in marriage cross-culturally, in the United States, the United Kingdom, China, Turkey, and Russia. In the first four societies, husbands were perceived to make wives laugh more than the reverse, but wives were funnier in Russia. Spousal humorousness was associated with marital satisfaction in all cultures, especially the wife's satisfaction. Spousal humorousness was less consistently related to spousal intelligence than to some alternative possibilities: spousal kindness, dependability, and understanding. Furthermore, the relationship between these four variables and marital satisfaction was mediated by spousal humorousness. Humor is gratifying in other social contexts as well. Humorists may gain social credit by providing amusement, and may also use humor to gauge another's mood and to engender liking, perhaps especially in courtship and marriage. Spouses may also take humorousness as a sign of motivation to be amusing, kind, understanding, dependable — as a sign of commitment.

Opinion–Policy Dynamics: Public Preferences and Public Expenditure in the United Kingdom

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
STUART N. SOROKA ◽  
CHRISTOPHER WLEZIEN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Policy Dynamics ◽  
The Relationship

Work exploring the relationship between public opinion and public policy over time has largely been restricted to the United States. A wider application of this line of research can provide insights into how representation varies across political systems, however. This article takes a first step in this direction using a new body of data on public opinion and government spending in Britain. The results of analyses reveal that the British public appears to notice and respond (thermostatically) to changes in public spending in particular domains, perhaps even more so than in the United States. They also reveal that British policymakers represent these preferences in spending, though the magnitude and structure of this response is less pronounced and more general. The findings are suggestive about the structuring role of institutions.

scholarly journals Cultural sustainability: A perspective from independent libraries in the United Kingdom and the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 096100062199282
Author(s):  
Kirsten Loach ◽  
Jennifer Rowley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cultural Sustainability ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Organisational Values ◽  
Sustainability Policy ◽  
The Relationship

As organisations that collect and maintain cultural artefacts, independent libraries make important contributions to cultural sustainability. Surfacing and elaborating on these contributions has the potential to establish their value to wider sustainable development agendas. However, sustainability policy and research across the gallery, library, archive and museum sectors tends to focus on environmental, social and economic concerns. The small number of studies that do consider cultural sustainability tend to focus on the role of galleries, libraries, archives and museums in heritage preservation, without consideration of their role in sustaining culture through the three other key areas of preserving and promoting cultural identity, cultural diversity and cultural vitality. In addition, previous studies do not consider the role of culture in enabling sustainability at an organisational level. Complementing previous research on the relationship between museums and cultural sustainability (conducted in Australia, Cyprus and Romania), this study seeks to expand understanding of the relationship between galleries, libraries, archives and museums and cultural sustainability in the context of the independent library sectors in the United Kingdom and the United States. Semi-structured interviews conducted with professionals from independent libraries in both countries employed a card-based game method to explore the key areas of cultural sustainability in which their organisations can contribute. Interviews also explored the challenges associated with achieving organisational sustainability, together with the organisational values that impact the sustainability of independent libraries. The research identifies a series of supportive and conflicting relationships between the contributions that independent libraries make to each of the four key areas of cultural sustainability, as well as the organisational values that can inhibit or assist organisational sustainability. Resulting in a framework to assist in the management of internal organisational sustainability and contributions to external cultural sustainability agendas in independent libraries, it provides a new perspective to support understanding of the relationship between galleries, libraries, archives and museums and cultural sustainability.

Gender and Marital Satisfaction: Data from the National Survey of Families and Households

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter R. Schumm ◽  
Farrell J. Webb ◽  
Stephan R. Bollman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Satisfaction Relationship ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Small Support

In 1972, Bernard argued that marriage was good for men and bad for women. Subsequent research noted that wives, on average, reported lower marital satisfaction than husbands. Furthermore, when differences within couples existed on marital satisfaction, the wife was usually the less satisfied spouse; however, most previous studies of the gender/marital satisfaction relationship had not been based on nationally representative samples. A nationally representative sample from the 1988 Survey of Families and Households was used to assess the relationship of gender with marital satisfaction. Within-couple analyses indicated that wives were less satisfied with their marriages than husbands and that, when substantial within-couple differences occurred with respect to marital satisfaction, the wife was usually the less satisfied spouse. Results provide at least small support for feminist assertions about the relatively adverse nature of marriage for women in the United States.

Relationship of the production of the toxin, cerato-ulmin, to synnemata formation, pathogenicity, mycelial habit, and growth of Ceratocystis ulmi isolates

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 658-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shozo Takai
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Measurable Quantity ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Forty-seven isolates of Ceratocystis ulmi collected from Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, and Iran were classified with respect to their ability to produce cerato-ulmin (CU) and synnemata, their radial growth, mycelial habit, and pathogenicity.Twenty-nine isolates clearly produced CU in a measurable quantity while 18 isolates produced it only in trace quantities. In general, the former produced fluffy mycelium and were active in synnemata formation. They were aggressive in pathogenicity with one exception. The latter group of isolates generally produced waxy, yeastlike mycelium and formed very few synnemata. They were all nonaggressive in pathogenicity. Radial growth was generally higher among the isolates that produced CU in larger quantities than among those producing CU in trace quantities. The relationship between CU production and pathogenicity affords a method for estimating isolate pathogenicity without the need for host inoculation.

The role of ideology in the international mainstream news media framing of refugees: A comparison between conservative and liberal newspapers in United States, United Kingdom and Australia*

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Jean Kenix ◽  
Reza Jarvandi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
News Media ◽  
Media Framing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Media Frames ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Newspaper Reporting ◽  
Political Spectrum

This research examines coverage of refugees in an attempt to further understand how media frames are actively, and perhaps ideologically, constructed. Articles between 2010 and 2015 were analysed in accordance with their publication in sixteen different news publications from the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom. The newspapers were selected from opposite ends of the ideological political spectrum. This research explores the consequences of these findings for the international community and for objective international newspaper reporting.

Substituting a Judgment of Best Interests: Dignity and the Application of Objective Principles to PVS Cases in the U.K.

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Pradella
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Substituted Judgment ◽  
Abortion Debate ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
National Legislatures

AbstractThe mêlée that surrounded the last days of Terri Schiavo's life was reminiscent of a classical Greek tragedy. Much like Antigone, Ms. Schiavo became enmeshed in irresistible and opposite forces, resolved to use her situation as an arena for the determination of political and legal issues as diverse as the exercise of states' rights, the extent of individual rights, the role of the judiciary, the re-opening of the abortion debate, and the regulation of stem cell research. As Europeans watched the drama unfold, the forces at play in the United States clashed head-on, in a rhetorically inflammatory spectacle which, on this side of the Atlantic, left many aghast. Most unsettling was the prospect of individuals wielding the power of state and national legislatures in what was, ultimately, an intensely personal affair.In the United Kingdom, the struggle was a stark reminder of the differences, not only between British and American political culture, but between our approaches to legal issues which present themselves at the end of life. The existence of well-established procedures and principles, and the extensive involvement of neutral third parties and the courts in pursuit of an objective determination of an individual patient's 'best interests', are key to the conclusion that Terri Schiavo's case would have been handled at least as effectively and efficiently as it was by the courts in Florida and the United States. That issues of consent and capacity can be determined by British courts on the basis of generally applicable principles leads to the subsequent conclusion that a 'best interests' determination leaves significantly less scope for conflict than the individualistic, much more personal and determinative construct of the 'substituted judgment' test in the United States.

Catalonian Trademarks and the Development of Marketing Knowledge in Spain, 1850–1946

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio Sáiz ◽  
Paloma Fernández Pérez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western World ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Historical Role

Trademarks have traditionally been viewed as assets that, although intangible, nevertheless contribute to the success of firms. This study, based on a compilation of national trademark data, corrects existing distortions of the historical role of brands and their—often unsuccessful—use as business tools by countries, sectors, or firms. Legislation on, and the profuse use of, trademarks in the Western world was pioneered by Spain, rather than by France, the United States, or the United Kingdom, and was initiated in unusual sectors, such as papermaking and textiles, rather than in the more usual ones of food and beverages. Analysis of the applicants of Catalan trademarks, across sectors, during almost a century, reveals that the legal possession of a brand cannot in itself guarantee a firm's success.

Values and Political Predispositions in the Age of Polarization: Examining the Relationship between Partisanship and Ideology in the United States, 1988–2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Lupton ◽  
Steven M. Smallpage ◽  
Adam M. Enders
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Mass Public ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The correlation between ideology and partisanship in the mass public has increased in recent decades amid a climate of persistent and growing elite polarization. Given that core values shape subsequent political predispositions, as well as the demonstrated asymmetry of elite polarization, this article hypothesizes that egalitarianism and moral traditionalism moderate the relationship between ideology and partisanship in that the latter relationship will have increased over time only among individuals who maintain conservative value orientations. An analysis of pooled American National Election Studies surveys from 1988 to 2012 supports this hypothesis. The results enhance scholarly understanding of the role of core values in shaping mass belief systems and testify to the asymmetric nature and mass public reception of elite cues among liberals and conservatives.

scholarly journals Sojourner Culture Shock: Assessing the Role of Exposure in Intrapersonal Identity Conflict

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Asfahani
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Culture Shock ◽  
The United States ◽  
Identity Conflict ◽  
Saudi Arabian Students ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
The Relationship

This research assesses the relationship between intercultural exposure variables—the length of time spent in the United States, the length of previous experience outside Saudi Arabia, the length of time studying English as a second language, and the frequency and nature of interactions with Americans—and intrapersonal identity conflict. To assess this relationship, the researcher conducted a survey of Saudi Arabian students studying in the United States, which collected information on exposure variables, as well as employing Leong and Ward’s (2000) Ethno-Cultural Identity Conflict Scale (EICS). A Pearson correlation test was conducted to examine the relationship between the Saudi sojourners’ intercultural exposure and their identity conflict scores to conclude that there is not a relationship between exposure and identity conflict.

The Madonna-Whore Dichotomy Is Associated With Patriarchy Endorsement: Evidence From Israel, the United States, and Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rotem Kahalon ◽  
Orly Bareket ◽  
Andrea C. Vial ◽  
Nora Sassenhagen ◽  
Julia C. Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
General Relationship ◽  
Heterosexual Relationships ◽  
The Social

The madonna-whore dichotomy denotes polarized perceptions of women as either good and chaste or as bad and promiscuous. In the present research, we examined the correlates of madonna-whore dichotomy among samples of heterosexual Israeli, U.S., and German women and heterosexual U.S. and German men. Demonstrating cross-cultural generalizability, madonna-whore dichotomy endorsement correlated with endorsement of patriarchy-supporting ideologies across samples. U.S. (but not German) men’s madonna-whore dichotomy endorsement negatively correlated with their sexual satisfaction in romantic relationships, which in turn predicted lower general relationship satisfaction. Among women, madonna-whore dichotomy endorsement did not correlate with sexual or general relationship satisfaction. These findings (a) support the feminist perspective on the madonna-whore dichotomy, which points to the role of the stereotype in policing women and limiting their sexual freedom; and (b) provide evidence that madonna-whore dichotomy endorsement can have personal costs for men. Increasing awareness to the motivations underlying the madonna-whore dichotomy endorsement and its costs can be beneficial at the social and personal levels for women and men, by providing knowledge that may help in developing focused interventions to change existing perceptions and scripts about sexuality, and perhaps foster more satisfying heterosexual relationships.

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